References
- Arias, E., & Xu, J. (2019). United States Life Tables, 2017. In National vital statistics reports: From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System (Vol. 68, pp. 1–66). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_07-508.pdf
- Badoo. (2012). Generation lonely? 39 percent of Americans spend more time socializing online than face-to-face. Retrieved June 24, 2019, from http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/generation-lonely-39-percent-americans-spend-more-time-socializing-online-than-face-1648444.htm?mwfsmw
- Balk, D. E., Walker, A. C., & Baker, A. (2010). Prevalence and severity of college student bereavement examined in a randomly selected sample. Death Studies, 34(5), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180903251810
- Bell, J., Bailey, L., & Kennedy, D. (2015). ‘We do it to keep him alive': bereaved individuals' experiences of online suicide memorials and continuing bonds.” Mortality (Abingdon, England)), 20(4), 375–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576275.2015.1083693
- Braudt, D. B., Lawrence, E. M., Tilstra, A. M., Rogers, R. G., & Hummer, R. A. (2019). Family socioeconomic status and early life mortality risk in the United States. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 23(10), 1382–1391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-019-02799-0
- Brubaker, J. R., Dombrowski, L. S., Gilbert, A. M., Kusumakaulika, N., & Hayes, G. R. (2014). Stewarding a legacy. In Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI ’14 (pp. 4157–4166). ACM Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557059
- Brubaker, J. R., & Callison-Burch, V. (2016). Legacy contact. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 2908–2919). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858254
- Brubaker, J. R., Hayes, G. R., & Dourish, P. (2013). Beyond the grave: Facebook as a site for the expansion of death and mourning. The Information Society, 29(3), 152–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2013.777300
- Carroll, B., & Landry, K. (2010). Logging on and letting out: Using online social networks to grieve and to mourn. Bulletin of Science Technology & Society, 30(5), 341–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0270467610380006
- Christodoulou, H. (2018, December 30). This is what happens to ALL your social media accounts after you die. The Sun. https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/2441047/what-happens-social-media-accounts-when-you-die/
- Fereday, J., & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2006). Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1), 80–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690600500107
- Gibbs, M., Meese, J., Arnold, M., Nansen, B., & Carter, M. (2015). Funeral and Instagram: Death, social media, and platform vernacular. Information, Communication & Society, 18(3), 255–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2014.987152
- GlobalWebIndex. (2017). GWI social: Quarterly report on the latest trends in social networking. http://insight.globalwebindex.net/hubfs/GWI-Social-Q3-2016-Summary.pdf
- Herberman Mash, H. B., Fullerton, C. S., & Ursano, R. J. (2013). Complicated grief and bereavement in young adults following close friend and sibling loss. Depression and Anxiety, 30(12), 1202–1210. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22068
- Heron, M. (2019). Deaths: Leading causes for 2017. In National vital statistics reports: From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System (Vol. 68, pp. 1–77). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
- Hiscock, M. (2019, June 26). Dead Facebook users will soon outnumber the living. The Loop.
- Jiang, J., Chen, E., Yan, S., Lerman, K., & Ferrara, E. (2020). Political polarization drives online conversations about COVID ‐19 in the United States. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(3), 200–211. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.202
- Kübler-Ross, E., Wessler, S., & Avioli, L. V. (1972). On death and dying. JAMA, 221(2), 174–179. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1972.03200150040010
- Leaver, T., & Highfield, T. (2018). Visualising the ends of identity: pre-birth and post-death on Instagram. Information, Communication & Society, 21(1), 30–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1259343
- Lipp, N. S.., & O’Brien, K. M. (2020). Bereaved college students: Social support, coping style, continuing bonds, and social media use as predictors of complicated grief and posttraumatic growth. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, 003022282094195. [July 2020]. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030222820941952
- Lundorff, M., Holmgren, H., Zachariae, R., Farver-Vestergaard, I., & O'Connor, M. (2017). Prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in adult bereavement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 212, 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.030
- Massimi, M., & Charise, A. (2009). Dying, death, and mortality. In Proceedings of the 27th international conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems - CHI EA ’09 (p. 2459). ACM Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/1520340.1520349
- McHugh, M. L. (2012). Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica, 22(3), 276–282.
- Moore, J., Magee, S., Gamreklidze, E., & Kowalewski, J. (2019). Social media mourning: Using grounded theory to explore how people grieve on social networking sites. Omega, 79(3), 231–259. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030222817709691
- Moreno, M. A., & D’Angelo, J. (2019). Social media intervention design: applying an affordances framework. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(3), e11014. https://doi.org/10.2196/11014
- Musambira, G. W., Hastings, S. O., & Hoover, J. D. (2007). Bereavement, gender, and cyberspace: A content analysis of parents' memorials to their children. Omega, 54(4), 263–279. https://doi.org/10.2190/r865-85x7-15j0-0713
- Nansen, B., O'Donnell, D., Arnold, M., Kohn, T., & Gibbs, M. (2019). Death by Twitter’: Understanding false death announcements on social media and the performance of platform cultural capital. First Monday, 24(12). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v24i12.10106
- Nashrulla, T. (2020, April 23). A grieving family wanted to livestream a coronavirus victim’s funeral. Then his anti-lockdown posts went viral. Buzzfeed News. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/tasneemnashrulla/coronavirus-victim-social-media-post-viral-ohio
- Nesi, J., Choukas-Bradley, S., & Prinstein, M. J. (2018). Transformation of adolescent peer relations in the social media context: Part 2-application to peer group processes and future directions for research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 21(3), 295–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-018-0262-9
- Niederkrotenthaler, T., Till, B., & Garcia, D. (2019). Celebrity suicide on Twitter: Activity, content and network analysis related to the death of Swedish DJ Tim Bergling alias Avicii. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 848–855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.071
- Pennington, N. (2013). You don't de-friend the dead: an analysis of grief communication by college students through Facebook profiles. Death Studies, 37(7), 617–635. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2012.673536
- Roberts, P. (2004). The living and the dead: Community in the virtual cemetery. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, 49(1), 57–76. https://doi.org/10.2190/D41T-YFNN-109K-WR4C
- Rogers, R. G., Lawrence, E. M., Hummer, R. A., & Tilstra, A. M. (2017). Racial/ethnic differences in early-life mortality in the United States. Biodemography and Social Biology, 63(3), 189–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2017.1281100
- Schwartz, M. (2019, April 9). Facebook promises to stop asking you to wish happy birthday to your friend who died. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2019/04/09/711399357/facebook-promises-to-stop-asking-you-to-wish-happy-birthday-to-your-friend-who-d
- Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Switzer, G. E., Primack, B. A., & Choukas-Bradley, S. (2020). Emotional support from social media and face-to-face relationships: Associations with depression risk among young adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 260, 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.092
- Smith, A., Anderson, M. (2018). Social media use in 2018. Retrieved January 24, 2020, from https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/03/01/social-media-use-in-2018/
- Snapchat. (2020). Snapchat support. Retrieved July 30, 2020, from https://support.snapchat.com/en-US/i-need-help?start=5640758388326400
- StataCorp. (2018). Stata statistical software: Version 15. StataCorp.
- Tsaasan, A. M., Kusumakaulika, N., Brubaker, J. R. (2015). Design considerations and implications in post-mortem data management. https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/73729
- World Health Organization. (2020). WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/