Pride in all Who Served: Development, Feasibility, and Initial Efficacy of a Health Education Group For LGBT Veterans

References

• Austin, A., & Craig, S. L. (2015). Transgender affirmative cognitive behavioral therapy: Clinical considerations and applications. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 46(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038642
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blosnich, J. R., Brown, G. R., Shipherd, J. C., Kauth, M., Piegari, R. I., & Bossarte, R. M. (2013). Prevalence of gender identity disorder and suicide risk among transgender veterans utilizing veterans health administration care. American Journal of Public Health, 103(10), e27–e32. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burks, A. C., Cramer, R. J., Henderson, C. E., Stroud, C. H., Crosby, J. W., & Graham, J. (2018). Frequency, nature, and correlates of hate crime victimization experiences in an urban sample of lesbian, gay, and bisexual community members. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(3), 402–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515605298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cass, V. (1979). Homosexual identity formation: A theoretical model. Journal of Homosexuality, 4(3), 219–235. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v04n03_01
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2020. Dental dam use. National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health & Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/condomeffectiveness/dental-dam-use.html
   Google Scholar
• Chesney, M. A., Neilands, T. B., Chambers, D. B., Taylor, J. M., & Folkman, S. (2006). A validity and reliability study of the coping self-efficacy scale. British Journal of Health Psychology, 11(3), 421–437. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910705X53155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochran, B. N., Balsam, K., Flentje, A., Malte, C. A., & Simpson, T. (2013). Mental health characteristics of sexual minority veterans. Journal of Homosexuality, 60(2–3), 419–435. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2013.744932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Cramer, R. J., Golom, F. D., Burks, A. C., Stroud, C. H., & Graham, J. L. (2017). The lesbian, gay, and bisexual identity scale: Factor analytic evidence and associations with health and well-being. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 50(1–2), 71–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2017.1325703
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramer, R. J., Wilsey, C., Hinkle, I., Kukla, A., & Macchia, J. (2019). Implementation and evaluation of a psycho-educational training on sexual and gender minority needs for military sexual assault victim advocates. Military Behavioral Health, 7(1), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/21635781.2018.1515133
   Google Scholar
• Cramer, R. J., Wright, S., Long, M. M., Kapusta, N. D., Nobles, M. R., Gemberling, T. M., & Wechsler, H. J. (2018). On hate crime victimization: Rates, types, and links with suicide risk among sexual orientation minority special interest group members. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 19(4), 476–489. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2018.1451972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtin, S. C., Warner, M., & Hedegaard, H. (2016). Suicide rates for females and males by race and ethnicity: United States, 1999 and 2014. NCHS Health E-Stat. National Center for Health Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Hendricks, M. L., & Testa, R. J. (2012). A conceptual framework for clinical work with transgender and gender nonconforming clients: An adaptation of the minority stress model. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 43(5), 460–467. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029597
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herek, G. M. (2016). A nuanced view of stigma for understanding and addressing sexual and gender minority health disparities. LGBT Health, 3(6), 397–399. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2016.0154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (1999). Psychological sequalae of hate-crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(945), 951. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.67.6.945
   Google Scholar
• Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (2009). Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: Insights from a social psychological perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(1), 32–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014672
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hottes, T. S., Bogaert, L., Rhodes, A. E., Brennan, D. J., & Gesink, D. (2016). Lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts among sexual minority adults by sampling strategies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 106(5), e1–e12. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Human Rights Campaign (HRC). (2018). Healthcare equality index (HEI). The Human Rights Campaign. https://www.hrc.org/hei/about-the-hei
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Campaign (HRC). (2020). Explore: Coming out. The Human Rights Campaign. https://www.hrc.org/explore/topic/coming-out
   Google Scholar
• Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI). (2020). Ask Me 3: Good questions for your good health. Institute for Healthcare Improvement. http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/Tools/Ask-Me-3-Good-Questions-for-Your-Good-Health.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. (2011). The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: Building a foundation for better understanding. The National Acadamies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Reports/2011/The-Health-of-Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual-and-Transgender-People.aspx
   Google Scholar
• It’s Pronounced Metrosexual (IPM). (2018). The genderbread person v2.0. Uncopyright 2020 Its Pronounced Metrosexual. https://www.itspronouncedmetrosexual.com/2012/03/the-genderbread-person-v2-0/
   Google Scholar
• Kauth, M. R., Barrera, T. L., Denton, F. N., & Latini, D. M. (2017). Health differences among lesbian, gay, and transgender veterans by rural/small town and suburban/urban setting. LGBT Health, 4(3), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2016.0213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauth, M. R., Barrera, T. L., & Latini, D. M. (2019). Lesbian, gay, and transgender veterans’ experiences in the Veterans Health Administration: Positive signs and room for improvement. Psychological Services, 16(2), 346–351. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000232
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lange-Altman, T. (2018). Pride in All Who Served: A Health Education Group for LGBT Veterans. Developed with support from the VHA Innovator’s Network Spark-Seed-Spread Investment Program (FY18, FY19, Lange-Altman & Hilgeman Co-Leads) and Leadership at the Hampton VA Medical Center. Unpublished treatment manual, available on request.
