Dual identity, bicultural identity integration and social identity complexity among Muslim minority adolescents

References

• Ahmed, S., & Matthes, J. (2017). Media representation of Muslims and Islam from 2000 to 2015: A meta-analysis. International Communication Gazette, 79(3), 219–244. h ttps://d oi.o rg/1 0.1177%2F1748048516656305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amiot, C. E., De La Sablonnière, R., Terry, D. J., & Smith, J. R. (2007). Integration of social identities in the self: Toward a cognitive-developmental model. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(4), 364–388. https://doi.org/10.1177/2F1088868307304091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arias‐Valenzuela, M., Amiot, C. E., & Ryder, A. G. (2019). Identity configurations and well‐being during normative cultural conflict: The roles of multiculturals’ conflict management strategies and academic stage. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49(5), 970–991. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2566
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2014). Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: Using the BCH method in Mplus to estimate a distal outcome model and an arbitrary secondary model. Mplus Web Notes, 21, 1–22. https://www.statmodel.com/examples/webnotes/webnote21.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Balkaya, M., Cheah, C. S., & Tahseen, M. (2019). The mediating role of multiple group identities in the relations between religious discrimination and Muslim‐American adolescents’ adjustment. Journal of Social Issues, 75(2), 538–567. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12326
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benet‐Martínez, V., & Haritatos, J. (2005). Bicultural identity integration (BII): Components and psychosocial antecedents. Journal of Personality, 73(4), 1015–1050. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00337.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benet-Martinez, V., Lee, F., & Cheng, C. (2021). Bicultural Identity Integration (BII): Components, psychosocial antecedents, and outcomes. In M. Guelfand, C. Y. Chiu, & Y. Y. Hong (Eds.), Handbook of advances in culture and psychology. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brewer, M. B., Gonsalkorale, K., & Van Dommelen, A. (2013). Social identity complexity: Comparing majority and minority ethnic group members in a multicultural society. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 16(5), 529–544. h ttps://d oi.org/1 0.1177%2F1368430212468622
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer, M. B., & Pierce, K. P. (2005). Social identity complexity and outgroup tolerance. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(3), 428–437. h ttps://d oi.org/1 0.1177%2F0146167204271710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cárdenas, D., De La Sablonnière, R., Gorborukova, G. L., Mageau, G. A., Amiot, C. E., & Sadykova, N. (2019). Participation in a new cultural group and patterns of identification in a globalized world: The moderating role of similarity. Self and Identity, 18(6), 709–738. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2018.1523222
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitrova, R., Aydinli, A., Chasiotis, A., Bender, M., & Van De Vijver, F. J. (2015). Heritage identity and maintenance enhance well-being of Turkish-Bulgarian and Turkish-German adolescents. Social Psychology, 46(2), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000230
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleischmann, F., Leszczensky, L., & Pink, S. (2019). Identity threat and identity multiplicity among minority youth: Longitudinal relations of perceived discrimination with ethnic, religious, and national identification in Germany. British Journal of Social Psychology, 58(4), 971–990. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleischmann, F., & Phalet, K. (2016). Identity conflict or compatibility: A comparison of Muslim minorities in five European cities. Political Psychology, 37(4), 447–463. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12278
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foner, N., & Alba, R. (2008). Immigrant religion in the US and Western Europe: Bridge or barrier to inclusion? International Migration Review, 42(2), 360–392. h ttps://d oi.org/1 0.1111%2Fj.1747-7379.2008.00128.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRA (2017). Second European Union minorities and discrimination survey: Muslims – selected findings. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2017-eu-minorities-survey-muslims-selected-findings_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hummel, D., Daassa, M., Alshabani, N., & Felo, L. (2020). Identifying as Muslim and American: The role of discrimination. Review of Religious Research, 62(3), 465–483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-020-00418-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchison, P., Lubna, S. A., Goncalves‐Portelinha, I., Kamali, P., & Khan, N. (2015). Group‐based discrimination, national identification, and British Muslims’ attitudes toward non‐Muslims: The mediating role of perceived identity incompatibility. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 45(6), 330–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12299
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huynh, Q. L., Benet-Martínez, V., & Nguyen, A. (2018). Measuring variations in bicultural identity across US ethnic and generational groups: Development and validation of the bicultural identity integration scale—version 2 (BIIS-2). Psychological Assessment, 30(12), 1581–1596. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huynh, Q. L., Nguyen, A., & Benet-Martinez, V. (2011). Bicultural Identity Integration. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research, pp. 827-842. Springer Science & Business Media. h ttps://link.springer.com/book/1 0.1007%2F978-1-4419-7988-9
   Google Scholar
• Jones, J. M., & Hynie, M. (2017). Similarly torn, differentially shorn? The experience and management of conflict between multiple roles, relationships, and social categories. Frontiers in Psychology, 8:(1732). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01732
   Google Scholar
• Jugert, P., Pink, S., Fleischmann, F., & Leszczensky, L. (2020). Changes in Turkish-and resettler-origin adolescents’ acculturation profiles of identification: A three-year longitudinal study from Germany. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(12), 2476–2494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01250-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klandermans, B., Van Der Toorn, J., & Van Stekelenburg, J. (2008). Embeddedness and identity: How immigrants turn grievances into action. American Sociological Review, 73(6), 992–1012. h ttps://d oi.org/1 0.1177%2F000312240807300606
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knifsend, C. A., Bell, A. N., & Juvonen, J. (2017). Identification with multiple groups in multiethnic middle schools: What predicts social ingroup overlap? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(2), 317–327. h ttps://dx.d oi.org/1 0.1007%2Fs10964-016-0535-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunst, J. R., Tajamal, H., Sam, D. L., & Ulleberg, P. (2012). Coping with Islamophobia: The effects of religious stigma on Muslim minorities’ identity formation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(4), 518–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.12.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leszczensky, L., Maxwell, R., & Bleich, E. (2020). What factors best explain national identification among Muslim adolescents? Evidence from four European countries. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(1), 260–276. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/suppl/?scroll=top
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manzi, C., Ferrari, L., Rosnati, R., & Benet-Martinez, V. (2014). Bicultural identity integration of transracial adolescent adoptees: Antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(6), 888–904. h ttps://d oi.org/1 0.1177%2F0022022114530495
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinovic, B., & Verkuyten, M. (2012). Host national and religious identification among Turkish Muslims in Western Europe: The role of ingroup norms, perceived discrimination and value incompatibility. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42(7), 893–903. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1900
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miramontez, D., Benet-Martínez, V., & Nguyen, A. (2008). Bicultural identity and self/group personality perceptions. Self and Identity, 7(4), 430–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860701833119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center (2011). Muslim Americans– No signs of growth in alienation or support for extremism. https://www.pewforum.org/2011/08/30/muslim-americans-no-signs-of-growth-in-alienation-or-support-for-extremism/
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center (2017). How the U.S. general public views Muslims and Islam. http://www.pewforum.org/2017/07/26/how-the-u-s-general-public-views-muslims-and-islam/
   Google Scholar
• Phalet, K., Fleischmann, F., & Hillekens, J. (2018). Religious identity and acculturation of immigrant minority youth. European Psychologist, 23(1), 32–43. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000309
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phinney, J. S., Berry, J. W., Vedder, P., & Liebkind, K. (2006). The acculturation experience: Attitudes, identities, and behaviors of immigrant youth. In J. W. Berry, J. S. Phinney, D. L. Sam, & P. Vedder (Eds.), Immigrant youth in cultural transition: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation across national contexts (pp. 71–116). Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Roccas, S., & Brewer, M. B. (2002). Social identity complexity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(2), 88–106. h ttps://d oi.org/1 0.1207%2FS15327957PSPR0602_01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleem, M., Dubow, E., Lee, F., & Huesmann, R. (2018). Perceived discrimination and intergroup behaviors: The role of Muslim and American identity integration. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49(4), 602–617. h ttps://d oi.org/1 0.1177%2F0022022118763113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleem, M., & Ramasubramanian, S. (2019). Muslim Americans’ responses to social identity threats: Effects of media representations and experiences of discrimination. Media Psychology, 22(3), 373–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2017.1302345
