A Two-Layer Soil Model for the Calculation of Electrical Parameters of Grounding Systems under Lightning Strikes

References

• IEC TR 60479-4, “Effects of current on human beings and livestock - Part 4: Effects of lightning strokes,” 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Y. Liu, M. Zitnik, and R. Thottappillil, “An improved transmission-line model of grounding system,” IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 348–355, Aug. 2001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. I. Lorentzou, N. D. Hatziargyriou, and B. C. Papadias, “Time domain analysis of grounding electrodes impulse response,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 517–524, Apr., 2003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Liu, N. Theethayi, and R. Thottappillil, “An engineering model for transient analysis of grounding system under lightning strikes: nonuniform transmission-line approach,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 722–730, April, 2005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. A. Shaher, and M. Saied, “S-Domain analysis of grounding electrodes impulse response,” Electr. Power Components Syst., vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 985–999, Aug. 2006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. P. Meliopoulos, and M. G. Moharam, “Transient analysis of grounding systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Appl. Syst., vol. 102, no. 2, pp. 389–399, Feb. 1983.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. E. Menter, and L. D. Grcev, “EMTP-based model for grounding system analysis,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1838–1849, Oct. 1994.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Heimbach, and L. D. Grcev, “Grounding system analysis in transients programs applying electromagnetic field approach,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 186–193, Jan. 1997.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. L. Guardado, J. Torres, C. R. Fuerte, V. Venegas, and E. Melgoza, “A multiconductor transmission line model for grounding systems,” Presented at the 9th International Conference in Electric Power Systems, High Voltages, Electric Machine, Greece, Oct. 2009.
   Google Scholar
• A. Jardines, J. L. Guardado, J. Torres, J. J. Chávez, and M. Hernández, “A multiconductor transmission line model for grounding grids,” J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 60, pp. 24–33, Sep. 2014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. P. Dawalibi, and D. Mukhedkar, “Influence of ground rods on grounding grids,” IEEE Trans. Power Appl. Syst., vol. 98, no. 6, pp. 2089–2098, Nov. 1979.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. Mombello, O. Trad, J. Rivera, and A. Andreoni, “Two-layer soil model for power station grounding system calculation considering multilayer soil stratification,” Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 67–78, Apr. 1996.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IEEE Std. 80. “IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding,” IEEE, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• C. R. Paul, Analysis of Multiconductor Transmission Lines. New York, NY: Wiley, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• R. J. Heppe, “Computation of potential at surface above an energized grid or other electrode, allowing for non-uniform current distribution,” IEEE Trans. Power Appl. Syst., vol. 98, no. 6, pp. 1978–1989, Nov. 1979.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. Sima, B. Zhu, T. Yuan, Q. Yang, and J. Wang, “Finite element model of the grounding electrode impulse characteristics in a complex soil structure based on geometric coordinate transformation,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 96–102, Feb. 2016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Karami, and K. Sheshyekani, “Harmonic impedance of grounding electrodes buried in a horizontally stratified multilayer ground: A full-wave approach,” IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 899–906, Aug. 2018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. D. Grcev, “Computer analysis of transient voltages in large grounding systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 815–823, Apr. 1996.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. D. Papalexopoulos, and A. P. Meliopoulos, “Frequency dependent characteristics of grounding systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. PWRD-2, no. 4, pp. 1073–1081, Oct. 1987.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. G. Olsen, and M. C. Willis, “A comparison of exact and quasi-static methods for evaluating grounding systems at high frequencies,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1071–1081, Apr. 1996.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. P. C. Magalhães, J. C. L. V. Silva, A. C. S. Lima, and M. T. C. D. Barros, “Validation limits of quasi-TEM approximation for buried bare and insulated cables,” IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1690–1697, Dec. 2015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. A. Uribe, J. L. Naredo, P. Moreno, and L. Guardado, “Electromagnetic transients in underground transmission systems through the numerical laplace transform,” Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 215–221, Mar. 2002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. P. S. Meliopoulos, Power System Grounding and Transients: An Introduction. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• M. Nassereddine, J. Rizk, M. Nagrial, and A. Hellany, “Wind farm earthing system design using clustering technique,” Electr. Power Components Syst., vol. 43, no. 16, pp. 1813–1821, Aug. 2015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Hajiaboli, S. Fortin, F. P. Dawalibi, H. Zhao, and A. Ngoly, “Analysis of grounding systems in the vicinity of hemispheroidal heterogeneities,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 5070–5077, Dec. 2015.
   Google Scholar
• C. H. Lee, C. N. Chang, and J. A. Jiang, “Evaluation of ground potential rises in a commercial building during a direct lightning stroke using CDEGS,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 4882–4888, Dec. 2015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. S. Gazzana et al., “Novel formulation to determine the potential on the soil surface generated by a lightning surge,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 1–4, Mar. 2016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar