Women and Substance Abuse: Gender, Age, and Cultural Considerations

REFERENCES

• Andrade , R. , & Stevens , S. ( 2004 , October ). Understanding the lives of Latinas at risk for HIV/AIDS . Paper presented at the National AIDS Awareness Day Symposium , Tucson , AZ .
   Google Scholar
• Andrade , R. , Cameron , M. , Stevens , S. , & Ruiz , B. (2006). Women and substance abuse . Fifth Annual Women's Mental Health Symposium, January 7, 2006, Tucson, AZ.
   Google Scholar
• Andrade , R. , Stevens , S. , & Ruiz , B. ( 2005 ). Understanding the lives of women at-risk for HIV/AIDS . Bridging Science and Culture to Improve Drug Abuse Research in Minority Communities: 2005 Health Disparities Conference. October 24–25, 2005 . Atlanta , GA .
   Google Scholar
• Belenky , M. F. , Bond , L. A. , & Weinstock , J. S. ( 1997 ). A tradition that has no name: Nurturing the development of people, families, and communities . New York : BasicBooks, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Belenky , M. F. , Clinchy , B. M. , Goldberger , N. R. , & Tarule , J. M. ( 1986 ). Women's ways of knowing: The development of self, voice, and mind . New York : BasicBooks, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Berkowitz , G. , Peterson , S. , Smith , E. M. , Taylor , T. , & Brindis , C. ( 1998 ). Community and treatment program challenges for chemically dependent American Indian and Alaska Native women . Contemporary Drug Problems , 25 , 347 – 371 .
   Google Scholar
• Bogart , J. G. , & Stevens , S. J. ( 2004 ). Legal systems issues among drug-involved women enrolled in a community based HIV prevention program . In K. Knight & D. Farabee (Eds.), Treating addicted offenders: A continuum of effective practices . Kingston , NJ : Civic Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Bowles , G. , & Klein , R. D. ( 1983 ). Theories of women's studies . Boston : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Brave Heart , M. Y. H. ( 2003 ). The historical trauma response among natives and its relationship with substance abuse . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 35 , 7 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , S. ( 2006 ). Women, addiction and recovery: A new self . Counselor , 7 , 12 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Chambers , C. D. ( 2005 ). Alcohol consumption among low-income pregnant Latinas . Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research , 11 , 2022 – 2028 .
   Google Scholar
• Chassnoff , I. J. , Landress , H. J. , & Barrett , M. E. ( 1990 ). The prevalence of illicit-drug or alcohol use during pregnancy and discrepancies in mandatory reporting in Pinellas County, Florida . The New England Journal of Medicine , 322 , 1202 – 1206 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cowen , R. L. , Lyoo , I. K. , Sung , S. M. , Ahn , K. H. , Kim , M. J. , et al. . ( 2003 ). Reduced cortical grey matter density in human MDMA (ecstasy) users: A voxel-based morphometry study . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 72 , 225 – 235 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drug and Alcohol Services Information System (DASIS) . ( 2002 ). Black admissions to substance abuse treatment: 1999 . The DASIS Report . SAMHSA, OAS, March 1, 2002 .
   Google Scholar
• Drug and Alcohol Services Information System (DASIS) . ( 2005a ). A comparison of female and male admissions: 2002 . The DASIS Report . SAMHSA, OAS, May 20, 2005 .
   Google Scholar
• Drug and Alcohol Services Information System (DASIS) . ( 2005b ). Hispanic substance abuse treatment admissions: 2003 . The DASIS Report . SAMHSA, OAS, August 19, 2005 .
   Google Scholar
• Drug and Alcohol Services Information System (DASIS) . ( 2005c ). Substance abuse treatment admissions among American Indians and Alaskan Natives: 2002 . The DASIS Report . SAMHSA, OAS, February 11, 2005 .
   Google Scholar
• Drug and Alcohol Services Information System (DASIS) . ( 2005d ). Substance abuse treatment admissions among Asians and Pacific Islanders: 2002 . The DASIS Report . SAMHSA, OAS, June 10, 2005 .
   Google Scholar
• Green , B. L. , Furrer , C. , Worcel , S. , Burrus , S. , & Finigan , M. W. (2007). How effective are family treatment drug courts? Outcomes from a four-site national study. Child Maltreatment , 12, 43–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield , S. F. ( 2006 , July ). Substance abuse treatment outcomes for women . Paper presented at A National Conference on Women, Addiction, and Recovery: News You Can Use , Anaheim , CA .
   Google Scholar
• Grella , C. E. , & Joshi , V. ( 1999 ). Gender differences in drug treatment careers among clients in the national drug abuse treatment outcome study . American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , 25 , 383 – 404 .
