1,139
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Associations between nonauditory hallucinations, dissociation, and childhood adversity in first-episode psychosis

, PhD, , MRCPsych & , PhD
Pages 545-560 | Received 13 Oct 2015, Accepted 01 Feb 2016, Published online: 13 Jun 2016

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Barker-Collo, S., & Read, J. (2003). Models of response to childhood sexual abuse: Their implications for treatment. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 4(2), 95–111. doi:10.1177/1524838002250760
  • Bendixen, M., & Olweus, D. (1999). Measurement of antisocial behaviour in early adolescence and adolescence: Psychometric properties and substantive findings. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 9(4), 323–354. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1471-2857
  • Bentall, R. P. (2004). Madness explained: Psychosis and human nature. London, UK: Penguin.
  • Bentall, R. P., Wickham, S., Shevlin, M., & Varese, F. (2012). Do specific early-life adversities lead to specific symptoms of psychosis? A study from the 2007 the adult psychiatric morbidity survey. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 38(4), 734–740. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs049
  • Boysan, M., Goldsmith, R. E., Cavus, H., Kayri, M., & Keskin, S. (2009). Relations among anxiety, depression, and dissociative symptoms: The influence of abuse subtype. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 10(1), 83–101. doi:10.1080/15299730802485185
  • British Psychological Society. (2011). Good practice guidelines on the use of psychological formulation. Leicester, UK: Author.
  • Carlson, E. B., & Putnam, F. W. (1993). An update on the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Dissociation, 6(1), 16–27.
  • Connolly, F. H., & Gittleson, N. L. (1971). The relationship between delusions of sexual change and olfactory and gustatory hallucinations in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 119(551), 443–444. doi:10.1192/bjp.119.551.443
  • Corstens, D., & Longden, E. (2013). The origins of voices: Links between voice hearing and life history in a survey of 100 cases. Psychosis: Psychological, Social and Integrative Approaches, 5(3), 270–285. doi:10.1080/17522439.2013.816337
  • David, C. N., Greenstein, D., Clasen, L., Gochman, P., Miller, R., Tossell, J. W., & Rapoport, J. L. (2011). Childhood onset schizophrenia: High rate of visual hallucinations. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(7), 681–686. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.03.020
  • Department for Communities and Local Government. (2011). The English indices of deprivation 2010. London, UK: Author.
  • Dorahy, M. J., Shannon, C., Seagar, L., Corr, M., Stewart, K., Hanna, D., & Middleton, W. (2009). Auditory hallucinations in dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia with and without a childhood trauma history: Similarities and differences. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197(12), 892–898. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181c299ea
  • Dudley, R., Collerton, D., Nicholson, M., & Mosimann, U. (2013). Clinical characteristics of disclosed visual hallucinations in users of an early intervention in psychosis service. Psychosis: Psychological, Social and Integrative Approaches, 5(2), 127–133. doi:10.1080/17522439.2012.699543
  • Freeman, D., & Fowler, D. (2009). Routes to psychotic symptoms: Trauma, anxiety and psychosis-like experiences. Psychiatry Research, 169(2), 107–112. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.07.009
  • Frischholz, E. J., Braun, B. G., Sachs, R. G., & Hopkins, L. (1990). The Dissociative Experiences Scale: Further replication and validation. Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders, 3(3), 151–153.
  • Glicksohn, J., & Barrett, T. R. (2003). Absorption and hallucinatory experience. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17(7), 833–849. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0720
  • Gloster, A. T., Rhoades, H. M., Novy, D., Klotsche, J., Senior, A., Kunik, M., … Stanley, M. A. (2008). Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 in older primary care patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 110(3), 248–259. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.01.023
  • Gomez, J. M., Kaehler, L. A., & Freyd, J. J. (2014). Are hallucinations related to betrayal trauma exposure? A three-study exploration. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, & Policy, 6(6), 675–682. doi:10.1037/a0037084
  • Hardy, A., Fowler, D., Freeman, D., Smith, B., Steel, C., Evans, J., & Dunn, G. (2005). Trauma and hallucinatory experience in psychosis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193(8), 501–507. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000172480.56308.21
  • Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2005). The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), 227–239. doi:10.1348/014466505X29657
  • Huppert, J. D., Smith, T. E., & Apfeldorf, W. J. (2002). Use of self-report measures of anxiety and depression in outpatients with schizophrenia: Reliability and validity. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24(4), 275–283. doi:10.1023/A:1020783101092
  • Johns, L., Kompus, K., Connell, M., Humpston, C., Lincoln, T., Longden, E., & Larøi, F. (2014). Auditory verbal hallucinations in persons with and without a need for care. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40(S4), S255–S264. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu005
  • Kilcommons, A., & Morrison, A. P. (2005). Relationships between trauma and psychosis: An exploration of cognitive and dissociative factors. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 112(5), 351–359. doi:10.1111/acp.2005.112.issue-5
  • Kilcommons, A., Morrison, A. P., Knight, A., & Lobban, F. (2008). Psychotic experiences in people who have been sexually assaulted. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(8), 602–611. doi:10.1007/s00127-007-0303-z
  • Kimerling, R., Calhoun, K. S., Forehand, R., Armistead, L., Morse, E., Morse, P., & Clark, L. (1999). Traumatic stress in HIV-infected women. AIDS Education and Prevention, 11(4), 321–330.
