Publication Cover
Journal of Loss and Trauma
International Perspectives on Stress & Coping
Volume 22, 2017 - Issue 1
882
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Parent Grief 1–13 Months After Death in Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Units

, , , &
Pages 77-96 | Received 22 Feb 2016, Accepted 30 Apr 2016, Published online: 15 Jun 2016

References

  • Aho, A. L., Tarkka, M. T., Astedt-Kurki, P., & Kaunonen, M. (2009). Fathers’ experience of social support after the death of a child. American Journal of Men’s Health, 3, 93–103.
  • Alam, R., Barrera, M., D’Agostino, N., Nicholas, D. B., & Schneiderman, G. (2012). Bereavement experiences of mothers and fathers over time after the death of a child due to cancer. Death Studies, 36(1), 1–22. doi:10.1080/07481187.2011.553312
  • Al-Gamal, E., & Long, T. (2010). Anticipatory grieving among parents living with a child with cancer. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(9), 1980–1990. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05381.x
  • Arnold, J., & Gemma, P. B. (2008). The continuing process of parental grief. Death Studies, 35, 658–673. doi:10.1080/07481180802215718
  • Avelin, P., Rådestad, I., Säflund, K., Wredling, R., & Erlandsson, K. (2013). Parental grief and relationships after the loss of a stillborn baby. Midwifery, 29, 668–673. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2012.06.007
  • Barr, P., & Cacciatore, J. (2008). Personal fear of death in bereaved mothers. Death Studies, 32, 445–460. doi:10.1080/07481180801974752
  • Bennett, S., Litz, B., Maguen, S., & Ehrenreich, J. (2008). An exploratory study of the psychological impact and clinical care of perinatal loss. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 13, 485–510. doi:10.1080/15325020802171268
  • Blackmore, E. R., Cote-Arsenault, D., Tang, W., Glover, V., Evans, J., Golding, J., & O’Connor, T. G. (2011). Previous prenatal loss as a predictor of perinatal depression and anxiety. British Journal of Psychiatry, 198(5), 373–378. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.083105
  • Boyden, J., Kavanaugh, K., Issel, L. M., Eldeirawi, K., & Meert, K. (2014). Experiences of African American parents following perinatal or pediatric death: A literature review. Death Studies, 38(6), 374–380. doi:10.1080/07481187.2013.766656
  • Brooten, D., Youngblut, J. M., Charles, D., Roche, R., Hidalgo, I., & Malkawi, F. (2016). Death rituals reported by White, Black, and Hispanic parents following the ICU death of an infant or child. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 31, 132–140. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2015.10.017
  • Brooten, D., Youngblut, J. M., Seagrave, L., Caicedo, C., Hawthorne, D., Hidalgo, I., & Roche, R. (2013). Parent’s perceptions of health care providers’ actions around child ICU death: What helped, what did not. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 30(1), 40–49. doi:10.1177/1049909112444301
  • Bullock, K. (2011). The influence of culture on end-of-life decision making. Journal of Social Work and End-of-Life and Palliative Care, 7(1), 83–98. doi:10.1080/15524256.2011.548048
  • Burden, C., Bradley, S., Storey, C., Ellis, A., Heazell, A., Downe, S., … Siassakos, D. (2016). From grief, guilt, pain and stigma to hope and pride: A systematic review and meta-analysis of mixed-method research of the psychosocial impact of stillbirth. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16, 9–21. doi:10.1186/s12884-016-0800-8
  • Burke, L. A., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2012). Prospective risk factors for complicated grief: A review of the empirical literature. In M. Stroebe, H. Schut, & J. van den Bout (Eds.), Complicated grief: Scientific foundations for health care professionals (pp. 145–161). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Cacciatore, J. (2010). The unique experiences of women and their families after the death of a baby. Social Work in Health Care, 49, 134–148. doi:10.1080/00981380903158078
  • Caeymaex, L., Jousselme, C., Vasilescu, C., Danan, C., Falissard, B., Bourrat, M. -M., Garel, M., & Speranza, M. (2013). Perceived role in end-of-life decision making in the NICU affects long-term parental grief response. Archives of Diseases in Child, Fetal, and Neonatal Education, 98(1), F26–F31. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2011-301548
  • Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (2015). Deaths: Final data for 2013. Detailed tables. National Vital Statistics Review, 64(2). www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htm (accessed July 26, 2015).
  • Clements, P. T., Vigil, G. J., Manno, M. S., Henry, G. C., Wilks, J., Das, S., & Foster, W. (2003). Cultural perspectives of death, grief, and bereavement. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 41(7), 18–26.
  • Cutcliffe, J. (2002). Understanding and working with bereavement. Mental Health Practice, 6(2), 30–37. doi:10.7748/mhp2002.10.6.2.29.c1740
  • Espinosa, J., & Evans, W. N. (2013). Maternal bereavement: The heightened mortality of mothers after the death of a child. Economics of Human Biology, 11(3), 371–381. doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2012.06.002
  • Fang, F., Fall, K., Sparen, P., Adami, H. O., Valdimarsdottir, H. B., Lambe, M., & Valdimarsdottir, U. (2011). Risk of infection-related cancers after the loss of a child: A follow-up study in Sweden. Cancer Research, 71(1), 116–122. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0470
  • Fontana, M. S., Farrell, C., Gauvin, F., Lacroix, J., & Janvier, A. (2013). Modes of death in pediatrics: Differences in the ethical approach in neonatal and pediatric patients. Journal of Pediatrics, 162(6), 1107–1111. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.12.008
  • Harper, M., O’Connor, R. C., & O’Carroll, R. E. (2014). Factors associated with grief and depression following the loss of a child: A multivariate analysis. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 1(3), 247–252. doi:10.1080/13548506.2013.811274
  • Hogan, N. S., Greenfield, D. B., & Schmidt, L. A. (2001). Development and validation of the Hogan grief reaction checklist. Death Studies, 25, 1–32. doi:10.1080/07481180125831
  • Hunt, S., & Greeff, A. P. (2011–2012). Parental bereavement: A panoramic view. Omega, 64(1), 41–63. doi:10.2190/om.64.1.d
  • Kars, M. C., Grypdonck, M. H., Beishuizen, A., Meijer-van den Bergh, E. M., & van Delden, J. J. (2010). Factors influencing parental readiness to let their child with cancer die. Pediatric Blood Cancer, 54(7), 1000–1008. doi:10.1002/pbc.22532
  • Kars, M. C., Grypdonck, M. H., & van Delden, J. J. (2011). Being a parent of a child with cancer throughout the end-of-life course. Oncology Nursing Forum, 38(4), E260–E271. doi:10.1188/11.onf.e260-e271
  • Kavanaugh, K., & Hershberger, P. (2005). Perinatal loss in low-income African American parents: The lived experience. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecological and Neonatal Nursing, 34(5), 595–605. doi:10.1177/0884217505280000
  • Kovarsky, R. S. (1989). Loneliness and disturbed grief: A comparison of parents who lost a child to suicide or accidental death. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 3(2), 86–96.
  • Laasko, H., & Paunonen-Ilmonen, J. (2002). Mothers’ experience of social support following the death of a child. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 11, 176–185. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2702.2002.00611.x
  • Lannen, P. K., Wolfe, J., Prigerson, H. G., Onelov, E., & Kreicbergs, U. C. (2008). Unresolved grief in a national sample of bereaved parents: Impaired mental and physical health 4 to 9 years later. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 26(36), 5870–5876. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.14.6738
  • Laurie, A., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2008). African Americans in bereavement: Grief as a function of ethnicity. Omega, 57(2), 173–193. doi:10.2190/om.57.2.d
  • Li, J., Johansen, C., Hansen, D., & Olsen, J. (2002). Cancer incidence in parents who lost a child: A nationwide study in Denmark. Cancer, 95, 2237–2242. doi:10.1002/cncr.10943
  • Li, J., Laursen, T. M., Precht, D. H., Olsen, J., & Mortensen, P. B. (2005). Hospitalization for mental illness among parents after the death of a child. New England Journal of Medicine, 352, 1190–1196. doi:10.1016/s0084-3970(08)70158-0
  • Li, J., Precht, D. H., Mortensen, P. B., & Olsen, J. (2003). Mortality in parents after death of a child in Denmark: A nationwide follow-up study. Lancet, 361, 363–367. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12387-2
  • Lindqvist, P., Johansson, L., & Karlsson, U. (2008). In the aftermath of teenage suicide: A qualitative study of the psychosocial consequences for the surviving family members. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 26–32. doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-26
  • Lobar, S. L., Youngblut, J. M., & Brooten, D. (2006). Cross-cultural beliefs, ceremonies, and rituals surrounding death of a loved one. Pediatric Nursing, 32, 44–50.