   Google Scholar
• Hansen , F. J. , & Osborne , D. ( 1995 ). Portrayal of women and elderly patients in psychotropic drug advertisements . Women and Therapy , 16 , 129 – 141 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandall , S. R. , & Petrillo , J. ( 1996 ). Substance and shadow: Women and addiction in the United States . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan , S. J. , & Alsup , R. ( 1995 ). Participatory action research: A creative response to AIDS prevention in diverse communities . Convergence , 28 , 38 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Lanzetta , B. J. ( 2005 ). Radical wisdom: A feminist mystical theology . Minneapolis , MN : Fortress Press .
   Google Scholar
• Luther , K. , Stevens , S. J. , Bracamonte Wiggs , C. , & Ruiz , B. ( 2005 , April ). Perception of gender roles among Latino/a adolescents at-risk for HIV and substance use . Paper presented at the Epidemiology in Arizona Forum , Tucson , AZ .
   Google Scholar
• MacMaster , S. A. ( 2005 ). Experiences with, and perceptions of, barriers to substance abuse and HIV services among African American women who use crack cocaine . Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse , 4 , 53 – 75 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mancall , P. C. ( 1995 ). Men, women, and alcohol in Indian villages in the Great Lakes Region in the early republic . Journal of the Early Republic , 15 , 425 – 448 .
   Google Scholar
• McTaggart , R. ( 1997 ). Participatory action research, international contexts and consequences . Albany , NY : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Murphy , B. S. , & Stevens , S. J. ( 2001 , April ). Environmental stress among Latino and non-Latino adolescent substance abusers enrolled in a residential substance abuse treatment program . Paper presented at the National Association for Chicana and Chicano Studies National Conference , Tucson , AZ .
   Google Scholar
• National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse. ( 2006 ). Women under the influence . Baltimore , MD : The Johns Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• National Survey on Drug Use and Health . ( 2005 ). Gender differences in substance abuse dependence among women . The NSDUH Report . Published by OAS, SAMHSA, September 16, 2005 .
   Google Scholar
• Nuño , T. , Romero , A. , Orduna , M. , Estrada , A. , & Stevens , S. ( 2006 , November ). Taking a closer look at health disparities within Mexican descent adolescent substance use . Paper presented at the 134th Annual Meeting & Exposition of the American Public Health Association , Boston , MA .
   Google Scholar
• Pederson , C. ( 1988 ). Nunca antes me habían enseñado eso, Capacitación feminista: Metodología/comunicación/ impacto . México : Edición Carolina Carlessi .
   Google Scholar
• Reed , B. G. ( 1985 ). Drug misuse and dependency in women . International Journal of the Addictions , 20 , 13 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmon , M. M. , Joseph , B. M. , Saylor , C. , & Mann , R. J. ( 2000 ). Women's perception of providers, social, and program support in an outpatient drug treatment program . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 19 , 239 – 246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnoll , S. H. , & Weaver , M. F. (1998). Pharmacology: Gender-specific considerations in the use of psychoactive medications. Drug Addiction Research and Health of Women , 223–228. National Institute on Drug Abuse.
   Google Scholar
• Schultes , R. E. , & Hoffman , A. ( 1992 ). Plants of the gods: Their sacred, healing and hallucinogenic powers . Rochester , VT : The Healing Arts Press .
   Google Scholar
• Simoni , J. M. , Sehgal , S. , & Walters , K. L. ( 2004 ). Triangle of risk: Urban American Indian women's sexual trauma, injection drug use, and HIV sexual risk behaviors . AIDS and Behavior , 8 , 33 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sissel , P. A. ( 1996 ). A community-based approach to literacy programs: Taking learners' lives into account . San Francisco : Jossey-Bass Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , S. ( 2006 , January ). Women and substance abuse: A gendered perspective . Paper presented at the Fifth Annual Women's Mental Health Symposium , Tucson , AZ .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , S. J. , & Bogart , J. G. ( 1999 ). Reducing HIV risk behaviors of drug involved women: Medical, social, economic, and legal constraints . In W. N. Elwood (Ed.), Power in the blood: AIDS, politics and communication (pp. 107 – 120 ). Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , S. J. , & Estrada , B. D. ( 1999 , June ). Substance involved women: Ethnic differences, contraceptive practices and HIV sex risk behaviors . Paper presented at the Society for Menstrual Cycle Research: Cycling Towards the Millennium: Interdisciplinary Research on Women's Health , Tucson , AZ .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , S. J. , Estrada , A. L. , Glider , P. J. , & McGrath , R. A. ( 1998 ). Ethnic and cultural differences in drug-using women who are in and out of treatment . Drugs & Society , 13 , 81 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , S. J. , Estrada , B. , Murphy , B. S. , McKnight , K. M. , & Tims , F. ( 2005 ). Gender differences in substance use, mental health, and criminal justice involvement of adolescents at treatment entry and at 3, 6, 12, and 30 month follow-up . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 36 , 13 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , S. J. , Estrada , B. D. , & Villareal , V. V. ( 2003 ). Health disparities and their impact on HIV prevention among an ethnically diverse sample of drug using women living north of the US/Mexico Border . In Conference Proceedings for the XIV International AIDS Conference , 150 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , S. J. , Murphy , B. S. , & McGrath , R. ( 2000 , August ). Residential treatment for substance involved women and children: Outcome findings . Paper presented at the Bridging the Gap: Research and Practice of Substance Abuse Services in Arizona , Prescott , AZ .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , S. J. , Murphy , B. S. , & McKnight , K. ( 2003 ). Traumatic stress and gender differences in relationship to substance abuse, mental health, physical health, and HIV risk behavior in a sample of adolescents enrolled in drug treatment . The Journal of Child Maltreatment , 8 , 46 – 57 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stevens , S. J. , & Patton , T. ( 1998 ). Residential treatment for drug addicted women and their children: Effective treatment strategies . Drugs & Society , 13 , 235 – 250 .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , S. J. , Ruiz , D. , Romero , O. , & Gama , D. ( 1995 , February ). HIV prevention and education: Street outreach for special populations . The Crack Addicted and Intravenous Drug Users . Paper presented at the National Update on AIDS , San Francisco , CA .
   Google Scholar
• Stokols , D. (1996). Translating sociological theory into guidelines for community health promotion. American Journal Health Promotion , 10, 282–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration. ( 2005 ). Substance abuse treatment for persons with co-occurring disorders: A Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP 42) . Washington , DC : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services .
   Google Scholar
• Ward , R. J. , & Coutell , C. ( 2003 ). Women and alcohol susceptibility: Could difference in alcohol metabolism predispose women to alcohol-related diseases ? Archives of Women's Mental Health , 6 , 231 – 238 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wechsberg , W. ( 1995 ). Strategies for working with women substance abusers . In B. S. Brown (Ed.), Substance abuse treatment in the era of AIDS (pp. 119 – 152 ). Rockville , MD : Substance Abuse and Mental Heath Services Administration .
   Google Scholar
• Wechsberg , W. M. , Lam , W. K. K. , Zule , W. A. , & Bobashev , G. ( 2004 ). Efficacy of a woman-focused intervention to reduce HIV risk and increase self-sufficiency among African American crack abusers . American Journal of Public Health , 94 , 1165 – 1173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weir , B. W. , Stark , M. J. , Fleming , D. W. , He , H. , & Tesselaar , H. ( 1998 ). Revealing drug use to prenatal providers: Who tells or who is asked? In S. J. Stevens & H. K. Wexler (Eds.), Women and substance abuse: Gender transparency (pp. 161 – 176 ). New York : The Haworth Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wetherington , C. L. ( 2006 ). Substance abuse: Does gender matter? A National Conference on Women, Addiction, and Recovery: News You Can Use, July 13, 2006 , Anaheim , CA .
   Google Scholar
• Wexler , H. K. , Cuadrado , M. , & Stevens , S. J. ( 1998 ). Residential treatment for women: Behavioral and psychological outcomes . Drugs & Society , 13 , 213 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• White , W. L. ( 1998 ). Slaying the dragon: The history of addiction treatment and recovery in America . Bloomington , IL : Chestnut Health Systems .
   Google Scholar
• White , W. L. , & Kilbourne , J. ( 2006 ). American women and addiction: A cultural double bind . Counselor , 7 , 46 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitten , L. ( 2004 ). Men and women may process cocaine cues differently . NIDA Notes , 19 , 4 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Yount , S. M. ( 2006 ). Use of manzanilla tea during the childbearing period among women of Mexican origin who reside in the U.S.–Mexico border region. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ .
   Google Scholar
• Supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)–National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH) (grant numbers 1 R01 DA 10651 and 1 U01 DA 07470), the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)–Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) (grant numbers H79 TI 14452, KD1 TI 11892, KD1 TI 11422, and 5 HD8 TI00383), and SAMHSA–Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) (grant number 5 U79 SPO7940). The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of NIH–CNIDA, SAMHSA–CCSAT, or SAMHSA–CSAP.
   Google Scholar