Cost-Benefit Analysis of Desalination: A Power Market Opportunity

References

• K. Watkins, “Human development report 2006—beyond scarcity: power, poverty and the global water crisis,” United Nations Develop Program, New York, pp. 131–171, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• D. E. Newton, The Global Water Crisis: A Reference Handbook, Goleta, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC Books, 2016, pp. 57–113.
   Google Scholar
• H. T. El-Dessouky and H. M. Ettouney, Fundamentals of Salt Water Desalination, 1st ed. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier B.V., 2002.
   Google Scholar
• N. Voutchkov, Desalination Engineering: Planning and Design, 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• O. H. Cho, O. H. No and O. H. Nh, IDA Desalination Yearbook 2017–2018, 2017th–2018th ed. Oxford: Published by Media Analytics Ltd., 2018.
   Google Scholar
• R. Connor, and and E. Koncagül, “Part 1: Status trends and challenges,” in UN World Water Development Report 2014: Water and Energy, Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 2014, pp. 12–42.
   Google Scholar
• W. N. Lubega and A. M. Farid, “A reference system architecture for the energy-water nexus,” IEEE Syst. J., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 106–116, Feb. 2016. DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2014.2302031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enerdata, “Global energy statistical yearbook 2018,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://yearbook.enerdata.net/electricity/electricity-domestic-consumption-data.html. Accessed: May 30, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Energy Information Administration, “Electricity data browser - net generation for all sectors,” 2019.
   Google Scholar
• J. Crittenden, R. Trussell, D. Hand, et al., Water Treatment Principles and Design, 3rd ed., Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2005, pp. 1335–1414.
   Google Scholar
• N. Voutchkov, “Desalination, past, present, and future,” International Water Association, Aug. 17, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.iwa-network.org/desalination-past-present-future/. Accessed Jan. 14, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• C. Mateo, J. Reneses, A. Rodriguez-Calvo, et al., “Cost–benefit analysis of battery storage in medium-voltage distribution networks,” IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 815–821, Feb. 2016. DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Zidar, P. S. Georgilakis, N. D. Hatziargyriou, et al., “Review of energy storage allocation in power distribution networks: applications, methods and future research,” IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 645–652, Feb. 2016. DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Zhang, J. Wang, A. Berizzi, et al., “Life cycle planning of battery energy storage system in off-grid wind–solar–diesel microgrid,” IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 12, no. 20, pp. 4451–4461, Nov. 2018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Al-Karaghouli and L. Kazmerski, “Energy consumption and water production cost of conventional and renewable-energy-powered desalination processes,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., vol. 24, pp. 343–356, Aug. 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.12.064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. T. Heydt, “The probabilistic evaluation of net present value of electric power distribution systems based on the Kaldor-Hicks compensation principle,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 4488–4495, Jul. 2018. DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2764449.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. Watson, O. Morin and L. Henthorne, “Chapter 9: cost estimating procedure,” in: Desalting Handbook for Planners, 3rd ed., Report No. 72, United States Department of the Interior—Bureau of Reclamation, Springfield, VA, 2003, pp. 187–188.
   Google Scholar
• Desalination Economic Evaluation Program (DEEP): User’s Manual, Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2007, pp. 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• W. R. A. Engineering, “Water resource associates: reverse osmosis desalination cost model,” [Online]. Available: http://www.wraengineering.com/seawater-desalination/. Accessed Jan. 14, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• A. R. A. Al-Naama and A. Simcock, “Chapter 28: desalinization,” in World Ocean Assessment, Cambridge, IL: Cambridge University Press, pp. 441–450, 2017, [E-book] Available: http://www.un.org/Depts/los/global_reporting/WOA_RPROC/Chapter_28.pdf. Accessed Jan. 14, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• E. Al-Tayyar, Water 2017 – Statistical Yearbook, Ministry of Electricity and Water, Department of Statistics & Information Ctr, Kuwait, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Y. Zhou and R. S. Tol, “Evaluating the costs of desalination and water transport,” Water Resour. Res., vol. 41, pp. 1–10, Mar. 2005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Kiefer and T. Pankratz, “Chapter 5: cost of treatment,” in Desalination of Seawater Manual M61, Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, 2011, pp. 83–85.
   Google Scholar
• Z. Sun, J. Jiao, S. Huang, Y.-Y. Gao, et al., “Effects of suspended sediment on salinity measurements,” IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 56–65, Jan. 2018. DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2017.2653278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Jeremí and A. Nehorai, “Design of chemical sensor arrays for monitoring disposal sites on the ocean floor,” IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 334–343, Oct. 1998. DOI: 10.1109/48.725229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Kiefer and T. Pankratz, “Estimating operation and maintenance costs” in Desalination of Seawater Manual M61, Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, 2011, pp. 89–93.
   Google Scholar
• S. R. Khuntia, B. W. Tuinema, J. L. Rueda, et al., “Time-horizons in the planning and operation of transmission networks: An overview,” IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 841–848, Mar. 2016. DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0791.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Tal, “The desalination debate: Lessons learned thus far,” Environment, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 34–48, Aug. 2011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. S. Pinto and R. C. Marques, “Desalination projects economic feasibility: A standardization of cost determinants,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., vol. 78, pp. 904–915, Oct. 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Hopkinson, Net Present Value and Risk Modelling for Projects, 1st ed., London, UK: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2016, pp. 1–179.
   Google Scholar
• D. Dayananda, R. Irons, S. Harrison, J. Herbohn, et al., Capital Budgeting: Financial Appraisal of Investment Projects, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. 85–109.
   Google Scholar
• R. Dashtpour and S. N. Al-Zubaidy, “Energy efficient reverse osmosis desalination process,” Int. J. Environmental Sci. Dev., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 339–345, Aug. 2012.
   Google Scholar
• X. Jin, A. Jawor, S. Kim, et al., “Effects of feed water temperature on separation performance and organic fouling of brackish water RO membranes,” Desalination, vol. 239, no. 1–3, pp. 346–359, Apr. 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2008.03.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Suleiman, A. Meree, M. Al-Shiakh, et al., “Performance of RO plant with solar preheated feed water,” Desalin. Water Treat., vol. 28, no. 1–3, pp. 345–352, Apr. 2011. DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2011.2104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. W. Taylor, J. R. Burns, S. A. Kammann, W. B. Powers and T. R. Welsh, “The energy harvesting eel: A small subsurface ocean/river power generator,” IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 539–547, Oct. 2001. DOI: 10.1109/48.972090.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Rhinefrank, A. Schacher, J. Prudell, et al., “Comparison of direct-drive power takeoff systems for ocean wave energy applications,” IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 35–44, Jan. 2012. DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2011.2173832.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. A. Ivanova, O. Agren, H. Bernhoff and M. Leijon, “Simulation of wave-energy converter with octagonal linear generator,” IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 619–629, Jul. 2005. DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2005.858373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Bostrom, R. Waters, E. Lejerskog, et al., “Study of a wave energy converter connected to a nonlinear load,” IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 123–127, Apr. 2009. DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2009.2015021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. R. Plew, C. L. Stevens, R. H. Spigel and N. D. Hartstein, “Hydrodynamic implications of large offshore mussel farms,” IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 95–108, Jan. 2005. DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2004.841387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. K. A. Brekken, H. T. Ozkan-Haller and A. Simmons, “A methodology for large-scale ocean wave power time-series generation,” IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 294–300, Apr. 2012. DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2012.2187393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Reimers, Integrating Desalination with Power Plants, Austin: Webber Energy Group at The University of Texas, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• H. Cooley, and R. Phurisamban, The Cost of Alternative Water Supply and Efficiency Options in California, Oakland, CA: Pacific Institute, 2016, pp. 19–20.
   Google Scholar
• Watereuse Association, “Seawater desalination costs,” Sep. 2011, pp. 3–11. [white-paper] Available: https://watereuse.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/WateReuse_Desal_Cost_White_Paper.pdf. Accessed Jan. 14, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• F. Mohammadi, M. Sahraei-Ardakani, Y. M. Al-Abdullah and G. T. Heydt, “Coordinated scheduling of power generation and water desalination units,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 3657–3666, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2901807.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. T. Heydt, M. M. Al-Muhaini and E. Kyriakides, “Large scale desalination as a cost effective, controlled electric load resource,” Proc. 50th North American Power Symposium, Fargo, ND, Sep. 2018, pp. 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• U. S. Department of Energy: Office of Electricity, “Grid Modernization and the Smart Grid,” [Online] Available: http://www.oe.energy.gov/smartgrid.htm. Accessed Jan. 14, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• H. G. T, “Implementation of smart grid objectives among distribution system residential, commercial, and industrial loads,” Proc. North American Power Symposium, Denver, CO, Sep. 18–20, 2016, pp. 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• I. I. Avramidis, V. A. Evangelopoulos, P. S. Georgilakis, et al., “Demand side flexibility schemes for facilitating the high penetration of residential distributed energy resources,” IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 12, no. 18, pp. 4079–4088, Oct. 2018. DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.5415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Wu, M. Shahidehpour and A. Al-Abdulwahab, “Hourly demand response in day-ahead scheduling for managing the variability of renewable energy,” IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 226–234, Mar. 2013. DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2012.0186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. Yang, R. Yu and M. Nambiar, “Quantifying the benefits to consumers for demand response with a statistical elasticity model,” IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 503–515, Mar. 2014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LCG Consulting “ Energyonline: Industry data,” [Online]. Available: http://www.energyonline.com/Data. Accessed Nov. 1, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• G. Fiorenza, V. Sharma and G. Braccio, “Techno-economic evaluation of a solar-powered water desalination plants,” Energy Conversion Manage., vol. 44, no. 14, pp. 2217–2240, Aug. 2003. DOI: 10.1016/S0196-8904(02)00247-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Macedonio, E. Curcio and E. Drioli, “Integrated membrane systems for seawater desalination, energetic and exergetic analysis, economic evaluation, experimental study,” Desalination, vol. 203, no. 1–3, pp. 260–276, Feb. 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2006.02.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Turek and M. Żewska, “Nanofiltration process for seawater desalination-salt production integrated system,” Desalination Water Treatment, vol. 7, no. 1–3, pp. 178–181, Jul. 2009. DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2009.713.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Arroyo and S. Shirazi, “Cost of brackish groundwater desalination in Texas,” Austin, TX: Texas Water Development Board, pp. 1–7, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Desalination: A National Perspective,” Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2008, pp. 152.
   Google Scholar
• A. Hafez and S. El-Manharawy, “Economics of seawater RO desalination in the Red Sea region, Egypt. Part 1. A case study,” Desalination, vol. 153, no. 1–3, pp. 335–347, Feb. 2003. DOI: 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)01122-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. P. Huehmer, “Detailed estimation of desalination system cost using computerized cost projection tools,” Proc. of the 12th Annual Conference on Desalination: Visions for the Future, Dec. 2011, p. 31.
   Google Scholar
• N. Ghaffou, T. Missimer and G. Amy, “Technical review and evaluation of the economics of water desalination: Current and future challenges for better water supply sustainability,” Desalination, vol. 309, pp. 197–207, Jan. 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2012.10.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. F. da Silva, I. F. S. dos Santos, M. C. C. de Oliveira Botan, A. P. M. Silva, and R. M. Barros, “Reverse osmosis desalination plants in Brazil: a cost analysis using three different energy sources,” Sustainable Cities Soc., vol. 43, pp. 134–143, Nov. 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2018.08.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• “Kuwait Ministry of Electricity and Water: 2016 statistical yearbook-water,” Ministry of Electricity and Water, State of Kuwait, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• T. Maylshev, Y. M. Al-Abdullah and K. J. Sreekanth, “Kuwait Energy Outlook 2019,” Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, [Online]. Available: http://www.kisr.edu.kw/en/facilities/energy-building/?research=1. Accessed Jun. 2019.
   Google Scholar