References
- Adler, N. E., & Rehkopf, D. H. (2008). U.S. disparities in health: Descriptions, causes, and mechanisms. Annual Review of Public Health, 29(1), 235–252. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090852
- Agrawal, A., Grant, J. D., Haber, J. R., Madden, P. A. F., Heath, A. C., Bucholz, K. K., & Sartor, C. E. (2017). Differences between White and Black young women in the relationship between religious service attendance and alcohol involvement. American Journal on Addictions, 26(5), 437–445. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.12462
- Alvanzo, A. A. H., Storr, C. L., La Flair, L., Green, K. M., Wagner, F. A., & Crum, R. M. (2011). Race/ethnicity and sex differences in progression from drinking initiation to the development of alcohol dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 118(2–3), 375–382. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.04.024
- Assari, S., Lankarani, M. M., & Burgard, S. (2016). Black-white difference in long-term predictive power of self-rated health on all-cause mortality in United States. Annals of Epidemiology, 26(2), 106–114. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.11.006
- Benjamins, M. R., Hirschman, J., Hirschtick, J., & Whitman, S. (2012). Exploring differences in self-rated health among Blacks, Whites, Mexicans, and Puerto Ricans. Ethnicity and Health, 17(5), 463–476. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2012.654769
- Bilal, U., & Diez-Roux, A. V. (2018). Troubling trends in health disparities. New England Journal of Medicine, 378(16), 1557–1558. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1800328
- Bombak, A. E., & Bruce, S. G. (2012). Self-rated health and ethnicity: Focus on indigenous populations. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 71(1), 18538. doi:https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18538
- Brechting, E. H., Brown, T. L., Salsman, J. M., Sauer, S. E., Holeman, V. T., & Carlson, C. R. (2010). The role of religious beliefs and behaviors in predicting underage alcohol use. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 19(4), 324–334. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2010.502494
- Caetano, R., Baruah, J., & Chartier, K. G. (2011). Ten-year trends (1992 to 2002) in sociodemographic predictors and indicators of alcohol abuse and dependence among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics in the United States. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 35(8), 1458–1466. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01482.x
- Caetano, R., Clark, C. L., & Tam, T. (1998). Alcohol consumption among racial/ethnic minorities: Theory and research. Alcohol Health and Research World, 22(4), 233–241.
- Caldwell, C. H., Sellers, R. M., Bernat, D. H., Zimmerman, M. A., Caldwell Howard, C., Sellers, M., … Zimmerman, A. (2004). Racial identity, parental support, and alcohol use in a sample of academically at-risk African American high school students. American Journal of Community Psychology, 34(1–2), 71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AJCP.0000040147.69287.f7
- Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2015). 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological summary and definitions. Rockville, MD.
- Center for Behavioral Health Statistics. (2016). 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Rockville, MD.
- Cerdá, M., Johnson-Lawrence, V. D., & Galea, S. (2011). Lifetime income patterns and alcohol consumption: Investigating the association between long- and short-term income trajectories and drinking. Social Science and Medicine, 73(8), 1178–1185. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.07.025
- Chartier, K., & Caetano, R. (2010). Ethnicity and health disparities in alcohol research. Alcohol Research & Health : The Journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 33(1–2), 152–160.
- Chen, P., & Jacobson, K. C. (2012). Developmental trajectories of substance use from early adolescence to young adulthood: Gender and racial/ethnic differences. Journal of Adolescent Health, 50(2), 154–163. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.05.013
- Clark, T. T., Belgrave, F. Z., & Abell, M. (2012). The mediating and moderating effects of parent and peer influences upon drug use among African American adolescents. Journal of Black Psychology, 38(1), 52–80. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798411403617
- Collins, R. L., & McNair, L. D. (2002). Minority women and alcohol use. Alcohol Research & Health : The Journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 26(4), 251–256.
