Publication Cover
Journal of Loss and Trauma
International Perspectives on Stress & Coping
Volume 27, 2022 - Issue 8
383
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The Transdiagnostic Role of Rumination in the Comorbidity of PTSD and Depression

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 731-745 | Received 08 Nov 2021, Accepted 10 Dec 2021, Published online: 23 Dec 2021

References

  • Adam, J., Verbrugge, B., & Vanden Boer, D. (2014). Hybrid systems of conflict management and community-level efforts to improve local security in Mindanao. Conflict Research Group.
  • Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004
  • Altura, K. C., Patten, S. B., Fiest, K. M., Atta, C., Bulloch, A. G., & Jetté, N. (2016). Suicidal ideation in persons with neurological conditions: Prevalence, associations and validation of the PHQ-9 for suicidal ideation. General Hospital Psychiatry, 42, 22–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.06.006
  • American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) (5th Ed.). American Psychiatric Association.
  • Angelakis, S., & Nixon, R. D. V. (2015). The comorbidity of PTSD and MDD: Implications for clinical practice and future research. Behaviour Change, 32(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2014.26
  • Aroian, L. A. (1947). The probability function of the product of two normally distributed variables. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18(2), 265–271. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177730442
  • Beard, C., Hsu, K. J., Rifkin, L. S., Busch, A. B., & Björgvinsson, T. (2016). Validation of the PHQ-9 in a psychiatric sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 193, 267–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.075
  • Biehn, T. L., Contractor, A., Elhai, J. D., Tamburrino, M., Fine, T. H., Prescott, M. R., Shirley, E., Chan, P. K., Slembarski, R., Liberzon, I., Calabrese, J. R., & Galea, S. (2013). Relations between the underlying dimensions of PTSD and major depression using an epidemiological survey of deployed Ohio National Guard soldiers. Journal of Affective Disorders, 144(1–2), 106–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.013
  • Biehn, T. L., Elhai, J. D., Seligman, L. D., Tamburrino, M., Armour, C., & Forbes, D. (2013). Underlying dimensions of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder symptoms. Psychological Injury and Law, 6(4), 290–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-013-9177-4
  • Birrer, E., & Michael, T. (2011). Rumination in PTSD as well as in traumatized and non-traumatized depressed patients: A cross-sectional clinical study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 39(4), 381–397. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465811000087
  • Contractor, A. A., Durham, T. A., Brennan, J. A., Armour, C., Wutrick, H. R., Christopher Frueh, B., & Elhai, J. D. (2014). DSM-5 PTSD's symptom dimensions and relations with major depression's symptom dimensions in a primary care sample. Psychiatry Research, 215(1), 146–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.10.015
  • Durham, T. A., Byllesby, B. M., Lv, X., Elhai, J. D., & Wang, L. (2018). Anger as an underlying dimension of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Research, 267, 535–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.011
  • Echiverri, A. M., Jaeger, J. J., Chen, J. A., Moore, S. A., & Zoellner, L. A. (2011). “Dwelling in the Past”: The role of rumination in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 18(3), 338–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2010.05.008
  • Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(4), 319–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00123-0
  • Elhai, J. D., Contractor, A. A., Tamburrino, M., Fine, T. H., Cohen, G., Shirley, E., Chan, P. K., Liberzon, I., Calabrese, J. R., & Galea, S. (2015). Structural relations between DSM-5 PTSD and major depression symptoms in military soldiers. Journal of Affective Disorders, 175, 373–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.034
  • Elhai, J. D., Contractor, A. A., Tamburrino, M., Fine, T. H., Prescott, M. R., Shirley, E., Chan, P. K., Slembarski, R., Liberzon, I., Galea, S., & Calabrese, J. R. (2012). The factor structure of major depression symptoms: A test of four competing models using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Psychiatry Research, 199(3), 169–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.05.018
  • Elhai, J. D., de Francisco Carvalho, L., Miguel, F. K., Palmieri, P. A., Primi, R., & Christopher Frueh, B. (2011). Testing whether posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder are similar or unique constructs. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(3), 404–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.003
  • Elhai, J. D., Grubaugh, A. L., Kashdan, T. B., & Frueh, B. C. (2008). Empirical examination of a proposed refinement to DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder symptom criteria using the national comorbidity survey replication data. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(4), 597–602. https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v69n0411
  • Holm, S. (1979). A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 6(2), 65–70.
  • Hu, E., Koucky, E. M., Brown, W. J., Bruce, S. E., & Sheline, Y. I. (2014). The role of rumination in elevating perceived stress in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(10), 1953–1962. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513511697
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Jakupcak, M., Cook, J., Imel, Z., Fontana, A., Rosenheck, R., & McFall, M. (2009). Posttraumatic stress disorder as a risk factor for suicidal ideation in Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(4), 303–306. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20423
  • Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–603. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593
  • Krause, K., Bischof, A., Lewin, S., Guertler, D., Rumpf, H.-J., John, U., & Meyer, C. (2018). Explaining the relation between pathological gambling and depression: Rumination as an underlying common cause. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(2), 384–391. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.38
  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
  • Krüger-Gottschalk, A., Knaevelsrud, C., Rau, H., Dyer, A., Schäfer, I., Schellong, J., & Ehring, T. (2017). The German version of the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): psychometric properties and diagnostic utility. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), 379. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1541-6
  • Lam, K. F. Y., Lim, H. A., Tan, J. Y. S., & Mahendran, R. (2015). The relationships between dysfunctional attitudes, rumination, and non-somatic depressive symptomatology in newly diagnosed Asian cancer patients. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 61, 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.06.001
  • Larner, B., & Blow, A. (2011). A model of meaning-making coping and growth in combat veterans. Review of General Psychology, 15(3), 187–197. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024810
  • Lavender, A., & Watkins, E. (2004). Rumination and future thinking in depression. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43(Pt 2), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466504323088015
  • Lucena-Santos, P., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Carvalho, S. A., & Oliveira, M. d S. (2018). Is the widely used two-factor structure of the Ruminative Responses Scale invariant across different samples of women? Psychology and Psychotherapy, 91(3), 398–416. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12168
  • McLaughlin, K. A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011). Rumination as a transdiagnostic factor in depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(3), 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.12.006
  • Michael, T., Ehlers, A., Halligan, S. L., & Clark, D. M. (2005). Unwanted memories of assault: What intrusion characteristics are associated with PTSD? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(5), 613–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.04.006
  • Michael, T., Halligan, S. L., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2007). Rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 24(5), 307–317. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20228
  • Michl, L. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Shepherd, K., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013). Rumination as a mechanism linking stressful life events to symptoms of depression and anxiety: Longitudinal evidence in early adolescents and adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(2), 339–352. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031994
  • Mordeno, I. G., Carpio, J. G. E., Mendoza, N. B., & Hall, B. J. (2018). The latent structure of major depressive symptoms and its relationship with somatic disorder symptoms among Filipino female domestic workers in China. Psychiatry Research, 270, 587–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.029
  • Mordeno, I. G., Carpio, J. G. E., Nalipay, M. J., & Saavedra, R. L. J. (2017). PTSD's underlying dimensions in Typhoon Haiyan survivors: Assessing DSM-5 symptomatology-based PTSD models and their relation to posttraumatic cognition. The Psychiatric Quarterly, 88(1), 9–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-016-9429-z
  • Moulds, M. L., Bisby, M. A., Wild, J., & Bryant, R. A. (2020). Rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 82, 101910–101916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101910
  • Müller-Engelmann, M., Schnyder, U., Dittmann, C., Priebe, K., Bohus, M., Thome, J., Fydrich, T., Pfaltz, M. C., & Steil, R. (2020). Psychometric properties and factor structure of the German version of the clinician-administered PTSD scale for DSM-5. Assessment, 27(6), 1128–1138. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191118774840
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 569–582. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.100.4.569
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Watkins, E. R. (2011). A heuristic for developing transdiagnostic models of psychopathology: Explaining multifinality and divergent trajectories. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(6), 589–609. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611419672
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x
  • Parola, N., Zendjidjian, X. Y., Alessandrini, M., Baumstarck, K., Loundou, A., Fond, G., Berna, F., Lançon, C., Auquier, P., & Boyer, L. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Ruminative Response Scale-short form in a clinical sample of patients with major depressive disorder. Patient Preference and Adherence, 11, 929–937. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S125730
  • Philippine Army (2018). Philippine army. http://www.army.mil.ph
  • Roley, M. E., Claycomb, M. A., Contractor, A. A., Dranger, P., Armour, C., & Elhai, J. D. (2015). The relationship between rumination, PTSD, and depression symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 180, 116–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.006
  • Ruiz, F. J., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., Riaño-Hernández, D., & Gillanders, D. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire in Colombia. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 49(1), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rlp.2016.09.006
  • Rytwinski, N. K., Rosoff, C. B., Feeny, N. C., & Zoellner, L. A. (2014). Are PTSD treatment choices and treatment beliefs related to depression symptoms and depression-relevant treatment rationales? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 61, 96–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.07.013
  • Rytwinski, N. K., Scur, M. D., Feeny, N. C., & Youngstrom, E. A. (2013). The co-occurrence of major depressive disorder among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26(3), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21814
  • Sauer-Zavala, S., Gutner, C. A., Farchione, T. J., Boettcher, H. T., Bullis, J. R., & Barlow, D. H. (2017). Current definitions of “transdiagnostic” in treatment development: A search for Consensus. Behavior Therapy, 48(1), 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2016.09.004
  • Schiavo-Campo, S., & Judd, M. (2005). The Mindanao conflict in the Philippines: Roots, costs, and potential peace dividend. Conflict Prevention & Reconstruction, Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Network, World Bank.
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. Psychology Press.
  • Schwert, C., Aschenbrenner, S., Weisbrod, M., & Schröder, A. (2017). Cognitive impairments in unipolar depression: The impact of rumination. Psychopathology, 50(5), 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1159/000478785
  • Stander, V. A., Thomsen, C. J., & Highfill-McRoy, R. M. (2014). Etiology of depression comorbidity in combat-related PTSD: A review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.12.002
  • Steele, S. J., Farchione, T. J., Cassiello-Robbins, C., Ametaj, A., Sbi, S., Sauer-Zavala, S., & Barlow, D. H. (2018). Efficacy of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of comorbid psychopathology accompanying emotional disorders compared to treatments targeting single disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 104, 211–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.005
  • Taylor, B. E., Chekaluk, E., & Bennett, J. (2017). Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety among North Korean refugees: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Investigation, 14(5), 550. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2017.14.5.550
  • Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(3), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023910315561
  • United Nations Organization for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2017). Humanitarian bulletin Philippines. reliefweb.int/sites/relief%0Aweb.int/files/resources/OCHAPhilippines_Humanitarian_%0ABulletin_No6_July_2017_FINAL.pdf
  • van Steenbergen-Weijenburg, K. M., de Vroege, L., Ploeger, R. R., Brals, J. W., Vloedbeld, M. G., Veneman, T. F., Hakkaart-van Roijen, L., Rutten, F. F., Beekman, A. T., & van der Feltz-Cornelis, C. M. (2010). Validation of the PHQ-9 as a screening instrument for depression in diabetes patients in specialized outpatient clinics. BMC Health Services Research, 10(1), 235. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-235
  • Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Palmieri, P. A., Marx, B. P., & Schnurr, P. P. (2013). The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). www.ptsd.va.gov
  • World Health Organization (2016). Process of translation and adaptation of instruments. http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/translation/en/
  • Wortmann, J. H., Jordan, A. H., Weathers, F. W., Resick, P. A., Dondanville, K. A., Hall-Clark, B., Foa, E. B., Young-McCaughan, S., Yarvis, J. S., Hembree, E. A., Mintz, J., Peterson, A. L., & Litz, B. T. (2016). Psychometric analysis of the PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5) among treatment-seeking military service members. Psychological Assessment, 28(11), 1392–1403. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000260

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.