   Google Scholar
• Lehavot, K., & Simpson, T. L. (2014). Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression among sexual minority and heterosexual women veterans. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61(3), 392–403. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lev, A. I. (2004). Transgender emergence: Therapeutic guidelines for working for gender variant people and their families. Haworth Press.
   Google Scholar
• Livingston, N. A., Berke, D. S., Ruben, M. A., Matza, A. R., & Shipherd, J. C. (2019). Experiences of trauma, discrimination, microaggressions, and minority stress among trauma-exposed LGBT veterans: Unexpected findings and unresolved service gaps. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 11(7), 695–703. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Love is Respect. (2020). Get help for yourself. National Domestic Violence Hotline, Health Care Service Corporation (HCSC). https://www.loveisrespect.org/for-yourself/
   Google Scholar
• Matarazzo, B. B., Barnes, S. M., Pease, J. L., Russell, L. M., Hanson, J. E., Soberay, K. A., & Gutierrez, P. M. (2014). Suicide risk among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender military personnel and veterans: What does the literature tell us? Suicide And Life-Threatening Behavior, 44(2), 200–217. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice as stress: Conceptual and measurement problems. American Journal of Public Health, 93(2), 262–265. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.2.262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H. (2013). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 1(S), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1037/2329-0382.1.S.3
   Google Scholar
• Mohr, J. J., & Kendra, M. S. (2011). Revision and extension of a multidimensional measure of sexual minority identity: The lesbian, gay, and bisexual identity scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(2), 234–245. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moradi, B., & Budge, S. L. (2018). Engaging in LGBTQ+ affirmative psychotherapies with all clients: Defining themes and practices. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(11), 2028–2042. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Domestic Violence Hotline. (2020). The hotline. National Domestic Violence Hotline, Health Care Service Corporation (HCSC).  https://www.thehotline.org/
   Google Scholar
• Osman, A., Bagge, C. L., Gutierrez, P. M., Konick, L. C., Kopper, B. A., & Barrios, F. X. (2001). The suicidal behaviors questionnaire—Revised (SBQ-R): Validation with clinical and nonclinical samples. Assessment, 8(4), 443–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/107319110100800409
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pachankis, J. E. (2018). The scientific pursuit of sexual and gender minority mental health treatments: Toward evidence-based affirmative practice. American Psychologist, 73(9), 1207–1219. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000357
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PFLAG. (2020). Find a chapter. PFLAG National Office, Washington, DC. https://pflag.org/find-a-chapter
   Google Scholar
• Pixton, S. (2003). Experiencing gay affirmative therapy: An exploration of clients‘ views of what is helpful. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 3(3), 211–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733140312331384372
   Google Scholar
• Ramirez, H., & Bloeser, K. (2018). Risk and resilience: A review of the health literature of veterans who identify as LGBT. In E. Ritchie, J. Wise, & B. Pyle (Eds.), Gay mental healthcare providers and patients in the military (pp. 9–24). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Ramirez, M. H., Rogers, S. J., Johnson, H. L., Banks, J., Seay, W. P., Tinsley, B. L., & Grant, A. W. (2013). If we ask, what they might tell: Clinical assessment lessons from LGBT military personnel post-DADT. Journal of Homosexuality, 60(2–3), 401–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2013.744931
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramirez, M. H., & Sterzing, P. R. (2017). Coming out in camouflage: A queer theory perspective on the strength, resilience, and resistance of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender service members and veterans. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 29(1), 68–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2016.1263983
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggle, E. D. B., Mohr, J. J., Rostosky, S. S., Fingerhut, A. W., & Balsam, K. F. (2014). A multifactor lesbian, gay, and bisexual positive identity measure (LGB-PIM). Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 4(4), 398–411. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000057
   Google Scholar
• Rostosky, S. S., Cardom, C. R., Hammer, J. H., & Riggle, E. D. B. (2018). LGB positive identity and psychological well-being. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 5(4), 482–489. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000298
   Google Scholar
• Sherman, M. D., Kauth, M. R., Ridener, L., Shipherd, J. C., Bratkovich, K., & Beaulieu, G. (2014). An empirical investigation of challenges and recommendations for welcoming sexual and gender minority veterans into VA care. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 45(6), 433–442. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034826
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman, M. D., Kauth, M. R., Shipherd, J. C., & Street, R. L. (2014). Communication between VA providers and sexual and gender minority veterans: A pilot study. Psychological Services, 11(2), 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Lowe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Testa, R. J., Habarth, J., Peta, J., Balsam, K., & Bockting, W. (2015). Development of the gender minority stress and resilience measure. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(1), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000081
   Google Scholar
• The Trevor Project (2020). Coming out: A handbook for LGBTQ young people. The Trevor Project, West Hollywood, CA. https://www.thetrevorproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Coming-Out-Handbook.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Trans Lifeline. (2020). Peer support services, hotline, and resources. Trans Lifeline 501(c)(3), Oakland, CA. https://www.translifeline.org/
   Google Scholar
• Tucker, R. P., Testa, R. J., Reger, M. A., Simpson, T. L., Shipherd, J. C., & Lehavot, K. (2019). Current and military-specific gender minority stress factors and their relationship with suicide ideation in transgender veterans. Suicide & Life-threatening Behavior, 49((1)), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unger, R. W. (2000). Outsiders inside: Positive marginality and social change. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 163–179. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Department of Veterans Affairs. (2020a). HIV. US Department of Health & Safety. https://www.hiv.va.gov/
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Veterans Affairs. (2020b). How to apply for a discharge upgrade. US Department of Health & Safety. https://www.va.gov/discharge-upgrade-instructions
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Veterans Affairs. (2020c). Patient care services: Veterans with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) and related identities. US Department of Health & Safety. https://www.patientcare.va.gov/LGBT/
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Veterans Affairs. (2020d). VHA Social Work: Intimate Partner Violence Assistance Program (IPVAP). US Department of Health & Safety. https://www.socialwork.va.gov/IPV/Index.asp
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Veterans Affairs. (2020e). Whole health. US Department of Health & Safety. Retrieved from https://www.va.gov/wholehealth/
   Google Scholar
• Veterans Crisis Line. (2020). About veterans crisis line. US Department of Health & Safety. Retrieved from https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/
   Google Scholar
• VHA Directive 1340. (2017). Provision of health care for veterans who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual, dated July 6. US Department of Health & Safety. https://www.patientcare.va.gov/LGBT/VA_LGBT_Policies.asp
   Google Scholar
• VHA Directive 1341. 2018. Providing health care for transgender and intersex veterans, dated May 23. US Department of Health & Safety. https://www.patientcare.va.gov/LGBT/VA_LGBT_Policies.asp
   Google Scholar