2,274
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Depersonalization, adversity, emotionality, and coping with stressful situations

, PsyD & , PhD
Pages 143-161 | Received 03 Sep 2016, Accepted 17 Mar 2017, Published online: 29 Jun 2017

References

  • Aberibigbe, Y. A., Bloch, R. M., & Walker, W. R. (2001). Prevalence of depersonalization and derealization experiences in a rural population. Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36, 63–69. doi:10.1007/s001270050291
  • Ackerman, C. M. (2009). The essential elements of Dabrowski’s theory of positive disintegration and how they are connected. Roeper Review, 31 (2), 81–95. doi:10.1080/02783190902737657
  • Alias, A., Rahman, S., Majid, R. A., & Yassin, S. F. M. (2013). Dabrowski’s overexcitabilities profile among gifted students. Asian Social Science, 9 (16), 120–125. doi:10.5539/ass.v9n16p120
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Aponte-Soto, M. R., Velez-Patrana, M., Martinez-Taboas, A., & Gonzalez, R. A. (2014). Psychometric properties of the Cambridge depersonalization scale in Puerto Rico. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 15, 348–363. doi:10.1080/15299732.2013.856370
  • Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893–897. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893
  • Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1990). Manual for the beck anxiety inventory. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  • Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., & Mason, E. A. (2012). Construct validity of three depersonalization measures in trauma-exposed college students. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 13 (5), 539–553. doi:10.1080/15299732.2012.678470
  • Bob, P., Fedor-Freybergh, P., Jasova, D., Bizik, G., Susta, M., Pavlat, J., … Raboch, J. (2008). Dissociative symptoms and neuroendocrine dysregulation in depression. Medical Science Monitor, 14 (10), CR499– 504.
  • Bouchet, N., & Falk, R. F. (2001). The relationship among giftedness, gender, and overexcitability. Gifted Child Quarterly, 45 (4), 260–267. doi:10.1177/001698620104500404
  • Briere, J. (2002). Multiscale dissociation inventory professional manual. Odessa, Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Briere, J., Weathers, F. W., & Runtz, M. (2005). Is dissociation a multidimensional construct? Data from the multiscale dissociation inventory. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18 (3), 221–231. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1573-6598
  • Carlson, E. B., & Putnam, F. W. (1992). Manual for the Dissociative Experiences Scale ( Unpublished psychological manual). Beloit College, Wisconsin.
  • Carlson, E. B., Putnam, F. W., Ross, C. A., Torem, M., Coons, P., Dill, D. L., … Braun, B. G. (1993). Validity of the dissociative experiences scale in screening for multiple personality disorder: A multicenter study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1030–1036. doi:10.1176/ajp.150.7.1030
  • Cosway, R., Endler, N. S., Sadler, A. J., & Deary, I. J. (2000). The coping inventory for stressful situations: Factorial structure and associations with personality traits and psychological health. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 5 (2), 121–143. doi:10.1111/jabr.2000.5.issue-2
  • Deary, I.J. 1., Blenkin, H., Agius, R.M., Endler, N.S., Zealley, H., & Wood, R. (1996).Models of job-related stress and personal achievement among consultant doctors. British Journal of Psychology, 87(Pt 1), 3–29.
  • de Ayala, R. J., Vonderharr-Carlson, D. J., & Kim, D. (2005). Assessing the reliability of the Beck Anxiety Inventory scores. Educational and Psychological Measurements, 65, 742–756. doi:10.1177/0013164405278557
  • Endler, N. S., & Parker, J. D. A. (1990). Coping inventory for stressful situations: Manual (2nd ed.). Toronto, CAN: Multi-Health Systems.
  • Endler, N. S., & Parker, J. D. A. (1994). Assessment of multidimensional coping: Task, emotion, and avoidance strategies. Psychological Assessment, 6, 50–60. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.6.1.50
  • Falk, R. F., Lind, S., Miller, N. B., Piechowski, M. M., & Silverman, L. K. (1999). The overexcitability questionnaire – two (OEQII): Manual scoring system and questionnaire. Denver, CO: Institute for the Study of Advanced Development.
  • Felitti, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2010). The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to adult medical disease, psychiatric disorders and sexual behavior: Implications for healthcare. In R. A. Lanius, E. Vermetten, & C. Pain (Eds.), The impact of early life trauma on health and disease: The hidden epidemic (pp. 77–87). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fydrich, T., Dowdall, D., & Chambless, D. L. (1992). Reliability and validity of the beck anxiety inventory. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 6 (1), 55–61. doi:10.1016/0887-6185(92)90026-4
  • Giesbrecht, T., Smeets, T., Merckelbach, H., & Marko, J. (2007). Depersonalization experiences in undergraduates are related to heightened stress cortisol responses. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195 (4), 282–287. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000253833.60618.60
  • Hunter, E. C. M., Phillips, M. L., Chalder, T., Sierra, M., & David, A. S. (2003). Depersonalization disorder: A cognitive-behavioural conceptualization. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1451–1467. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00066-4
  • Hunter, E. C. M., Sierra, M., & David, S. A. (2004). The epidemiology of depersonalization and derealization: A systematic review. Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39, 9–18. doi:10.1007/s00127-004-0701-4
  • Lambert, M. V., Sierra, M., Phillips, M. L., & David, A. S. (2002). The spectrum of organic depersonalization: A review plus four cases. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 14, 141–154. doi:10.1176/jnp.14.2.141
  • Lauterbach, D., & Vrana, S. (2001). The relationship among personality variables, exposure to traumatic events and severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 29–38. doi:10.1023/A:1007831430706
  • Lee, W. E., Kwok, C. H. T., Hunter, E. C. M., Richards, M., & David, A. S. (2012). Prevalence and childhood antecedents of depersonalization syndrome in a UK birth cohort. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47, 253–261. doi:10.1007/s00127-010-0327-7
  • Leyfer, O. T., Ruberg, J. L., & Woodruff-Borden, J. (2006). Examination of the utility of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and its factors as a screener for anxiety disorder. Anxiety Disorders, 20, 444–458. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.05.004
  • McWilliams, L. A., Cox, B. J., & Enns, M. (2003). Use of the coping inventory for stressful situations in a clinically depressed sample: Factor structure, personality correlates and prediction of distress. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59 (4), 423–437. doi:10.1002/jclp.10080
  • Medford, N., Brierley, B., Brammer, M., Bullmore, E. T., David, A. S., & Phillips, M. L. (2006). Emotional memory in depersonalization disorder: A functional MRI study. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 148, 93–102. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.05.007
  • Medford, N., Sierra, M., Baker, D., & David, A. S. (2005). Understanding and treating depersonalisation disorder. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 11, 92–100. doi:10.1192/apt.11.2.92
  • Mendaglio, S., & Tillier, W. (2006). Dabrowski’s theory of positive disintegration and giftedness: Overexcitability research findings. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 30 (1), 68–87. doi:10.1177/016235320603000104
  • Mendoza, L., Navines, R., Crippa, J. A., Fagundo, A. B., Guitierrez, F., Nardi, A. E., … Martin-Santos, R. (2011). Depersonalization and personality in panic disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 52, 413–419. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.09.002
  • Michal, M., Beutel, M. E., Jochen, J., Zimmermann, M., Wolters, S., & Heidenreich, T. (2007). Depersonalization, mindfulness, and childhood trauma. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195 (8), 693–696. doi:10.1097/NMD.obo13e31811f4492
  • Michal, M., Glaesmer, H., Zwerenz, R., Knebel, A., Wiltink, J., Brahler, E., & Beutel, M. E. (2011). Base rates for depersonalization according to the 2-item version of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS-2) and its associations with depression /anxiety in the general population. Journal of Affective Disorders, 128, 106–111. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.033
  • Michal, M., Wiltink, J., Subic-Wrana, C., Zwerenz, R., Tuin, I., Lichy, M., Beutel, M. E. (2009). Prevalence, correlates, and predictors of depersonalization experiences in the German general population. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197 (7), 499–506. doi:10.1097/NMD.06013e3181aacd94
  • Michal, M., Wiltink, J., Till, Y., Blankenberg, S., & Beutel, M. E. (2010). Type D personality and depersonalization are associated with suicidal ideation in the German general population aged 35–74: Results from the Gutenberg Heart Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 125, 227–233. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.02.108
  • Michal, M., Wiltink, J., Till, Y., Wild, P. S., Blankenberg, S., & Beutel, M. E. (2011). Distinctiveness and overlap of depersonalization with anxiety and depression in a community sample: Results from the Gutenberg Heart Study. Psychiatry Research, 188, 264–268. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.11.004
  • Mika, E. (2005). Theory of Positive Disintegration as a model of personality development for exceptional individuals. In N. L. Hafenstein, B. Kutrumbos, & J. Delisle (Eds.), Perspectives in gifted education: Complexities of emotional development, spirituality and hope (Vol. 3, pp. 4–32). Denver, CO: Publication Institute for the Development of Gifted Education, Ricks Center for Gifted Children.
  • Miller, N. B., Falk, F., & Huang, Y. (2009). Gender identity and the overexcitability profiles of gifted college students. Roeper Review, 31, 161–169. doi:10.1080/02783190902993920
  • Moos, R. H., & Holohan, C. J. (2003). Dispositional and contextual perspectives on coping: Toward an integrative framework. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59 (12), 1387–1402. doi:10.1002/jclp.10229
  • Mula, M., Pini, S., & Cassano, G. B. (2007). The neurobiology and clinical significance of depersonalization in mood and anxiety disorders: A critical reappraisal. Journal of Affective Disorders, 99, 91–99. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.08.025
  • Myers, L., Fleming, M., Lancman, M., Perrine, K., & Lancman, M. (2013). Seizure, 22, 634–639. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2013.04.018
  • Robinaugh, D.J., & McNally, R.J. (2010). Autobiographical memory for shame and guilt provoking events: Association with psychological symptoms.” Behavior Research and Therapy, 48(7),646–652.
  • Sears, S. F., Urizar, G. G., & Evans, G. D. (2000). Examining a stress-coping model of burnout and depression in extension agents. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5 (1), 56–62. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.5.1.56
  • Seubert, R. (2012). Treating depressive symptoms more effectively by taking into account overexcitabilities and the third factor. European Psychiatry, 27 (1), 528. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(12)74695-3
  • Sierra, M., Baker, D., Medford, N., & David, A. S. (2005). Unpacking the depersonalization syndrome: An exploratory factor analysis on the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale. Psychological Medicine, 35, 1523–1532. doi:10.1017/S0033291705005235
  • Sierra, M., & Berrios, G. E. (2000). The Cambridge Depersonalization Scale: A new instrument for the measurement of depersonalization. Psychiatry Research, 93, 153–164. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(00)00100-1
  • Sierra, M., & David, A. S. (2011). Depersonalization: A selective impairment of self-awareness. Consciousness and Cognition, 20, 99–108. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2010.10.018
  • Sierra, M., Senior, C., Phillips, M. L., & David, A. S. (2006). Autonomic response in the perception of disgust and happiness in depersonalization disorder. Psychiatry Research, 145, 225–231. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.05.022
  • Simeon, D. (2004). Depersonalization disorder: A contemporary overview. Central Nervous System Drugs, 18, 173–179.
  • Simeon, D., Giesbrecht, T., Knutelska, M., Smith, R. J., & Smith, L. M. (2009). Alexithymia, absorption, and cognitive failures in depersonalization disorder: A comparison to posttraumatic stress disorder and healthy volunteers. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197 (7), 298–492. doi:10.1097/NMD.obo13e3181aaef6b
  • Simeon, D., Guralnik, O., Hazlett, E. A., Spiegel-Cohen, J., Hollander, E., & Buchsbaum, H. S. (2000). Feeling unreal: A PET study of depersonalization disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157 (11), 1782–1788. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1782
  • Simeon, D., Guralnik, O., Knutelska, M., Hollander, E., & Schmeidler, J. (2001). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation in depersonalization disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 25 (5), 793–795. doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00288-3
  • Simeon, D., Guralnik, O., Knutelska, M., Yehuda, R., & Schmeidler, J. (2003). Basal norepinephrine in depersonalization disorder. Psychiatry Research, 121, 93–97. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00205-1
  • Simeon, D., Guralnik, O., Schmeidler, J., Sirof, B., & Knutelska, M. (2001). The role of childhood interpersonal trauma in depersonalization disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158 (7), 1027–1033. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1027
  • Simeon, D., Knutelska, M., Nelson, D., Guralnik, O., & Schmeidler, J. (2003). Examination of the pathological dissociation taxon in depersonalization disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 191, 738–744. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000095126.21206.3e
  • Spielberger, C. D. (1983). State-Trait anxiety inventory for adults: Sampler set, manual, test, scoring key. Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden, Inc.
  • Tieso, C. L. (2007). Overexciatabilities: A new way to think about them. Roeper Review, 29 (4), 232–239. doi:10.1080/02783190709554417
  • Tschan, R., Wiltnik, J., Adler, J., Beutel, M. E., & Michal, M. (2013). Depersonalization experiences are strongly associated with dizziness and vertigo symptoms leading to increased health care consumption in the German general population. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201 (7), 629–635. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3182982995
  • van den Broeck, W., Hofmans, J., Cooremans, S., & Staels, E. (2014). Factorial validity and measurement invariance across intelligence levels and gender of the Overexcitabilities Questionnaire-II (OEQ-II). Psychological Assessment, 26 (1), 55–68. doi:10.1037/a0034475
  • Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Schuengel, C. (1996). The measurement of dissociation in normal and clinical populations: Meta-analytic validation of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II). Clinical Psychology Review, 16 (5), 365–382. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(96)00006-2
  • Waller, N., Putnam, F. W., & Carlson, E. B. (1996). Types of dissociation and dissociative types: A taxometric analysis of dissociative experiences. Psychological Methods, 1 (3), 300–321. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.1.3.300
  • Warne, R. T. (2011). An investigation of measurement invariance across genders on the Overexcitabilities Questionnaire-Two. Journal of Advanced Academics, 22 (4), 578–593. doi:10.1177/1932202X11414821
  • Wellisch, M., & Brown, J. (2013). Many faces of a gifted personality: Characteristics along a complex gifted spectrum. Talent Development and Excellence, 5(2),43–58.
  • Wolfradt, U., & Engelmann, S. (2003). Depersonalization, fantasies, and coping behavior in clinical context. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 1117–1124. doi:10.1002/jclp.10204
  • Wright, M. O., Crawford, E., & Del Castillo, D. (2009). Childhood emotional maltreatment and later psychological distress among college students: The mediating role of maladaptive schemas. Child Abuse and Neglect, 33, 59–68. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.12.007

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.