Symptom Patterns in Dissociative Identity Disorder Patients and the General Population

REFERENCES

• American Psychiatric Association . 1980 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 3rd , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . 2000 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th , Washington, DC : Author . text rev
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein , E. M. and Putnam , F. W. 1986 . Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 174 : 727 – 735 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner , J. D. and Marmar , C. R. 1998 . Trauma, memory and dissociation , Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carlson , E. B. , Putnam , F. W. , Ross , C. A. , Torem , M. , Coons , P. , Bowman , E. S. and Braun , B. G. 1993 . Predictive validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale . American Journal of Psychiatry , 150 : 1030 – 1036 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu , J. A. 1998 . Rebuilding shattered lives: The responsible treatment of complex post-traumatic and dissociative disorders , New York, NY : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , L. , Berzoff , J. and Elin , M. 1995 . Dissociative identity disorder: Theoretical and treatment controversies , Northvale, NJ : Jason Aronson .
   Google Scholar
• Dell , P. F. 2002 . Dissociative phenomenology of dissociative identity disorder . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 190 : 10 – 15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dell , P. F. and O'Neil , J. A. 2009 . Dissociation and the dissociative disorders: DSM-V and beyond , New York, NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Ellason , J. W. and Ross , C. A. 1997 . Two-year follow-up of inpatients with dissociative identity disorder . American Journal of Psychiatry , 154 : 832 – 839 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellason , J. W. , Ross , C. A. and Fuchs , D. L. 1996 . Lifetime Axis I and II comorbidity and childhood trauma history in dissociative identity disorder . Psychiatry , 59 : 255 – 261 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gleaves , D. H. , May , M. C. and Cardena , E. 2001 . An examination of the diagnostic validity of dissociative identity disorder . Clinical Psychology Review , 21 : 577 – 608 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michelson , L. K. and Ray , W. J. 1996 . Handbook of dissociation: Theoretical, empirical, and clinical perspectives , New York, NY : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Piper , A. and Merskey , H. 2004a . The persistence of folly: A critical examination of dissociative identity disorder. Part I. The excesses of an improbable concept . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 49 : 592 – 600 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piper , A. and Merskey , H. 2004b . The persistence of folly: A critical examination of dissociative identity disorder. Part II. The defence and decline of multiple personality or dissociative identity disorder . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 49 : 678 – 683 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam , F. W. 1989 . Diagnosis and treatment of multiple personality disorder , New York, NY : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. 1991 . Epidemiology of multiple personality and dissociation . Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 14 : 503 – 517 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. 1997 . Dissociative identity disorder: Diagnosis, clinical features, and treatment of multiple personality , 2nd , New York, NY : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. 2004 . Schizophrenia: Innovations in diagnosis and treatment , New York, NY : Haworth Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. 2007 . The trauma model: A solution to the problem of comorbidity in psychiatry , Richardson, TX : Manitou Communications .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. 2009 . Errors of logic and scholarship concerning dissociative identity disorder . Journal of Child Sexual Abuse , 18 : 221 – 231 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. , Duffy , C. M. M. and Ellason , J. W. 2002 . Prevalence, reliability, and validity of dissociative disorders in an inpatient setting . Journal of Trauma & Dissociation , 3 ( 1 ) : 7 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. and Ellason , J. W. 2005 . Discriminating among diagnostic categories using the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule . Psychological Reports , 96 : 445 – 453 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. and Joshi , S. 1992a . Paranormal experiences in the general population . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 180 : 357 – 361 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. and Joshi , S. 1992b . Schneiderian symptoms and childhood trauma in the general population . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 33 : 269 – 273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. , Joshi , S. and Currie , R. P. 1990 . Dissociative experiences in the general population . American Journal of Psychiatry , 147 : 1547 – 1552 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. , Keyes , B. , Xiao , Z. , Yan , H. , Wang , Z. , Zou , Z. and Chen , J. 2008 . A cross-cultural test of the trauma model of dissociation . Journal of Trauma & Dissociation , 9 : 35 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. , Miller , S. D. , Reagor , P. , Bjornson , L. , Fraser , G. A. and Anderson , G. 1990 . Structured interview data on 102 cases of multiple personality disorder from four centers . American Journal of Psychiatry , 147 : 596 – 601 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sack , M. , Lahmann , C. , Jaeger , B. and Hennington , P. 2007 . Trauma prevalence and somatoform symptoms: Are there specific somatoform symptoms related to traumatic experiences? . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 195 : 928 – 933 .
   Google Scholar
• Sar , V. and Ross , C. A. 2009 . “ A research agenda for the dissociative disorders field ” . In Dissociation and the dissociative disorders: DSM–V and beyond , Edited by: Dell , P. F. and ’Neil , J. A. O . 693 – 708 . New York, NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Spanos , N. P. 1996 . Multiple identities and false memories: A sociocognitive perspective , Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg , M. 1995 . Handbook for the assessment of dissociation , Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press .
   Google Scholar
• van der Hart , O. , Nijenhuis , E. R. S. and Steele , K. 2006 . The haunted self: Structural dissociation and the treatment of chronic traumatization , New York, NY : Norton .
   Google Scholar
• van IJzendoorn , M. H. and Schuengel , C. 1996 . The measurement of dissociation in normal and clinical populations: Meta-analytic review of the Dissociative Experiences Scale . Clinical Psychology Review , 16 : 365 – 382 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waller , N. G. , Putnam , F. W. and Carlson , E. B. 1996 . The types of dissociation and dissociative types: A taxometric analysis of dissociative experiences . Psychological Methods , 1 : 300 – 321 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waller , N. G. and Ross , C. A. 1997 . The prevalence and biometric structure of pathological dissociation in the general population: Taxometric structure and behavior genetic findings . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 106 : 499 – 510 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao , Z. , Yan , H. , Wang , Z. , Zou , Z. , Xu , Y. , Chen , J. and Keyes , B. 2006 . Trauma and dissociation in China . American Journal of Psychiatry , 163 : 1 – 4 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar