540
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A Systematic Review of the Psychometric Properties of Binegativity scales

, ORCID Icon, , &

References

  • Alexander, J., & Yescavage, J., Eds. (2004). InterSEXions of the others: Bisexuality and Transgenderism. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. doi:10.1093/sw/36.6.548
  • [22] Baams, L., Grossman, A. H., & Russell, S. T. (2015). Minority stress and mechanisms of risk for depression and suicidal ideation among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Developmental Psychology, 51(5), 688–696. doi:10.1037/a0038994
  • Balsam, K. F., Beadnell, B., & Molina, Y. (2013). The Daily Heterosexist Experiences Questionnaire: Measuring minority stress among lesbian, gay, bisexual. And Transgender Adults. Measurement & Evaluation in Counseling & Development, 46(1), 3–25. doi:10.1177/0748175612449743
  • Batterham, A. M., & George, K. P. (2003). Reliability in evidence-based clinical practice: A primer for allied health professionals. Physical Therapy in Sport, 4(3), 122–128. doi:10.1016/S1466-853X(03)00076-2
  • [23] Bostwick, W. (2012). Assessing bisexual stigma and mental health status: A brief report. Journal of Bisexuality, 12(2), 214–222.
  • [1] Brewster, M. E., & Moradi, B. (2010). Perceived experiences of anti-bisexual prejudice: Instrument development and evaluation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57(4), 451–468. doi:10.1037/a0021116
  • [4] Brewster, M. E., Moradi, B., DeBlaere, C., & Velez, B. L. (2013). Navigating the Borderlands: The roles of minority stressors, bicultural self-efficacy, and cognitive flexibility in the mental health of bisexual individuals. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(4), 543–556. doi:10.1037/a0033224
  • [5] Brewster, M. E., Velez, B. L., Esposito, J., Wong, S., Geiger, E., & Keum, T. B. (2014). Moving beyond the binary with disordered eating research: A test and extension of objectification theory with bisexual women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61(1), 50–62. doi:10.1037/a0034748
  • Burke, S. E., & LaFrance, M. (2016). Lay conceptions of sexual minority groups. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 43(3), 635–650.
  • Burleson, W. E. (2005). Bi America: Myths, truths, and struggles of an invisible community. Binghamton, NY: Harrington Park Press/Haworth Press.
  • Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and validity assessment. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • [24] Chard, A. N., Finneran, C., Sullivan, P. S., & Stephenson, R. (2015). Experiences of homophobia among gay and bisexual men: Results from a cross-sectional study in seven countries. Culture, Health, & Sexuality, 17(10), 1174–1189. doi:10.1080/13691058.2015.1042917
  • Charter, R. A. (2003). A breakdown of reliability coefficients by test type and reliability method, and the clinical implications of low reliability. The Journal of General Psychology, 130(3), 290–304. doi:10.1080/00221300309601160
  • Cruz, E. (2005). Father of bisexual teenager who died by suicide: It’s the worst pain you can ever imagine. Advocate. Retrieved from https://www.advocate.com/bisexuality/2015/06/03/father-bisexual-teenager-who-died-suicide-it-s-worst-pain-you-can-ever-imagine
  • Cumming, G., & Finch, S. (2005). Inference by eye: Confidence intervals and how to read pictures of data. The American Psychologist, 60(2), 170–180.
  • [25] Darwich, L., Hymel, S., & Waterhouse, T. (2012). School avoidance and substance use among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning youths: The impact of peer victimization and adult support. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104(2), 381–392. doi:10.1037/a0026684
  • Diamond, L. M. (2008). Female bisexuality from adolescence to adulthood: Results from a 10-year longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 44(1), 5–14. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.5
  • Dodge, B., Herbenick, D., Friedman, M. R., Schick, V., Fu, T.-C. (J. )., Bostwick, W., … Sandfort, T. G. M. (2016). Attitudes toward bisexual men and women among a nationally representative probability sample of adults in the United States. PloS One, 11(10), e0164430. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164430
  • [17] Durso, L. E., & Meyer, I. H. (2013). Patterns and predictors of disclosure of sexual orientation to healthcare providers among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 10(1), 35–42. doi:10.1007/s13178-012-0105-2
  • [2] Dyar, C., Feinstein, B. A., & Davila, J. (In Press). Development and validation of a brief version of the Anti-bisexual Experiences Scale. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1–15.