- Cooper, D. C., Thayer, J. F., & Waldstein, S. R. (2014). Coping with racism: The impact of prayer on cardiovascular reactivity and post-stress recovery in African American women. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 47(2), 218–230. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-013-9540-4
- Corbin, W. R., Vaughan, E. L., & Fromme, K. (2008). Ethnic differences and the closing of the sex gap in alcohol use among college-bound students. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22(2), 240–248. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013335
- Courtney, K. E., & Polich, J. (2009). Binge drinking in young adults: Data, definitions, and determinants. Psychological Bulletin, 135(1), 142–156. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014414
- Cutler, D. M., & Lleras-Muney, A. (2010). Understanding differences in health behaviors by education. Journal of Health Economics, 29(1), 1–28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2009.10.003
- Devries, K. M., Child, J. C., Bacchus, L. J., Mak, J., Falder, G., Graham, K., … Heise, L. (2014). Intimate partner violence victimization and alcohol consumption in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction, 109(3), 379–391. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12393
- Galobardes, B., Shaw, M., Lawlor, D. A., Lynch, J. W., & Smith, G. D. (2006). Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 1). Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 60(1), 7–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2004.023531
- Gelernter, J., Kranzler, H. R., Sherva, R., Almasy, L., Koesterer, R., Smith, A. H., … Farrer, L. A. (2014). Genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence: Significant findings in African- and European-Americans including novel risk loci. Molecular Psychiatry, 19(1), 41–49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2013.145
- Gradín, C. (2012). Poverty among minorities in the united states: Explaining the racial poverty gap for blacks and Latinos. Applied Economics, 44(29), 3793–3804. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.581219
- Grant, B. F., Chou, S. P., Saha, T. D., Pickering, R. P., Kerridge, B. T., Ruan, W. J., … Hasin, D. S. (2017). Prevalence of 12-month alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder in the United States, 2001–2002 to 2012–2013. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(9), 911–923. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2161
- Grant, J. D., Vergés, A., Jackson, K. M., Trull, T. J., Sher, K. J., & Bucholz, K. K. (2012). Age and ethnic differences in the onset, persistence and recurrence of alcohol use disorder. Addiction, 107(4), 756–765. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03721.x
- Han, B. H., Moore, A. A., Sherman, S., Keyes, K. M., & Palamar, J. J. (2017). Demographic trends of binge alcohol use and alcohol use disorders among older adults in the United States, 2005–2014. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 170, 198–207. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.003
- Hasin, D. S., Stinson, F. S., Ogburn, E., & Grant, B. F. (2007). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(7), 830–842. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.7.830
- Hesselbrock, M. N., Hesselbrock, V. M., Segal, B., Schuckit, M. A., & Bucholz, K. (2003). Ethnicity and psychiatric comorbidity among alcohol-dependent persons who receive inpatient treatment: African Americans, Alaska Natives, Caucasians, and Hispanics. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 27(8), 1368–1373. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ALC.0000080164.21934.F9
- Homish, G. G., Leonard, K. E., & Kearns-Bodkin, J. N. (2006). Alcohol use, alcohol problems, and depressive symptomatology among newly married couples. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 83(3), 185–192. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.10.017
- Huckle, T., You, R. Q., & Casswell, S. (2010). Socio-economic status predicts drinking patterns but not alcohol-related consequences independently. Addiction, 105(7), 1192–1202. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02931.x
- Hughes, T. L., Wilsnack, S. C., & Kristjanson, A. F. (2015). Substance use and related problems among U.S. women who identify as mostly heterosexual. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 803. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2143-1
- Jones-Webb, R. (1998). Drinking patterns and problems among African-Americans: Recent findings. Alcohol Health and Research World, 22(4), 260–264. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15706752
- Jones-Webb, R., & Karriker-Jaffe, K. J. (2013). Neighborhood disadvantage, high alcohol content beverage consumption, drinking norms, and drinking consequences: A mediation analysis. Journal of Urban Health, 90(4), 667–684. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-013-9786-y
- Jones-Webb, R., Karriker-Jaffe, K. J., Zemore, S. E., & Mulia, N. (2016). Effects of economic disruptions on alcohol use and problems: Why do African Americans fare worse? Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 77(2), 261–271. doi:https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2016.77.261
- Jones-Webb, R., McKee, P., Hannan, P., Wall, M., Pham, L., Erickson, D., & Wagenaar, A. (2008). Alcohol and malt liquor availability and promotion and homicide in inner cities. Substance Use and Misuse, 43(2), 159–177. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080701690557
- Kalaydjian, A., Swendsen, J., Chiu, W.-T., Dierker, L., Degenhardt, L., Glantz, M., … Kessler, R. (2009). Sociodemographic predictors of transitions across stages of alcohol use, disorders, and remission in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 50(4), 299–306. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.09.012
- Karriker-Jaffe, K. J. (2013). Neighborhood socioeconomic status and substance use by U.S. adults. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 133(1), 212. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.033
- Katikireddi, S. V., Whitley, E., Lewsey, J., Gray, L., & Leyland, A. H. (2017). Socioeconomic status as an effect modifier of alcohol consumption and harm: Analysis of linked cohort data. The Lancet Public Health, 2(6), e267–e276. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30078-6
- Kendler, K. S., Lönn, S. L., Salvatore, J., Sundquist, J., & Sundquist, K. (2016). Effect of marriage on risk for onset of alcohol use disorder: A longitudinal and co-relative analysis in a Swedish national sample. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(9), 911–918. doi:https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15111373
- Kerr, W. C., Patterson, D., & Greenfield, T. K. (2009). Differences in the measured alcohol content of drinks between black, white and Hispanic men and women in a US national sample. Addiction, 104(9), 1503–1511. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02579.x
- Kwate, N. O. A., & Meyer, I. H. (2009). Association between residential exposure to outdoor alcohol advertising and problem drinking among African American women in New York City. American Journal of Public Health, 99(2), 228–230. doi:https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.132217
- LaVeist, T. A., & Wallace, J. M. (2000). Health risk and inequitable distribution of liquor stores in African American neighborhood. Social Science & Medicine, 51(4), 613–617. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00004-6
- Malone, P. S., Northrup, T. F., Masyn, K. E., Lamis, D. A., & Lamont, A. E. (2012). Initiation and persistence of alcohol use in United States Black, Hispanic, and White male and female youth. Addictive Behaviors, 37(3), 299–305. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.11.010
- McKinney, C. M., Chartier, K. G., Caetano, R., & Harris, T. R. (2012). Alcohol availability and neighborhood poverty and their relationship to binge drinking and related problems among drinkers in committed relationships. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(13), 2703–2727. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260512436396
- Mennis, J., & Stahler, G. J. (2016). Racial and ethnic disparities in outpatient substance use disorder treatment episode completion for different substances. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 63, 25–33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2015.12.007
- Meyers, J. L., Brown, Q., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. (2017). Religiosity, race/ethnicity, and alcohol use behaviors in the United States. Psychological Medicine, 47(1), 103–114. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716001975
- Mulia, N., Karriker-Jaffe, K. J., Witbrodt, J., Bond, J., Williams, E., & Zemore, S. E. (2017). Racial/ethnic differences in 30-year trajectories of heavy drinking in a nationally representative U.S. sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 170, 133–141. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.031
- Mulia, N., Ye, Y., Greenfield, T. K., & Zemore, S. E. (2009). Disparities in alcohol-related problems among White, Black, and Hispanic Americans. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 33(4), 654–662. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00880.x
- Muthén, B. O., & Muthén, L. K. (2000). The development of heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems from ages 18 to 37 in a U.S. national sample. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61(2), 290–300. doi:https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2000.61.290
- Naimi, T. S., Nelson, D. E., & Brewer, R. D. (2010). The intensity of binge alcohol consumption among U.S. adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 38(2), 201–207. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.09.039
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2012). Apparent per capita alcohol consumption: National, state, and regional trends, 1977–2010.
- Okosun, I. S., Seale, J. P., Daniel, J. B., & Eriksen, M. P. (2005). Poor health is associated with episodic heavy alcohol use: Evidence from a national survey. Public Health, 119(6), 509–517. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2004.08.016
- Park, S.-Y., Kolonel, L. N., Lim, U., White, K. K., Henderson, B. E., & Wilkens, L. R. (2014). Alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk among women from five ethnic groups with light to moderate intakes: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. International Journal of Cancer, 134(6), 1504–1510. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28476
- Plant, M. L. (2008). The role of alcohol in women’s lives: A review of issues and responses. Journal of Substance Use, 13(3), 155–191. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14659890802040880
- Pugh, L. A., & Bry, B. H. (2007). The protective effects of ethnic identity for alcohol and marijuana use among Black young adults. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13(2), 187–193. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.13.2.187
- Raley, R. K., Sweeney, M. M., & Wondra, D. (2015). The growing racial and ethnic divide in U.S. marriage patterns. Future of Children, 25(2), 89. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.2015.0014
- Reed, E., Amaro, H., Matsumoto, A., & Kaysen, D. (2009). The relation between interpersonal violence and substance use among a sample of university students: Examination of the role of victim and perpetrator substance use. Addictive Behaviors, 34(3), 316–318. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.10.015
- Reeves, R., & Guyot, K. (2017). Black women are earning more college degrees, but that alone won’t close race gaps. Brookings Institution.
