Decentralized Control for Multiple Network-Forming Inverters in a Solar PV-BESS Based Standalone Microgrid System

References

• R. H. Lasseter and P. Paigi, “Microgrid: a conceptual solution,” in 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No. 04CH37551), Aachen, Germany, Nov. 15, 2004, vol. 6. IEEE, pp. 4285–4290.
   Google Scholar
• B. Kroposki, R. Lasseter, T. Ise, S. Morozumi, S. Papathanassiou, and N. Hatziargyriou, “Making microgrids work,” IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 40–53, 2008. DOI: 10.1109/MPE.2008.918718.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IEA, “Power systems in transition challenges and opportunities ahead for electricity security,” 2020, May 02, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/cd69028a-da78-4b47-b1bf-7520cdb20d70/Power$_$systems$_$in$_$transition.pdf
   Google Scholar
• R. Panigrahi, S. K. Mishra, S. C. Srivastava, A. K. Srivastava, and N. N. Schulz, “Grid integration of small-scale photovoltaic systems in secondary distribution network—a review,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 3178–3195, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2020.2979789.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Pepermans, J. Driesen, D. Haeseldonckx, R. Belmans, and W. D’haeseleer, “Distributed generation: definition, benefits and issues,” Energy Policy, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 787–798, 2005. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2003.10.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. H. Lasseter, “Microgrids and distributed generation,” J. Energy Eng., vol. 133, no. 3, pp. 144–149, 2007. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9402(2007)133:3(144).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Jiayi, J. Chuanwen, and X. Rong, “A review on distributed energy resources and microgrid,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 2472–2483, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2007.06.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Zamora and A. K. Srivastava, “Controls for microgrids with storage: review, challenges, and research needs,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 2009–2018, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2010.03.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Q. Fu, A. Nasiri, A. Solanki, A. Bani-Ahmed, L. Weber, and V. Bhavaraju, “Microgrids: architectures, controls, protection, and demonstration,” Electr. Power Compon. Syst., vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 1453–1465, 2015. DOI: 10.1080/15325008.2015.1039098.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Shahgholian, “A brief review on microgrids: operation, applications, modeling, and control,” Int. Trans. Electr. Energ. Syst., vol. 31, no. 6, p. e12885, 2021. DOI: 10.1002/2050-7038.12885.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Engler and N. Soultanis, “Droop control in LV-grids,” 2005 International Conference on Future Power Systems, IEEE, Amsterdam, Nov. 18, 2005, p. 6. DOI: 10.1109/FPS.2005.204224.
   Google Scholar
• S. Shubhra and B. Singh, “Three-phase grid-interactive solar PV-battery microgrid control based on normalized gradient adaptive regularization factor neural filter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 2301–2314, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/TII.2019.2937561.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. K. Jha and D. Kumar, “Assessment of battery energy storage system with hybrid renewable energy sources to voltage control of islanded microgrid considering demand-side management capability,” Iran J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Electr. Eng., vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 861–877, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s40998-019-00273-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Mao, C. Qian, and Y. Ding, “Decentralized coordination power control for islanding microgrid based on PV/BES-VSG,” CPSS TPEA, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 14–24, 2018. DOI: 10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2018.00002.