  • [6] Dyar, C., Feinstein, B. A., & London, B. (2014). Dimensions of sexual identity and minority stress among bisexual women: The role of partner gender. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 1(4), 441–451. doi:10.1037/sgd0000063
  • Eisner, S. (2013). Bi: Notes for a bisexual revolution. New York, NY: Seal Press.
  • Eliason, M. (2000). Bi-negativity: The stigma facing. Bisexual Men. Journal of Bisexuality, 1(2-3), 137–154. doi:10.1300/J159v01n02_05
  • [26] Engler, K., Dumas, J., Blais, M., Lévy, J. J., Thoër, C., Ryan, B., … Frank, B. (2011). Comparing psychological, social, and sexuality-related problems reported by bisexual and gay men: A Canadian Internet-based study. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 30(2), 99–112. doi:10.7870/cjcmh-2011-0019
  • Estrada, G. (2011). Two spirits, Nadleeh, and LGBTQ2 Navajo gaze. American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 35(4), 167–190. doi:10.17953/aicr.35.4.x500172017344j30
  • Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272
  • Fan, X., & Thompson, B. (2001). Confidence intervals for effect sizes confidence intervals about score reliability coefficients, please: An EPM guidelines editorial. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 61(4), 517–531. doi:10.1177/0013164401614001
  • Ferguson, A., & Gilmour, M. (2018). Non-monosex research publication in US-based social work journals between 2008–2016. Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work, 15(1), 23–37. doi:10.1080/23761407.2017.1391730
  • [18] Figueroa, W. S., & Zoccola, P. M. (2015). Individual differences of risk and resiliency in sexual minority health: The roles of stigma consciousness and psychological hardiness. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(3), 329–338. doi:10.1037/sgd0000114
  • Fisher, T. D., Davis, C. M., Yarber, W. L., & Davis, S. L. (2011). Handbook of sexuality-related measures (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • [27] Flanders, C. E. (2015). Bisexual health: A daily diary analysis of stress and anxiety. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 37(6), 319–335.
  • Flanders, C. E., Dobinson, C., & Logie, C. (2015). “I’m never really my full self”: Young bisexual women's perceptions of their mental health. Journal of Bisexuality, 15(4), 454–480. doi:10.1080/15299716.2015.1079288
  • [3] Flanders, C. E., LeBreton, M., & Robinson, M. (In Press). Bisexual women’s experience of microaggressions and microaffirmations: A community-based, mixed-methods scale development project. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1–16.
  • [28] Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Bryan, A. E. B., Jen, S., Goldsen, J., Kim, H.-J., & Muraco, A. (2017). The unfolding of LGBT lives: Key events associated with health and well-being in later life. The Gerontologist, 57(suppl 1), S15–S29.
  • Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Emlet, C. A., Kim, H.-J., Muraco, A., Erosheva, E. A., Goldsen, J., & Hoy-Ellis, C. P. (2013). The physical and mental health of lesbian, gay male, and bisexual (LGB) older adults: The role of key health indicators and risk and protective factors. The Gerontologist, 53(4), 664–675.
  • [19] Friedman, C., & Leaper, C. (2010). Sexual-minority college women’s experiences with discrimination: Relations with identity and collective action. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 34(2), 152–164. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2010.01558.x
  • Haefner, C., & Plante, R. F. (2015). Asexualities: Socio-cultural perspectives. In J. DeLamater & R.F. Plante (Eds.), Handbook of the Sociology of Sexualities (pp. 273–285). New York, NY: Springer International Publishing.
  • Hayfield, N., Clarke, V., & Halliwell, E. (2014). Bisexual women’s understandings of social marginalisation: The heterosexuals don’t understand us but nor do the lesbians. Feminism & Psychology, 24(3), 352–372. doi:10.1177/0959353514539651
  • Haynes, S. N., Richard, D., & Kubany, E. S. (1995). Content validity in psychological assessment: A functional approach to concepts and methods. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 238–247. doi:10.1037//1040-3590.7.3.238
  • Herek, G. M. (2000). The psychology of sexual prejudice. Current Direction in Psychological Science, 9(1), 19–22.
  • Herek, G. M. (2002). Heterosexuals’ attitudes toward bisexual men and women in the United States. Journal of Sex Research, 39(4), 264–274. doi:10.1080/00224490209552150
  • Herek, G. M. (2004). Beyond "homophobia": Thinking about sexual prejudice and stigma in the twenty-first century. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 1(2), 6–24. doi:10.1525/srsp.2004.1.2.6
  • [29] Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (1999). Psychological sequalae of hate-crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 67(6), 945–951. doi:10.1037//0022-006X.67.6.945
  • Hogan, T. P., Benjamin, A., & Brezinski, K. L. (2000). Reliability methods: A note on the frequency of use of various types. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60(4), 523–531. doi:10.1177/00131640021970691
  • Ulrich, L. Human Rights Commission of San Francisco, LGBT Advisory Committee (2012). Bisexual invisibility: Impacts and recommendations. San Francisco, CA: Human Rights Commission of San Francisco, LGBT Advisory Committee.
  • Israel, T., & Mohr, J. J. (2004). Attitudes toward bisexual women and men: Current research, future directions. Journal of Bisexuality, 4(1-2), 117–134. doi:10.1300/J159v04n01_09
  • Katz-Wise, S. L., & Hyde, J. S. (2015). Sexual fluidity and related attitudes and beliefs among young adults with a same-gender orientation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(5), 1459–1470. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0420-1
  • [7] Katz-Wise, S. L., Mereish, E. H., & Woulfe, J. (2017). Associations of bisexual-specific minority stress and among cisgender and transgender adults with bisexual orientation. The Journal of Sex Research, 54(7), 899–910. doi:10.1080/00224499.2016.1236181
  • Kimberlin, C. L., & Winterstein, A. G. (2008). Validity and reliability of measurement instruments used in research. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 65(23), 2276–2284. doi:10.2146/ajhp070364
  • Kiss, M. J., Morrison, T. G., & McDonagh, L. K. (In Press). Male Body Image Self-Consciousness During Physical Intimacy (M-BISC): Validating the M-BISC With Gay Men. The Journal of Sexual Medicine,
  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ‐9: Validity. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
  • [30] Kuyper, L., & Fokkema, T. (2011). Minority stress and mental health among Dutch LGBs: Examination of differences between sex and sexual orientation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(2), 222–233. doi:10.1037/a0022688
  • [8] Lambe, J., Cerezo, A., & O'Shaughnessy, T. (2017). Minority stress, community involvement, and mental health among bisexual women. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 4(2), 218–226. doi:10.1037/sgd0000222
  • [31] Lea, T., de Wit, J., & Reynolds, R. (2014). Minority stress in lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults in Australia: Associations with psychological distress, suicidality, and substance use. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(8), 1571–1578. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0266-6
  • Levy, D. L., & Johnson, C. W. (2012). What does the Q mean? Including queer voices in qualitative research. Qualitative Social Work: Research and Practice, 11(2), 130–140. doi:10.1177/1473325011400485
  • [32] Lewis, R. J., Derlega, V. J., Brown, D., Rose, S., & Henson, J. M. (2009). Sexual minority stress, depressive symptoms, and sexual orientation conflict: Focus on the experiences of bisexuals. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(8), 971–992. doi:10.1521/jscp.2009.28.8.971
  • [33] Lloren, A., & Parini, L. (2017). How LGBT-supportive workplace policies shape the experience of lesbian, gay men, and bisexual employees. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 14(3), 289–299. doi:10.1007/s13178-016-0253-x
  • [9] MacLeod, M. A., Bauer, G. R., Robinson, M., MacKay, J., & Ross, L. E. (2015). Biphobia and anxiety among bisexuals in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 19(3), 217–243. doi:10.1080/19359705.2014.1003121
  • Marcus, N. C. (2018). The global problem of bisexual erasure in litigation and jurisprudence. Journal of Bisexuality, 18(1), 67–85.
  • McCrae, R. R., Kurtz, J. E., Yamagata, S., & Terracciano, A. (2011). Internal consistency, retest reliability, and their implications for personality scale validity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(1), 28–50. doi:10.1177/1088868310366253
  • [10] Mereish, E. H., Katz-Wise, S. L., & Woulfe, J. (2017). Bisexual-specific minority stressors, psychological distress, and suicidality in bisexual individuals: The mediating role of loneliness. Prevention Science, 18(6), 716–725. doi:10.1007/s11121-017-0804-2
  • [11] Mitchell, R. C., Davis, K. S., & Galupo, M. P. (2015). Comparing perceived experiences of prejudice among self-identified plurisexual individuals. Psychology & Sexuality, 6(3), 245–257. doi:10.1080/19419899.2014.940372
  • Mohr, J. J., & Rochlen, A. B. (1999). Measuring attitudes regarding bisexuality in lesbian, gay male, and heterosexual populations. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46(3), 353–369. doi:10.1037//0022-0167.46.3.353
  • [20] Molina, Y., Marquez, J. H., Logan, D. E., Leeson, C. J., Balsam, K. F., & Kaysen, D. L. (2015). Current intimate relationship status, depression, and alcohol use among bisexual women: The mediating roles of bisexual-specific minority stressors. Sex Roles, 73(1-2), 43–57. doi:10.1007/s11199-015-0483-z
  • Monro, S., Hines, S., & Osborne, A. (2017). Is bisexuality invisible? A review of sexualities scholarship 1970–2015. The Sociological Review, 1–19.
  • Morandini, J. S., Blaszczynski, A., & Dar-Nimrod, I. (2017). Who adopts queer and pansexual sexual identities? The. Journal of Sex Research, 54(7), 911–922.
  • Morrison, M. A., Bishop, C. J., Gazzola, S. B., McCutcheon, J. M., Parker, K., & Morrison, T. G. (2017). Systematic review of the psychometric properties of transphobia scales. International Journal of Transgenderism, 18(4), 395–410. doi:10.1080/15532739.2017.1332535
  • Morrison, M. A., Bishop, C. J., & Morrison, T. G. (In Press). A systematic review of the psychometric properties of composite LGBT prejudice and discrimination scales. Journal of Homosexuality, 1–22. doi:10.1080/00918369.2017.1422935
  • Morrison, T. G., Bishop, C., Morrison, M. A., & Parker-Taneo, K. (2016). A psychometric review of measures assessing discrimination against sexual minorities. Journal of Homosexuality, 63(8), 1086–1126. doi:10.1080/00918369.2015.1117903
  • [12] Morrison, T. G., Harrington, R., & McDermott, D. T. (2010). Bi now, gay later: Implicit and explicit binegativity among Irish university students. Journal of Bisexuality, 10(3), 211–232. doi:10.1080/15299716.2010.500952
  • O'Connor, B. P. (2000). SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer's MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 32(3), 396–402.
  • Ochs, R. (1996). Biphobia: It goes more than two ways. In B. A. Firestein (Ed.), Bisexuality: The psychology and politics of an invisible minority (pp. 217–239). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Ochs, R. (2007). What’s in a name? Why women embrace or resist bisexual identity. In B. A. Firestein (Ed.), Becoming visible: Counseling bisexuals across the lifespan (pp. 39–43). New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
  • Ochs, R. (2015). The definition of bisexuality. robynochs.com. Retrieved September 7, 2018 from https://robynochs.com/2015/10/11/the-definition-of-bisexuality-according-to-bi/
  • Ochs, R., & Deihl, M. (1992). Moving beyond binary thinking. In W. J. Blumenfeld (Ed.), Homophobia: How we all pay the price (pp. 67–75). Boston, MA: Beacon.
  • Open Science Collaboration. (2015). Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. Science, 349(6251), aac4716.
  • Osborne, J. W., & Costello, A. B. (2009). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Pan-Pacific Management Review, 12(2), 131–146.
  • Pakula, B., Shoveller, J., Ratner, P. A., & Carpiano, R. (2016). Prevalence and co-occurrence of heavy drinking and anxiety and mood disorders among gay, lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual Canadians. American Journal of Public Health, 106(6), 1042–1048. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303083
  • [34] Parnell, M. K., Lease, S. H., & Green, M. L. (2012). Perceived career barriers for gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals. Journal of Career Development, 39(3), 248–268. doi:10.1177/0894845310386730
  • Paulhus, D. L., & Reid, D. B. (1991). Enhancement and denial in socially desirable responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(2), 307–317. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.2.307
  • [35] Pereira, H., & Costa, P. A. (2016). Modeling the impact of social discrimination on the physical and mental health of Portuguese gay, lesbian, and bisexual people. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 29(2), 205–217. doi:10.1080/13511610.2016.1157683
  • Pett, M. A., Lackey, N. R., & Sullivan, J. J. (2003). Making sense of factor analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Pinel, E. C. (1999). Stigma consciousness: The psychological legacy of social stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 114–128.
  • Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). The content validity index: Are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 29(5), 489–497.
  • [36] Quinn, G. P., Sutton, S. K., Winfield, B., Breen, S., Canales, J., Sheety, G., …, Schabath, M. B. (2015). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning (LGBTQ) perceptions and health care experiences. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 27(2), 246–261. doi:10.1080/10538720.2015.1022273
  • Rauch, J. (2016). Why so many bisexuals are victimized. Psychology Today. Retrieved August 26, 2018 from https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/the-truth-about-exercise-addiction/201610/why-so-many-bisexuals-are-victimized
  • [13] Roberts, T. S., Horne, S. G., & Hoyt, W. T. (2015). Between a gay and a straight place: Bisexual individuals’ experiences with monosexism. Journal of Bisexuality, 15(4), 554–569. doi:10.1080/15299716.2015.1111183
  • [14] Robinson, J. P., & Espelage, D. L. (2011). Inequities in educational and psychological outcomes between LGBTQ and straight students in middle and high school. Educational Researcher, 40(7), 315–330. doi:10.3102/0013189X11422112
  • Ross, L. E., Salway, T., Tarasoff, L. A., MacKay, J. M., Hawkins, B. W., & Fehr, C. P. (2018). Prevalence of depression and anxiety among bisexual people compared to gay, lesbian, and heterosexual individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Sex Research, 55(4-5), 435–456. doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1387755
  • Rust, P. C. (1993). Neutralizing the political threat of the marginal woman: Lesbians’ beliefs about bisexual women. Journal of Sex Research, 30(3), 214–228. doi:10.1080/00224499309551705
  • [37] Saewyc, E. M., Poon, C. S., Homma, Y., & Skay, C. L. (2008). Stigma management? The links between enacted stigma and teen pregnancy trends among gay, lesbian, and bisexual students in British Columbia. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 17(3), 123–139.
  • Sakaluk, J. K., & Short, S. D. (2017). A methodological review of exploratory factor analysis in sexuality research: Used practices, best practices, and data analysis resources. The Journal of Sex Research, 54(1), 1–9.
  • Salway, T., Ross, L. E., Fehr, C. P., Burley, J., Asadi, S., Hawkins, B., & Tarasoff, L. A. (In Press). A systematic review and meta-analysis of disparities in the prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt among bisexual populations. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1–23.
  • [21] Sarno, E., & Wright, A. J. (2013). Homonegative microaggressions and identity in bisexual men and women. Journal of Bisexuality, 13(1), 63–81. doi:10.1080/15299716.2013.756677
  • Schmitt, N. (1996). Uses and abuses of coefficient alpha. Psychological Assessment, 8(4), 350–353. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.8.4.350
  • Spaulding, L. R., & Peplau, L. A. (1997). The unfaithful lover: Heterosexuals’ perceptions. Of Bisexuals and Their Relationships. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(4), 611–625. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00134.x
  • Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092. 1097. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
  • Springer, D. W., Abell, N., & Hudson, W. W. (2002). Creating and validating rapid assessment instruments for practice and research: Part 1. Research on Social Work Practice, 12(3), 408–439. doi:10.1177/1049731502012003005
  • Stonewall (2012). Bisexuality. Retrieved August 28, 2018 from https://www.stonewall.org.uk/sites/default/files/Bisexuality_Stonewall_Health_Briefing_2012_.pdf
  • Streiner, D. L. (2003). Starting at the beginning: An introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. Journal of Personality Assessment, 80(1), 99–103. doi:10.1207/S15327752JPA8001_18
  • [38] Strizzi, J., Fernández-Agis, I., Parrón-Carreño, T., & Alarcón-Rodríguez, R. (2016). Enacted sexual stigma, stigma consciousness, and Subjective Happiness Scale adaptation: A two-country study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(2), 316–338. doi:10.1177/0886260514555372
  • Szymanski, D. M. (2006). Does internalized heterosexism moderate the link between heterosexist events and lesbians' psychological distress? Sex Roles, 54(3-4), 227–234. doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9340-4
  • [39] van Lisdonk, J., & Keuzenkamp, S. (2017). Towards bi-inclusive policies: Suggestions based on research on Dutch same-sex attracted young people. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 14(2), 206–222. doi:10.1007/s13178-016-0241-1
  • Vogt, D. S., King, D. W., & King, L. A. (2004). Focus groups in psychological assessment: Enhancing content validity by consulting members of the target population. Psychological Assessment, 16(3), 231–243. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.16.3.231
  • [40] Watson, L. B., Grotewiel, M., Farrell, M., Marshik, J., & Schneider, M. (2015). Experiences of sexual objectification, minority stress, and disordered eating among sexual minority women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 39(4), 458–470. doi:10.1177/0361684315575024
  • [15] Watson, L. B., Morgan, S. K., & Craney, R. (2018). Bisexual women’s discrimination and mental health outcomes: The roles of resilience and collective action. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 5(2), 182–193. doi:10.1037/sgd0000272
  • [16] Watson, L. B., Velez, B. L., Brownfield, J., & Flores, M. J. (2016). Minority stress and bisexual women’s disordered eating: The role of maladaptive coping. The Counselling Psychologist, 44(8), 1158–1186. doi:10.1177/0011000016669233
  • [41] Weber, G. N. (2008). Using to numb the pain: Substance use and abuse among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 30(1), 31–48.
  • Wilson, A. (1996). How we find ourselves: Identity development and two spirit people. Harvard Educational Review, 66(2), 303–318. doi:10.17763/haer.66.2.n551658577h927h4
  • Yaghmaie, F. (2009). Content validity and its estimation. Journal of Medical Education, 3(1), 25–27.
  • Yoshino, K. (2000). The epistemic contract of bisexual erasure. Stanford Law Review, 52(2), 353. doi:10.2307/1229482
  • Yost, M. R., & Thomas, G. D. (2012). Gender and binegativity: men's and women's attitudes toward male and female bisexuals. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(3), 691–702.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.