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleem, M., Wojcieszak, M., Hawkins, I., Miao, L., & Ramasubramanian, S. (2019). Social identity threats: How media and discrimination affect Muslim Americans’ identification as Americans and trust in the U.S. Government. Journal of Communication, 69(2), 214–236. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqz001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid, K., Hewstone, M., Tausch, N., Cairns, E., & Hughes, J. (2009). Antecedents and consequences of social identity complexity: Intergroup contact, distinctiveness threat, and outgroup attitudes. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(8), 1085–1098. h ttps://d oi.org/1 0.1177%2F0146167209337037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, S. J., Unger, J. B., Baezconde‐Garbanati, L., Benet‐Martínez, V., Meca, A., Zamboanga, B. L., Soto, D. W., Rosiers, S. E. D., Oshri, A., Sabet, R. F., Soto, D. W., Pattarroyo, M., Huang, S., Villamar, J. A., Lizzi, K. M., & Szapocznik, J. (2015). Longitudinal trajectories of bicultural identity integration in recently immigrated Hispanic adolescents: Links with mental health and family functioning. International Journal of Psychology, 50(6), 440–450. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon, B., & Ruhs, D. (2008). Identity and politicization among Turkish migrants in Germany: The role of dual identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(6), 1354–1366. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012630
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirin, S. R., Bikmen, N., Mir, M., Fine, M., Zaal, M., & Katsiaficas, D. (2008). Exploring dual identification among Muslim-American emerging adults: A mixed methods study. Journal of Adolescence, 31(2), 259–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.10.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiegler, O., Wölfer, R., & Hewstone, M. (2019). Dual identity development and adjustment in Muslim minority adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(10), 1924–1937. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01117-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tadmor, C. T., & Tetlock, P. E. (2006). Biculturalism: A model of the effects of second-culture exposure on acculturation and integrative complexity. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37(2), 173–190. h ttps://d oi.org/1 0.1177%2F0022022105284495
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trittler, S. (2019). Consequences of religious and secular boundaries among the majority population for perceived discrimination among Muslim minorities in Western Europe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(7), 1127–1147. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2018.1437343
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Der Werf, F., Verkuyten, M., Martinovic, B., & Tseung-Wong, C. N. (2019). Understandings of national identity and outgroup attitudes in culturally diverse Mauritius. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 51, 134–148. h ttps://d oi.org/1 0.1177%2F0022022119895316
   Google Scholar
• Verkuyten, M., & Martinovic, B. (2012). Social identity complexity and immigrants’ attitude toward the host nation: The intersection of ethnic and religious group identification. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(9), 1165–1177. h ttps://d oi.org/1 0.1177%2F0146167212446164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermunt, J. K. (2010). Latent class modeling with covariates: Two improved three-step approaches. Political Analysis, 18(4) 450–469. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25792024
   Google Scholar
• Ward, C., Ng Tseung-Wong, C., Szabo, A., Qumseya, T., & Bhowon, U. (2018). Hybrid and alternating identity styles as strategies for managing multicultural identities. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49(9), 1402–1439. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022118782641
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiley, S., Fleischmann, F., Deaux, K., & Verkuyten, M. (2019). Why immigrants’ multiple identities matter: Implications for research, policy, and practice. Journal of Social Issues, 75(2), 611-629. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12329 Zhang, A., Jetten, J., Iyer, A., & Cui, L. (2013). Difference makes the heart grow fonder: Perceiving intergroup difference enhances minority groups’ willingness to integrate. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 16(2), 192–208. h ttps://d oi.org/1 0.1177%2F1368430212450056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, S., Verkuyten, M., & Weesie, J. (2018). Dual identity and psychological adjustment: A study among immigrant-origin members. Journal of Research in Personality, 74, 66–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.02.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar