Predicting Stabilizing Treatment Outcomes for Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Dissociative Identity Disorder: An Expertise-Based Prognostic Model

REFERENCES

• Altman , D. G. and Royston , P. 2000 . What do we mean by validating a prognostic model? . Statistics in Medicine , 19 : 453 – 473 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Anda , R. F. , Felitti , V. J. , Bremner , J. D. , Walker , J. D. , Whitfield , C. and Perry , B. D. 2006 . The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood: A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology . European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience , 256 : 174 – 186 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boon , S. 1997 . The treatment of traumatic memories in DID: Indications and contra-indications . Dissociation , 10 : 65 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Boon , S. and Draijer , N. 1993 . Multiple personality disorder in The Netherlands: A clinical investigation of 71 patients . American Journal of Psychiatry , 150 : 489 – 494 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boon , S. and Van der Hart , O. 1996 . Stabilisatie en symptoomreductie in de behandeling van patiënten met een meervoudige persoonlijkheidsstoornis [Stabilization and symptom reduction in the treatment of patients with a multiple personality disorder] . Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie , 38 : 159 – 171 .
   Google Scholar
• Brand , B. L. , Classen , C. C. , Zaveri , P. and McNary , S. 2009 . A review of dissociative disorders treatment studies . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 197 : 646 – 654 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner , J. D. , Southwick , S. M. , Johnson , D. R. , Yehuda , R. and Charney , D. S. 1993 . Childhood physical abuse and combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans . American Journal of Psychiatry , 150 : 235 – 239 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , D. P. , Scheflin , A. W. and Hammond , D. C. 1998 . Memory, trauma, treatment and the law , New York, NY : Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Chu , J. A. 1998 . Rebuilding shattered lives: The responsible treatment of complex post-traumatic and dissociative disorders , New York, NY : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Cloitre , M. , Koenen , K. C. , Cohen , L. R. and Han , H. 2002 . Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: A phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 70 : 1067 – 1074 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtois , C. 1999 . Recollections of sexual abuse: Treatment principles and guidelines , New York, NY : Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Ehlers , A. , Clark , D. M. , Dunmore , E. , Jaycox , L. H. , Meadows , E. A. and Foa , E. B. 1998 . Predicting response to exposure treatment in PTSD: The role of mental defeat and alienation . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 11 : 457 – 471 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa , E. B. , Cashman , L. , Jaycox , L. H. and Perry , K. J. 1997 . The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale . Psychological Assessment , 9 : 445 – 451 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa , E. B. , Riggs , D. S. , Massie , E. D. and Yarczower , M. 1995 . The impact of fear activation and anger on the efficacy of exposure treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder . Behavior Therapy , 26 : 487 – 499 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford , J. D. and Kidd , P. 1998 . Early childhood trauma and disorders of extreme stress as predictors of treatment outcome with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 11 : 743 – 759 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman , J. L. 1992 . Trauma and recovery , New York, NY : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Herman , J. L. , Perry , J. C. and Van der Kolk , B. A. 1989 . Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder . American Journal of Psychiatry , 146 : 490 – 495 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herzog , D. B. , Staley , J. E. , Carmody , S. , Robbins , W. M. and Van der Kolk , B. A. 1993 . Childhood sexual abuse in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A pilot study . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 32 : 962 – 966 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horevitz , R. and Loewenstein , R. J. 1994 . “ The rational treatment of multiple personality disorder ” . In Dissociation: Clinical and theoretical perspectives , Edited by: Lynn , S. J. and Rhue , J. W. 289 – 316 . New York, NY : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kluft , R. P. 1994 . Treatment trajectories in multiple personality disorder . Dissociation , 1 : 63 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Kluft , R. P. 1997 . On the treatment of traumatic memories: Always? Never? Sometimes? Now? Later? . Dissociation , 10 : 80 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• MacMillan , H. L. , Fleming , J. E. , Streiner , D. L. , Lin , E. , Boyle , M. H. , Jamieson , E. and Beardslee , W. R. 2001 . Childhood abuse and lifelong psychopathology in a community sample . American Journal of Psychiatry , 158 : 1878 – 1883 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKee , M. , Britton , A. , Black , N. , McPherson , K. , Sanderson , C. and Bain , C. 1999 . Methods in health services research: Interpreting the evidence: Choosing between randomised and non-randomised studies . British Medical Journal , 319 : 312 – 315 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nederlands Centrum Geestelijke Volksgezondheid . 1995 . Handboek Concept Mapping met Ariadne [Handbook concept mapping with Ariadne] , Utrecht, , The Netherlands : Author/Talbott .
   Google Scholar
• Ogata , S. N. , Silk , K. R. , Goodrich , S. , Lohr , N. E. , Westen , D. and Hill , E. M. 1990 . Childhood sexual and physical abuse in adult patients with borderline personality disorder . American Journal of Psychiatry , 147 : 1008 – 1013 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelcovitz , D. , Van der Kolk , B. A. , Roth , S. H. , Mandel , F. S. , Kaplan , S. J. and Resick , P. A. 1997 . Development of a criteria set and a structured interview for disorders of extreme stress (SIDES) . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 10 : 3 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam , F. Dissociation in MPD: An update on progress and developments . Presentation at the Fifth Regional Conference on Multiple Personality and Dissociation . Akron, OH.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , F. W. 2003 . Ten-year research update review: Child sexual abuse . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 42 : 269 – 278 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. , Miller , S. D. , Bjornson , L. , Reagor , P. , Fraser , G. A. and Anderson , G. 1991 . Abuse histories in 102 cases of multiple personality disorder . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 36 : 97 – 101 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. , Norton , G. R. and Wozney , K. 1989 . Multiple personality disorder: An analysis of 236 cases . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 34 : 413 – 418 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth , S. , Newman , E. , Pelcovitz , D. , Van der Kolk , B. A. and Mandel , F. S. 1997 . Complex PTSD in victims exposed to sexual and physical abuse: Results from the DSM–IV Field Trial for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 10 : 539 – 556 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxe , G. N. , Chinman , G. , Berkowitz , R. , Hall , K. , Lieberg , G. , Schwartz , J. and van der Kolk , B. A. 1994 . Somatization in patients with dissociative disorders . American Journal of Psychiatry , 151 : 1329 – 1334 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon , R. I. 1999 . Chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: A review and checklist of factors influencing prognosis . Harvard Review of Psychiatry , 6 : 304 – 312 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Springer , K. W. , Sheridan , J. , Kuo , D. and Carnes , M. 2007 . Long-term physical and mental health consequences of childhood physical abuse: Results from a large population-based sample of men and women . Child Abuse & Neglect , 31 : 517 – 530 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teicher , M. H. , Andersen , S. L. , Polcari , A. , Anderson , C. M. and Navalta , C. P. 2002 . Developmental neurobiology of childhood stress and trauma . Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 25 : 397 – 426 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trochim , W. M. K. 1989 . An introduction to concept mapping for planning and evaluation . Evaluation and Program Planning , 12 : 1 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trochim , W. and Kane , M. 2005 . Concept mapping: An introduction to structured conceptualization in health care . International Journal for Quality in Health Care , 17 : 187 – 191 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Hart , O. , Brown , P. and Van der Kolk , B. A. 1989 . Pierre Janet's psychological treatment of posttraumatic stress . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 2 : 379 – 395 .
   Google Scholar
• Van der Hart , O. , Nijenhuis , E. R. S. and Steele , K. 2006 . The haunted self: Structural dissociation and the treatment of chronic traumatization , New York, NY : Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Widom , C. S. 1999 . Childhood victimization and the development of personality disorders: Unanswered questions remain . Archives of General Psychiatry , 56 : 607 – 608 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar