1,022
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

To Dissociate or Suppress? Predicting Automatic vs. Conscious Cognitive Avoidance

&
Pages 444-457 | Received 05 Dec 2008, Accepted 29 Jul 2009, Published online: 11 Oct 2010

REFERENCES

  • Andreassi , J. L. 2006 . Psychophysiology: Human behavior and physiological response , 5th , Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Beck , A. T. , Brown , G. and Steer , R. A. 1996 . Beck Depression Inventory II manual , San Antonio, TX : Psychological Corporation .
  • Bernat , J. A. , Ronfeldt , H. M. , Calhoun , K. S. and Arias , I. 1998 . Prevalence of traumatic events and peritraumatic predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms in a nonclinical sample of college students . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 11 : 645 – 664 .
  • Brewin , C. , Dalgleish , T. and Joseph , S. 1996 . A dual representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder . Psychological Review , 103 ( 4 ) : 670 – 686 .
  • Cardeña , E. 1994 . “ The domain of dissociation ” . In Dissociation: Clinical and theoretical perspectives , Edited by: Lynn , S. J. and Rhue , J. W. 15 – 31 . New York, NY : Guilford Press .
  • Cross , M. R. and McCanne , T. R. 2001 . Validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder in college-age women . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 14 : 135 – 147 .
  • Ehlers , A. , Mayou , R. A. and Bryant , B. 1998 . Psychological predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 107 : 508 – 519 .
  • Finkelhor , D. 1979 . Sexually victimized children , New York, NY : Free Press .
  • Foa , E. , Huppert , J. and Cahill , S. 2006 . “ Emotional processing theory: An update ” . In Pathological anxiety: Emotional processing in etiology and treatment , Edited by: Rothbaum , B. O. 3 – 24 . New York, NY : Guilford Press .
  • Fowles , D. 1980 . The three arousal model: Implications of Gray's two-factor learning theory for heart rate, electrodermal activity, and psychopathy . Psychophysiology , 17 : 87 – 104 .
  • Francia-Martínez , M. , de Torres , I. R. , Alvarado , C. S. , Martínez-Taboas , A. and Sayers , S. 2003 . Dissociation, depression, and trauma in psychiatric inpatients in Puerto Rico . Journal of Trauma & Dissociation , 4 : 47 – 61 .
  • Giesbrecht , T. , Merckelbach , H. , ter Burg , L. , Cima , M. and Simeon , D. 2008 . Acute dissociation predicts rapid habituation of skin conductance responses to aversive auditory probes . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 21 : 247 – 250 .
  • Griffin , M. G. , Resick , P. A. and Mechanic , M. B. 1997 . Objective assessment of peritraumatic dissociation: Psychophysiological indicators . American Journal of Psychiatry , 154 : 1081 – 1088 .
  • Gross , J. J. and Levenson , R. W. 1993 . Emotional suppression: Physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 64 : 970 – 986 .
  • Hayes , S. C. , Strosahl , K. D. and Wilson , K. G. 1999 . Acceptance and commitment therapy , New York, NY : Guilford Press .
  • Hetzel-Riggin , M. D. 2006 . The relationship between peritraumatic dissociation, the pattern of PTSD symptom development, and physiological reactivity in women sexually assaulted as adults . Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering , 66 ( 8-B )
  • Hock , M. and Krohne , H. 2004 . Coping with threat and memory for ambiguous information: Testing the repressive discontinuity hypothesis . Emotion , 4 : 65 – 86 .
  • Keane , T. M. , Marshall , A. D. and Taft , C. T. 1996 . Posttraumatic stress disorder: Etiology, epidemiology, and treatment outcome . Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , 2 : 161 – 197 .
  • King , D. W. , Leskin , G. A. , King , L. A. and Weathers , F. W. 1998 . Confirmatory factor analysis of the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale: Evidence for the dimensionality of posttraumatic stress disorder . Psychological Assessment , 10 : 90 – 96 .
  • Krohne , H. 1993 . “ Vigilance and cognitive avoidance as concepts in coping research ” . In Attention and avoidance: Strategies in coping with aversiveness , 19 – 50 . Ashland, OH : Hogrefe & Huber .
  • Lang , P. J. , Levin , D. N. , Miller , G. A. and Kozak , M. J. 1983 . Fear behavior, fear imagery, and the psychophysiology of emotion: The problem of affective response integration . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 92 : 276 – 306 .
  • Littleton , H. and Breitkopf , C. R. 2006 . Coping with the experience of rape . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 30 : 106 – 116 .
  • Lynch , T. R. , Cheavens , J. S. , Morse , J. Q. and Rosenthal , M. Z. 2004 . A model predicting suicidal ideation and hopelessness in depressed older adults: The impact of emotion inhibition and affect intensity . Aging and Mental Health , 8 : 486 – 497 .
  • Marmar , C. R. , Weiss , D. S. , Schlenger , W. E. , Fairbank , J. A. , Jordan , B. K. , Kulka , R. A. and Hough , R. L. 1994 . Peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress in male Vietnam theater veterans . American Journal of Psychiatry , 151 : 902 – 907 .
  • Marshall , G. N. and Schell , T. L. 2002 . Reappraising the link between peritraumatic dissociation and PTSD symptom severity: Evidence from a longitudinal study of community violence survivors . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 111 : 626 – 636 .
  • Muris , P. , Merckelbach , H. and Horselenberg , R. 1996 . Individual differences in thought suppression. The White Bear Inventory: Factor structure, reliability, validity and correlates . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 34 : 501 – 513 .
  • Nabiloff , B. D. , Benton , D. and Solomon , G. F. 1991 . Immunological changes in young and old adults during brief laboratory stress . Psychosomatic Medicine , 53 : 121 – 132 .
  • Orr , S. P. 1997 . “ Psychophysiologic reactivity to trauma-related imagery in PTSD: Diagnostic and theoretical implications of recent findings ” . In Psychobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder , Edited by: Yehuda , R. and McFarlane , A. C. 114 – 124 . New York, NY : New York Academy of Sciences .
  • Ozer , E. J. , Best , S. R. , Lipsey , T. L. and Weiss , D. S. 2003 . Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis . Psychological Bulletin , 129 : 52 – 73 .
  • Pennebaker , J. and Chew , C. 1985 . Behavioral inhibition and electrodermal activity during deception . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 49 : 1427 – 1433 .
  • Venables , P. H. and Christie , M. J. 1980 . “ Electrodermal activity ” . In Techniques in psychophysiology , Edited by: Martin , I. and Venables , P.H. 3 – 27 . Chichester, England : Wiley .
  • Wegner , D. M. and Erber , R. 1992 . The hyperaccessibility of suppressed thoughts . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 63 : 903 – 912 .
  • Wegner , D. M. and Zanakos , S. 1994 . Chronic thought suppression . Journal of Personality , 62 : 615 – 640 .
  • Wenzlaff , R. M. and Bates , D. E. 2000 . The relative efficacy of concentration and suppression strategies of mental control . Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin , 26 : 1200 – 1212 .
  • Wenzlaff , R. and Wegner , D. 2000 . Thought suppression . Annual Review of Psychology , 51 : 59 – 91 .
  • Wise , T. , Mann , L. and Sheridan , M. 2000 . Relationship between alexithymia, dissociation and personality in psychiatric outpatients . Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , 69 : 123 – 127 .
  • Wittmann , L. , Moergeli , H. and Schnyder , U. 2006 . Low predictive power of peritraumatic dissociation for PTSD symptoms in accident survivors . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 19 : 639 – 651 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.