An Exploration of Learning Disabilities in Four Countries: Implications for Test Development and Use in Developing Countries

References

• American Psychiatric Association. 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, , 4th ed. Washington, DC : Author. .
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. 1995 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., International Version with ICD-10 Codes) Washington, DC : Author. .
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. 2000 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, , 4th ed., text rev. Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2000 . Australian social trends , (Cat. No. 4102.0). Sydney, NSW, , Australia : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Australian Council of Educational Research. 1997 . Tests of basic skills: Aspects of literacy, aspects of numeracy Melbourne : Author. .
   Google Scholar
• Clements , S. D. 1966 . “ Minimal brain dysfunction in children: Terminology and identification, phase one of a three-phase project ” . NINDA Monograph, 3, Public Health Service Bulletin No. 1415 Washington, DC : U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare .
   Google Scholar
• Florian , L. , Hollenweger , J. , Simeonsson , R. , Wedell , K. , Riddell , S. , Terzi , L. and Holland , A. 2006 . Cross-cultural perspectives on the classification of children with disabilities: Part I. Issues i n the classification of children with disabilities . The Journal of Special Education , 40 : 36 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foreman , P. 2005 . Integration and inclusion in action, , 2nd ed. Sydney, , Australia : Harcourt Brace. .
   Google Scholar
• Hu , S. and Oakland , T. 1991 . Global and regional perspectives on testing children and youth: An international survey . International Journal of Psychology , 26 : 329 – 344 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997. 1997 . United States Code , 20 Section 1401.
   Google Scholar
• Klees , M. 1983 . Les troubles instrumentaux des enfants Brussels, , Belgium : Editions de l'Universite de Bruexlles. .
   Google Scholar
• Louden , W. , Chan , L. , Elkins , J. , Greaves , D. , House , H. , Milton , M. and et al . 2000 . Mapping the territory Canberra, , Australia : Commonwealth Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs. .
   Google Scholar
• Ministère de la Communauté Française [Ministry of the French-speaking Community]. 2003 . Statistique des établissements, des élèves et des diplômes de l'enseignement de plein exercice. Annuaire 2001-2002 [Statistics of the education establishments, the students, and the diplomas of full-time education] Brussels, , Belgium : Author. .
   Google Scholar
• Ministère de l'Education, de la Recherche, et de la Formation [Ministry of Education, Research and Training]. 1992 . Circulaire ministérielle relative à l'orientation d'un enfant ou d'un adolescent vers un des types d'enseignement spécial [Ministerial circular on the sending of children and adolescents in the different categories of special education] Brussels, , Belgium : Communauté Française de Belgique. .
   Google Scholar
• Ministère de l'Education, de la Recherche, et de la Formation [Ministry of Education, Research and Training]. 1995 . Circulaire ministérielle fixant le modèle de protocole justificatif à délivrer par les centres psycho-médico-sociaux et les organismes habilités à délivrer le rapport d'inscription dans un des types d'enseignement spécial [Ministerial circular on the protocol to be delivered by the psycho-medico-social centres and the organizations authorized to produce reports for the enrolment in special education] Brussels, , Belgium : Communauté Française de Belgique. .
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Culture. 1987 . Policy Circular 12/1987. Institutionalization of the remedial education programme in schools Causeway, Harare, , Africa : Zimbabwe Ministry of Education and Culture. .
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Culture. 1990 . Policy Circular 36/1990. John Slaven and Special Schools Policy (1987 Causeway, Harare, , Africa : Zimbabwe Ministry of Education and Culture .
   Google Scholar
• Mpofu , E. 1994 . Towards successful teaching Harare, Zimbabwe, Africa : Books for Africa Publishing House. .
   Google Scholar
• Mpofu , E. 1999 . “ Learning disabilities: Theories, practices and applications in the Zimbabwean context. ” . In Foundations of education in Africa Edited by: Peresuh , M. and Nhundu , T. 147 – 166 . Harare, Zimbabwe, Africa : College Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Mpofu , E. and Nyanungo , K. R. L. 1998 . Educational and psychological testing in Zimbabwean schools: Past, present and future . European Journal of Psychological Assessment , 14 : 71 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mpofu , E. , Peltzer , K. , Shumba , A. , Serpell , R. and Mogaji , A. 2005 . “ School psychology in sub-Saha-ran Africa: Results and implications of a six country survey. ” . In Comprehensive handbook of multicultural school psychology Edited by: Reynolds , C. R. and Frisby , C. 1128 – 1151 . New York : Wiley. .
   Google Scholar
• Muñiz , J. , Bartram , D. , Evers , A. , Boben , D. , Matesic , K. , Glabeke , K. and et al . 2001 . Testing practices in European Countries . European Journal of Psychological Assessment , 17 : 201 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Archives and Records Administration. 1977 . Federal Register January 19 Vol. 1977 , Washington, DC : Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Education Statistics. 2002 . Profile of undergraduates in U. S. postsecondary institutions: 1999-2000 Washington, DC : Author. .
   Google Scholar
• Neale , M. 1999 . Neale analysis of reading ability, , 3rd ed. Melbourne, , Australia : ACER Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Oakland , T. and Hu , S. 1991 . Professionals who administer tests with children and youth: An international survey . Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment , 9 : 108 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oakland , T. , Mpofu , E. , Glasgow , K. and Jumel , B. 2003 . Diagnosis and administrative interventions for students with mental retardation in Australia, France, United States, and Zimbabwe: 98 years after Binet's first intelligence test . International Journal of Testing , 3 : 59 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Organization for Education and Economic Co-operation. 2004 . Equity in education: Students with disabilities, learning difficulties, and disadvantages Paris : Author. .
   Google Scholar
• Senate Employment, Workplace Relations and Education References Committee. 2002 . Education of Students with Disabilities Canberra, , Australia : Senate Printing Unit. .
   Google Scholar
• Service Public Fédéral de Sécurité Sociale [Federal Department of Health and Pensions]. 2003 . Arrêté Royal du 15 mai 2003 relatif au prestation de logopédie [Royal decree of May 15, 2003, on speech-therapy treatment] Brussels, , Belgium : Moniteur Belge [Belgian Monitor]. .
   Google Scholar
• SPELD NSW Inc. (2002). Submission to the senate inquiry into the education of students with disabilities, Retrieved March 17, 2004, from http://www.users.bigpond.com/speldnsw/common_inq.html
   Google Scholar
• U. S. Department of Education. 2003 . 23rd Annual report to congress; students with learning disabilities: A statistical profile Washington, DC : Government Printing Office. .
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 1992a . The international classification of diseases and related health problems, , 10th ed. Geneva, , Switzerland : Author. .
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 1992b . International statistical classification of disease and related health problems, , 10th ed., rev. Geneva, , Switzerland : Author .
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 1999 . International classification of functioning and disability Geneva, , Switzerland : Author. .
   Google Scholar
• Zimbabwe National Association of Primary School Heads. 1992 . Annual report Harare, Zimbabwe, Africa : Zimbabwe National Association of Primary School Heads. .
   Google Scholar