  • Lewandowski, K. E., DePaola, J., Camsari, G. B., Cohen, B. M., & Ongur, D. (2009). Tactile, olfactory, and gustatory hallucinations in psychotic disorders: A descriptive study. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 38(5), 383–385.
  • Longden, E., Madill, A., & Waterman, M. G. (2012). Dissociation, trauma, and the role of lived experience: Toward a new conceptualization of voice hearing. Psychological Bulletin, 138(1), 28–76. doi:10.1037/a0025995
  • Longden, E., Sampson, M., & Read, J. (2015). Childhood adversity and psychosis: Generalised or specific effects? Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. Advance online publication. doi:10.1017/S204579601500044X
  • Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Sydney, Australia: Psychology Foundation.
  • McHugo, G. J., Caspi, Y., Kammerer, N., Mazelis, R., Jackson, E. W., Russell, L., & Kimerling, R. (2005). The assessment of trauma history in women with co-occurring substance abuse and mental disorders and a history of interpersonal violence. Journal of Behavioural Health Services and Research, 32(2), 113–127. doi:10.1007/BF02287261
  • Morgan, C., Reininghaus, U., Reichenberg, A., Frissa, S., Hotopf, M., & Hatch, S. L. (2014). Adversity, cannabis use and psychotic experiences: Evidence of cumulative and synergistic effects. British Journal of Psychiatry, 204, 346–353. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.134452
  • Morrison, A. P. (1998). A cognitive analysis of the maintenance of auditory hallucinations: Are voices to schizophrenia what bodily sensations are to panic? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 26(4), 289–302.
  • Morrison, T., & Petersen, T. (2003). Trauma, metacognition and predisposition to hallucinations in non-patients. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31(3), 235–246. doi:10.1017/S1352465803003011
  • Moskowitz, A., & Corstens, D. (2008). Auditory hallucinations: Psychotic symptom or dissociative experience? Journal of Psychological Trauma, 6, 35–63. doi:10.1300/J513v06n02_04
  • Nayani, T. H., & David, A. S. (1996). The auditory hallucination: A phenomenological survey. Psychological Medicine, 26(01), 177–189. doi:10.1017/S003329170003381X
  • Ng, F., Trauer, T., Dodd, S., Callaly, T., Campbell, S., & Berk, M. (2007). The validity of the 21-item version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) as a routine clinical outcome measure. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 19(5), 304–310. doi:10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007.00217.x
  • Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school: Basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(7), 1171–1190. doi:10.1111/jcpp.1994.35.issue-7
  • Olweus, D. (1996). The revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Bergen, Norway: University of Bergen, Research Center for Health Promotion (HEMIL Center).
  • Paolo, A. M., Ryan, J. J., Dunn, G. E., & Van Fleet, J. (1993). Reading level of the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(2), 209–211. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4679
  • Penza, K. M., Heim, C., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2003). Neurobiological effects of childhood abuse: Implications for the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 6(1), 15–22. doi:10.1007/s00737-002-0159-x
  • Perona-Garcelán, S., Carrascoso-López, F., García-Montes, J. M., Ductor-Recuerda, M. J., López-Jiménez, A. M., Vallina-Fernández, O., & Gómez-Gómez, M. T. (2012). Dissociative experiences as mediators between childhood trauma and auditory hallucinations. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 25(3), 1–7. doi:10.1002/jts.21693
  • Perona-Garcelán, S., García-Montes, J. M., Ductor-Recuerda, M. J., Vallina-Fernández, O., Cuevas-Yust, C., Pérez-Álvarez, M., & Gómez-Gómez, M. T. (2011). Relationship of metacognition, absorption, and depersonalization in patients with auditory hallucinations. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(1), 100–118. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02015.x
  • Pilton, M., Varese, F., Berry, K., & Bucci, S. (2015). The relationship between dissociation and voices: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 138–155. Advance online publication. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.004
  • Read, J., Agar, K., Argyle, N., & Aderhold, V. (2003). Sexual and physical abuse during childhood and adulthood as predictors of hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research Practice, 76(1), 1–22. doi:10.1348/14760830260569210
  • Read, J., & Argyle, N. (1999). Hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder among adult psychiatric inpatients with a history of child abuse. Psychiatric Services, 50(11), 1467–1472. doi:10.1176/ps.50.11.1467
  • Read, J., Hammersley, P., & Rudegeair, T. (2007). Why, when and how to ask about child abuse. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 13(2), 101–110. doi:10.1192/apt.bp.106.002840
  • Romme, M., & Escher, S. (1989). Hearing voices. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 15(2), 209–216. doi:10.1093/schbul/15.2.209
  • Sheffield, J. M., Williams, L. E., Blackford, J. U., & Heckers, S. (2013). Childhood sexual abuse increases risk of auditory hallucinations in psychotic disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54(7), 1098–1104. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.05.013
  • Shevlin, M., McAnee, G., Bentall, R. P., & Murphy, J. (2015). Specificity of association between adversities and the occurrence and co-occurrence paranoia and hallucinations: Evaluating the stability of childhood risk in an adverse adult environment. Psychosis: Psychological, Social and Integrative Approaches, 7(3), 206–216. doi:10.1080/17522439.2014.980308
  • Shevlin, M., Murphy, J., Read, J., Mallett, J., Adamson, G., & Houston, J. E. (2011). Childhood adversity and hallucinations: A community-based study using the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 46(12), 1203–1210. doi:10.1007/s00127-010-0296-x
  • Sitko, K., Bentall, R. P., Shevlin, M., & Sellwood, W. (2014). Associations between specific psychotic symptoms and specific childhood adversities are mediated by attachment styles: An analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey. Psychiatric Research, 217(3), 202–209. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.019
  • Slade, P. D., & Bentall, R. P. (1988). Sensory deception: A scientific analysis of hallucinations. London, UK: Croom Helm.
  • Small, I. F., Small, J. G., & Andersen, J. M. (1966). Clinical characteristics of hallucinations of schizophrenia. Diseases of the Nervous System, 27(5), 349–353.
  • Steinberg, M., & Siegal, H. (2008). Advances in assessment: The differential diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia. In A. Moskowitz, I. Schäfer, & M. J. Dorahy (Eds.), Psychosis, trauma and dissociation: Emerging perspectives on severe psychopathology (pp. 177–189). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Stoltenborgh, M., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Euser, E. M., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2011). A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreatment, 16(2), 79–101. doi:10.1177/1077559511403920
  • Thompson, A., Nelson, B., McNab, C., Simmons, M., Leicester, S., McGorry, P., & Yung, A. R. (2010). Psychotic symptoms with sexual content in the “ultra high risk” for psychosis population: Frequency and association with sexual trauma. Psychiatry Research, 177(1–2), 84–91. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.02.011
  • Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Schuengel, C. (1996). The measurement of dissociation in normal and clinical populations: Meta-analytic validation of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). Clinical Psychology Review, 16(5), 365–382. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(96)00006-2
  • Van Nierop, M., Lataster, T., Smeets, F., Gunther, N., Van Zelst, C., Ten Have, M., & Van Winkel, R. (2014). Psychopathological mechanisms linking childhood traumatic experiences to risk of psychotic symptoms: Analysis of a large, representative population-based sample. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40(S2), S123–S130. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt150
  • Varese, F., Smeets, F., Drukker, M., Lieverse, R., Lataster, T., Viechtbauer, W., & Bentall, R. P. (2012). Childhood trauma increases the risk of psychosis: A meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective- and cross sectional cohort studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 38(4), 661–671. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs050
  • Wolfe, J., & Kimerling, R. (1997). Gender issues in the assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder. In J. Wilson & T. Keane (Eds.), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD (pp. 565–599). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Wolfe, J., Kimerling, R., Brown, P., Chrestman, K., & Levin, K. (1996). Psychometric review of the Life Stressor Checklist–Revised. In B. H. Stamm (Ed.), Measurement of stress, trauma, and adaptation (pp. 198–201). Lutherville, MD: Sidran Press.
  • Wyatt, G. E. (1992). The sociocultural context of African American and European women’s rape. Journal of Social Issues, 48(1), 77–91. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb01158.x
  • Yoshizumi, T., Murase, S., Honjo, S., Kanedo, H., & Murakami, T. (2004). Hallucinatory experiences in a community sample of Japanese children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(8), 1030–1036. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000126937.44875.6b

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.