- Rehm, J., Taylor, B., Mohapatra, S., Irving, H., Baliunas, D., Patra, J., & Roerecke, M. (2010). Alcohol as a risk factor for liver cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug and Alcohol Review, 29(4), 437–445. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00153.x
- Rothman, E. F., McNaughton Reyes, L., Johnson, R. M., & LaValley, M. (2012). Does the alcohol make them do it? dating violence perpetration and drinking among youth. Epidemiologic Reviews, 34(1), 103–119. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxr027
- Schinke, S. P., Fang, L., Cole, K. C., & Cohen-Cutler, S. (2011). Preventing substance use among Black and Hispanic adolescent girls: Results from a computer-delivered, motherdaughter intervention approach. Substance Use and Misuse, 46(1), 35–45. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2011.521074
- Slade, T., Chapman, C., Swift, W., Keyes, K., Tonks, Z., & Teesson, M. (2016). Birth cohort trends in the global epidemiology of alcohol use and alcohol-related harms in men and women: Systematic review and metaregression. BMJ Open, 6(10), e011827. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011827
- Stock, M. L., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Houlihan, A. E., Weng, C. Y., Lorenz, F. O., & Simons, R. L. (2013). Racial identification, racial composition, and substance use vulnerability among African American adolescents and young adults. Health Psychology, 32(3), 237. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030149
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2010). Reliability of Key Measures in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (Office of Applied Studies, Methodology Series M-8, HHS Publication No. SMA 09-4425). Rockville, MD, Center for Behavioral Statistics and Quality.
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2017). Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed tables. Rockville, MD, Center for Behavioral Statistics and Quality. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01151.x
- Tan, C. H., Denny, C. H., Cheal, N. E., Sniezek, J. E., & Kanny, D. (2015). Alcohol use and binge drinking among women of childbearing age — United States, 2011–2013. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(37), 1042–1046. doi:https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6437a3
- Vaez, M., & Laflamme, L. (2003). Health behaviors, self-rated health, and quality of life: A study among first-year Swedish University students. Journal of the American College Health Association, 51(4), 156–162. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07448480309596344
- Vourakis, C. (2017). Women and binge drinking. Journal of Addictions Nursing, 28(1), 1–3. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000161
- Wannamethee, S. G., Camargo, C. A., Manson, J. E., Willett, W. C., Rimm, E. B., Tl, H., … Ga, C. (2003). Alcohol drinking patterns and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among younger women. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163(11), 1329–1336. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.11.1329
- Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2009). Discrimination and racial disparities in health: Evidence and needed research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32(1), 20–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0
- Williams, D. R., Mohammed, S. A., Leavell, J., & Collins, C. (2010). Race, socioeconomic status, and health: Complexities, ongoing challenges, and research opportunities. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186(1), 69. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05339.x
- Witbrodt, J., Mulia, N., & Zemore, S. (2014). Racial/ethnic disparities in alcohol‐related problems: Differences by gender and level of heavy drinking. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 38(6), 1662–1670. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12398/full
- Xu, J., Kochanek, K., & Murphy, S. (2010). Deaths: Final data for 2007. National Vital Statistics Reports, 58(19), 1–19.
- Zajacova, A., & Dowd, J. B. (2011). Reliability of self-rated health in US adults. American Journal of Epidemiology, 174(8), 977–983. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr204
- Zamboanga, B. L., Schwartz, S. J., Ham, L. S., Borsari, B., & Van Tyne, K. (2010). Alcohol expectancies, pregaming, drinking games, and hazardous alcohol use in a multiethnic sample of college students. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(2), 124. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9234-1
- Zapolski, T. C. B., Pedersen, S. L., McCarthy, D. M., & Smith, G. T. (2014). Less drinking, yet more problems: Understanding African American drinking and related problems. Psychological Bulletin, 140(1), 188–223. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032113
- Zemore, S. E., Mulia, N., Jones-Webb, R. J., Liu, H., & Schmidt, L. (2013). The 2008–2009 recession and alcohol outcomes: Differential exposure and vulnerability for black and Latino populations. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 74(1), 9–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2013.74.9