   Google Scholar
• Y. Karimi, H. Oraee, M. S. Golsorkhi, and J. M. Guerrero, “Decentralized method for load sharing and power management in a PV/battery hybrid source islanded microgrid,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 3525–3535, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2016.2582837.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Xin, L. Zhang, Z. Wang, D. Gan, and K. P. Wong, “Control of island AC microgrids using a fully distributed approach,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 943–945, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2014.2378694.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Mahmood and J. Jiang, “Autonomous coordination of multiple PV/battery hybrid units in islanded microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 6359–6368, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2709550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Narayanan, S. Kewat, and B. Singh, “Solar PV-BES based microgrid system with multifunctional vsc,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 2957–2967, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2020.2979151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. V. Kulkarni and D. N. Gaonkar, “Improved droop control strategy for parallel connected power electronic converter based distributed generation sources in an islanded microgrid,” Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 201, p. 107531, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107531.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. An, Z. Liu, and J. Liu, “Successive-approximation-based virtual impedance tuning method for accurate reactive power sharing in islanded microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 87–102, 2021. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2020.3001037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Chakraborty and S. Kar, “Hierarchical control of networked microgrid with intelligent management of TCLS: a case study approach,” Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 224, p. 109787, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2023.109787.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. P. Nair and P. Kanakasabapathy, “PR controller-based droop control strategy for AC microgrid using ant lion optimization technique,” Energy Rep., vol. 9, pp. 6189–6198, 2023. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484723009630. DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2023.05.220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Gui, M. Li, J. M. Guerrero, and J. C. Vasquez, “A novel coordinated control of renewable energy sources and energy storage system in islanded microgrid,” 2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC), IEEE, Milwaukee, WI, USA, 2018, pp. 4616–4621. DOI: 10.23919/ACC.2018.8430920.
   Google Scholar
• Y. You, G. Wang, C.-h. Zhang, and J.-r. Lian, “An improved frequency control method for microgrid in islanded operation,” in 2013 2nd International Symposium on Instrumentation and Measurement, Sensor Network and Automation (IMSNA), Toronto, ON, Canada, 2013, pp. 296–299.
   Google Scholar
• G. Mallesham, S. Mishra, and A. N. Jha, “Ziegler-nichols based controller parameters tuning for load frequency control in a microgrid,” in 2011 International Conference on Energy, Automation and Signal, Bhubaneswar, India, 2011, pp. 1–8. DOI: 10.1109/ICEAS.2011.6147128.
   Google Scholar
• N. Himabindu, S. Hampannavar, B. Deepa, and M. Swapna, “Analysis of microgrid integrated photovoltaic (PV) powered electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) under different solar irradiation conditions in India: a way towards sustainable development and growth,” Energy Rep., vol. 7, pp. 8534–8547, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2021.10.103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. I. Marei and M. H. Soliman, “A coordinated voltage and frequency control of inverter based distributed generation and distributed energy storage system for autonomous microgrids,” Electr. Power Compon. Syst., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 383–400, 2013. DOI: 10.1080/15325008.2012.749550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Nandi, M. Tripathy, and C. P. Gupta, “Coordination of BESS and PV system with bidirectional power control strategy in AC microgrid,” Sustain. Energy Grids Netw., vol. 34, p. 101029, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2023.101029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Rebollal, M. Carpintero-Rentería, D. Santos-Martín, and M. Chinchilla, “Microgrid and distributed energy resources standards and guidelines review: grid connection and operation technical requirements,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 3, p. 523, 2021. DOI: 10.3390/en14030523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• “IEEE standard for harmonic control in electric power systems,” IEEE Std 519-2022 (Revision of IEEE Std 519-2014), pp. 1–31, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• M. L. Azad, S. Das, P. Kumar Sadhu, B. Satpati, A. Gupta, and P. Arvind, “P&O algorithm based MPPT technique for solar PV system under different weather conditions,” in 2017 International Conference on Circuit, Power and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT), Kollam, India, 2017, pp. 1–5. DOI: 10.1109/IMSNA.2013.6743273.
   Google Scholar
• A. Yazdani and R. Iravani, Voltage-Sourced Converters in Power Systems: Modeling, Control, and Applications. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. DOI: 10.1002/9780470551578. ISBN: 9780470551578.
   Google Scholar
• M. Liserre, R. Teodorescu, and F. Blaabjerg, “Stability of photovoltaic and wind turbine grid-connected inverters for a large set of grid impedance values,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 263–272, 2006. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2005.861185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Marti, M. Velasco, E. Martin, L. Gracia de Vicuna, J. Miret, and M. Castilla, “Performance evaluation of secondary control policies with respect to digital communications properties in inverter-based islanded microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1–1, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2608323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Belkaid, I. Colak, and K. Kayisli, “A novel approach of perturb and observe technique adapted to rapid change of environmental conditions and load,” Electr. Power Compon. Syst., vol. 48, no. 4-5, pp. 375–387, 2020. DOI: 10.1080/15325008.2020.1793842.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. K. Kollimalla and M. K. Mishra, “A novel adaptive P&O MPPT algorithm considering sudden changes in the irradiance,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 602–610, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/TEC.2014.2320930.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Viswanatha and R. Venkata Siva Reddy, “Microcontroller based bidirectional buck–boost converter for photo-voltaic power plant,” J. Elect. Syst. Inform. Technol., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 745–758, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesit.2017.04.002.
   Google Scholar
• R. Venkata Siva Reddy, “Microcontroller based bidirectional buck boost converter for photo voltaic power plant,” arXiv e-prints, pp. arXiv–2101, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• K. R. Sreejyothi, K. Chenchireddy, S. A. Sydu, V. Kumar, and W. Sultana, “Bidirectional battery charger circuit using buck/boost converter,” in 2022 6th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology, IEEE, 2022, pp. 63–68.
   Google Scholar
• G. J. May, A. Davidson, and B. Monahov, “Lead batteries for utility energy storage: a review,” J. Energy Storage, vol. 15, pp. 145–157, 2018. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352152X17304437. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2017.11.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. C. Z. de Souza and M. Castilla, Microgrids Design and Implementation. Switzerland: Springer, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• B. Wen, D. Boroyevich, R. Burgos, P. Mattavelli and Z. Shen, “Small-signal stability analysis of three-phase AC systems in the presence of constant power loads based on measured DQ frame impedances,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 5952–5963, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2378731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Vatansever and M. Hatun, “s-to-z transformation tool for discretization,” Gazi Univ. J. Sci. Part C Des. Technol., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 773–783, 2021. DOI: 10.29109/gujsc.1003694.
   Google Scholar
• H. Bevrani, B. François, and T. Ise, Microgrid Dynamics and Control. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• D. Chethan Raj, D. Gaonkar, and J. M. Guerrero, “Improved P-f/Q-V and P-V/Q-f droop controllers for parallel distributed generation inverters in AC microgrid,” Sustain. Cities Soc., vol. 41, pp. 421–442, 2018. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670717307631. DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2018.04.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. C. Chandorkar, D. M. Divan, and R. Adapa, “Control of parallel connected inverters in standalone ac supply systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 136–143, 1993. DOI: 10.1109/28.195899.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. M. Guerrero, L. G. De Vicuna, J. Matas, M. Castilla, and J. Miret, “Output impedance design of parallel-connected ups inverters with wireless load-sharing control,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 1126–1135, 2005. DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2005.851634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.-M. Song, Y. Kim, H. Cha, and H. Lee, “Current harmonic minimization of a grid-connected photovoltaic 500kw three-phase inverter using PR control,” in 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, Phoenix, AZ, USA, 2011, pp. 1063–1068. DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2011.6063891.
   Google Scholar
• D. G. Holmes, T. A. Lipo, B. P. Mcgrath, and W. Y. Kong, “Optimized design of stationary frame three phase AC current regulators,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 2417–2426, 2009. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2009.2029548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Teodorescu, F. Blaabjerg, M. Liserre, and P. C. Loh, “Proportional-resonant controllers and filters for grid-connected voltage-source converters,” IEE Proc. Electr. Power Appl., vol. 153, no. 5, pp. 750–762, 2006. DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20060008.
   Google Scholar
• H. Unbehauen, Control Systems, Robotics and Automation-Volume II: System Analysis and Control: Classical approaches-II. EOLSS Publications, United Kingdom, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• A. A. Memon, M. Karimi, and K. Kauhaniemi, “Evaluation of new grid codes for converter-based DERs from the perspective of AC microgrid protection,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 127005–127030, 2022. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3226653.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. J. Narang and M. Ingram, “Highlights of IEEE standard 1547-2018,” National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States), Tech. Rep, 2019. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1578268.
   Google Scholar