  • Malkinson, R., & Bar-Tur, L. (2005). Long term bereavement processes of older parents: The three phases of grief. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 50, 103–129. doi:10.2190/w346-up8t-rer6-bbd1
  • Meert, K., Briller, S., Schim, S., & Thurston, C. (2008). Exploring parents’ environmental needs at the time of a child’s death in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 9(6), 623–628. doi:10.1097/pcc.0b013e31818d30d5
  • Meert, K. L., Briller, S. H., Schim, S. M., Thurston, C., & Kabel, A. (2009). Examining the needs of bereaved parents in the pediatric intensive care unit: A qualitative study. Death Studies, 33, 712–740. doi:10.1080/07481180903070434
  • Meert, K. L., Donaldson, A. E., Newth, C. J. L., Harrison, R., Berger, J., Zimmerman, J., …  Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network. (2010). Complicated grief and associated risk factors among parents following a child’s death in a pediatric intensive care unit. Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, 164, 1045–1056. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.187
  • Meert, K. L., Shear, K., Newth, C. J., Harrison, R., Berger, J., Zimmerman, J., …  Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network. (2011). Follow-up study of complicated grief among parents 18 months after a child’s death in the pediatric intensive care unit. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 14(2), 207–214. doi:10.1089/jpm.2010.0291
  • Meert, K. L., Thurston, C. S., & Thomas, R. (2001). Parental coping and bereavement outcome after the death of a child in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 2(4), 324–328. doi:10.1097/00130478-200110000-00007
  • Michon, B., Balkou, S., Hivon, R., & Cyr, C. (2003). Death of a child: Parental perception grief intensity-end-of-life and bereavement care. Pediatric Child Health, 8(6), 363–366.
  • Mitchell, A. M., Sakraida, T. J., Kim, Y., Bullian, L., & Chiappetta, L. (2009). Depression, anxiety and quality of life in suicide survivors: A comparison of close and distant relationships. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 23(1), 2–10. doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2008.02.007
  • Murphy, S. A., Johnson, L. C., Chung, I. J., & Beaton, R. D. (2003). The prevalence of PTSD following the violent death of a child and predictors of change 5 years later. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(17), 17–25. doi:10.1023/a:1022003126168
  • O’Leary, J., & Warland, J. (2013). Untold stories of infant loss: The importance of contact with the baby for bereaved parents. Journal of Family Nursing, 19(3), 324–347. doi:10.1177/1074840713495972
  • Price, S. K. (2007). Social work, siblings and SIDS: Conceptual and case based guidance for family system intervention. Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Palliative Care, 3(3), 81–100. doi:10.1300/j457v03n03_07
  • Reilly, D. E., Huws, J. C., Hastings, R. P., & Vaughan, F. L. (2008). “When your child dies you don’t belong in that world any more”: Experiences of mothers whose child with an intellectual disability has died. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 21, 546–560. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3148.2008.00427.x
  • Rini, A., & Loriz, L. (2007). Anticipatory mourning in parents with a child who dies while hospitalized. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 22, 272–282. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2006.08.008
  • Rodgers, C., Floyd, F., Seltzer, M., Greenberg, J., & Hong, J. (2008). Long-term effects of the death of a child on parents’ adjustment in midlife. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(2), 203–211. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.22.2.203
  • Ronen, R., Packman, W., Field, N. P., Davies, B., Kramer, R., & Long, J. K. (2009). The relationship between grief adjustment and continuing bonds for parents who have lost a child. Omega: The Journal of Death and Dying, 60(1), 1–31. doi:10.2190/om.60.1.a
  • Rostila, M., Saarela, J., & Kawachi, I. (2012). Mortality in parents following the death of a child: A nationwide follow-up study from Sweden. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 66(10), 927–933. doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200339
  • Rubin, S. S., & Malkinson, R. (2001). Parental response to child loss across the life-cycle: Clinical and research perspectives. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping and care (pp. 219–240), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Scholtes, D., & Browne, M. (2015). Internalized and externalized continuing bonds in bereaved parents: Their relationship with grief intensity and personal growth. Death Studies, 39, 75–83. doi:10.1080/07481187.2014.890680
  • Shapiro, E. R. (1995). Grief in family and cultural context: Learning from Latino families. Cultural Diversity and Mental Health, 1, 159–176. doi:10.1037/1099-9809.1.2.159
  • Sirkia, K., Saarinen-Pihkala, U. M., & Hovi, L. (2000). Coping of parents and siblings with the death of a child with cancer: Death after terminal care compared with death during active anticancer therapy. Acta Paediatrica, 89, 717–721. doi:10.1080/080352500750044070
  • Stroebe, M., Finkenauer, C., Wijngaards-de Meij, L., Schut, H., van den Bout, J., & Stroebe, W. (2013). Partner-oriented self-regulation among bereaved parents: The costs of holding in grief for the partner’s sake. Psychological Science, 24(4), 395–402. doi:10.1177/0956797612457383
  • Surkan, P. J., Rådestad, I., Cnattingius, S., Steineck, G., & Dickman, P. W. (2009). Social support after stillbirth for prevention of maternal depression. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 88, 1358–1364. doi:10.3109/00016340903317974
  • Werthmann, J., Smits, L. J. M., & Li, J. (2010). Parental mortality rates in a western country after the death of a child: Assessment of the role of the child’s sex. Gender Medicine, 7(1), 39–46. doi:10.1016/j.genm.2010.02.002
  • Whitaker, C., Kavanaugh, K., & Klima, C. (2010). Perinatal grief in Latino parents. American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 35(6), 341–345. doi:10.1097/nmc.0b013e3181f2a111
  • Wijngaards-De Meij, L., Stroebe, M., Stroebe, W., Schut, H., & Van Den Bout, J. (2008). The impact of circumstances surrounding the death of a child on parents’ grief. Death Studies, 32, 237–252. doi:10.1080/07481180701881263
  • Wood, J. D., & Milo, E. (2001). Fathers’ grief when a disabled child dies. Death Studies, 25, 635–661. doi:10.1080/713769895
  • Youngblut, J. M., & Brooten, D. (2012). Perinatal and pediatric issues in palliative and end of life care from the 2011 Summit on the science of compassion. Nursing Outlook, 60, 343–350. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2012.08.007
  • Youngblut, J. M., & Brooten, D. (2013). Parent report of child response to sibling death in a neonatal or pediatric ICU. American Journal of Critical Care, 13, 474–481.
  • Youngblut, J. M., Brooten, D., Cantwell, G. P., del Moral, T., & Totapally, B. (2013). Parent health and functioning 13 months after infant or child NICU/PICU death. Pediatrics, 132(5), e1295–e1301. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-1194
  • Zetumer, S., Young, I., Shear, K., Skritskaya, N., Lebowitz, B., Simon, N., … & Zisook, S. (2015). The impact of losing a child on the clinical presentation of complicated grief. Journal of Affective Disorders, 170, 15–21. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.021
  • Zhang, B., El-Jawahri, A., & Prigerson, H. G. (2006). Update on bereavement research: Evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of complicated bereavement. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 9(5), 1188–1203. doi:10.1089/jpm.2006.9.1188

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.