The Important Roles of Non-Parental Adults in Vietnamese-American Adolescents' Cultural and Socioemotional Development

REFERENCES

• Beam , M.R. , Chen , C. and Greenberger , E. 2002 . The nature of adolescents' relationships with their “very important” nonparental adults . American Journal of Community Psychology , 30 : 305 – 325 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beam , M.R. , Gil-Rivas , V. , Greenberger , E. and Chen , C . 2002 . Adolescent problem behavior and depressed mood: Risk and protection within and across social contexts . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 31 : 343 – 357 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• California Department of Education . 2004 . Academic performance index growth report , Sacramento , CA : Academic Accountability Team .
   Google Scholar
• Calvete , E. and Cardenoso , O. 2005 . Gender differences in cognitive vulnerability to depression and behavior problems in adolescents . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 33 ( 2 ) : 179 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , C. , Greenberger , E. , Farruggia , S. , Bush , K. and Dong , Q. 2003 . Beyond parents and peers: The role of important non-parental adults (VIPs) in adolescent development in China and the United States . Psychology in the Schools , 40 : 35 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng , S. and Lam , D. 1997 . Relationships among life stress, problem solving, self-esteem, and dysphoria in Hong Kong adolescents: Test of a model . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 16 : 343 – 355 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. 1990 . Things I have learned (so far) . American Psychologist , 45 : 1304 – 1312 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coombs , R. , Paulson , M. and Richardson , M. 1991 . Peer versus parental influence among Hispanic and Anglo children and adolescents . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 20 : 73 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darling , N. , Hamilton , S. , Toyokawa , T. and Matsuda , S. 2002 . Naturally occurring mentoring in Japan and the United States: Social Roles and Correlates . American Journal of Community Psychology , 30 : 245 – 270 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinh , K.T. , Sarason , B.R. and Sarason , I.G. 1994 . Parent-child relationships in Vietnamese families . Journal of Family Psychology , 8 : 471 – 488 .
   Google Scholar
• DuongTran , Q. , Lee , S. and Khoi , S. 1996 . Ethnic and gender differences in parental expectations and life stress . Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal , 13 : 515 – 526 .
   Google Scholar
• Farrell , A.D. and White , K.S. 1998 . Peer influences and drug use among urban adolescents: Family structure and parent-adolescent relationship as protective factors . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 66 : 248 – 258 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn , J. and Checkoway , B. 1998 . Young people as competent community builders: A challenge to social work . Social Work , 43 ( 4 ) : 335 – 345 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn , R. , Ghazal , H. , Legault , L. and Vandermeulen , G. 2004 . Use of population measures and norms to identify resilient outcomes in young people in care: An exploratory study . Child and Family Social Work , 9 : 65 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Galambos , N.L. , Leadbeater , B. and Barker , E. 2004 . Gender differences in and risk factors for depression in adolescence: A 4-year longitudinal study . International Journal of Behavioral Development , 28 ( 1 ) : 16 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garmezy , N. 1991 . Resilience and vulnerability to adverse developmental outcomes associated with poverty . American Behavioral Scientist , 34 : 416 – 430 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garmezy , N. and Masten , A.S. 1991 . “ The protective role of competence indicators in children at risk ” . In Life-span developmental psychology: Perspectives on stress and coping , Edited by: Cummings , E.M. , Green , A.L. and Karraker , K.H. 151 – 174 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Gilligan , R. 1999 . Enhancing the resilience of children and young people in public care by mentoring their talents and interests . Child and Family Social Work , 4 : 187 – 196 .
   Google Scholar
• Greenberger , E. , Chen , C. and Beam , M. 1998 . The role of “very important” nonparental adults in adolescent development . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 27 : 321 – 343 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberger , E. , Chen , C. , Tally , S. and Dong , Q. 2000 . Family, peer, and individual correlates of depressive symptomatology among U.S. and Chinese adolescents . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 68 : 209 – 219 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman , J.B. and Rhodes , J.E. 2002 . The test of time: Predictors and effects of duration in youth mentoring relationships . American Journal of Community Psychology , 30 : 199 – 219 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gur , M. and Miller , L. 2004 . Mentoring improves acceptance of a community intervention for court-referred male persons in need of supervision . Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal , 21 ( 6 ) : 573 – 697 .
   Google Scholar
• Hein , J. 1995 . From Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia: A refugee experience in the United States , New York , NY : Twayne Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton , S.F. and Darling , N. 1996 . “ Mentors in adolescents' lives ” . In Social problems and social contexts in adolescence , Edited by: Hurrelmann , K. and Hamilton , S.F. 121 – 139 . Hawthorne , NY : Aldine .
   Google Scholar
• Hankin , B.L. , Abramson , L.Y. , Moffitt , T.E. , Silva , P.A. , McGee , R. and Angell , K.E. 1998 . Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood: Emerging gender differences in a 10-year longitudinal study . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 107 : 128 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins , J.D. , Catalino , R.F. and Miller , J.Y. 1992 . Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention . Psychological Bulletin , 112 : 64 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jessor , R. 1991 . Risk behavior in adolescence: A psychosocial framework for understanding and action . Journal of Adolescent Health , 12 : 597 – 605 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kibria , N. 1993 . Family tightrope: The changing lives of Vietnamese Americans , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lemon , K , Hines , A. and Merdinger , J. 2005 . From foster care to young adult hood: The role of independent living programs in supporting successful transitions . Children and Youth Service Review , 27 : 251 – 270 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masten , A.S. 1994 . “ Resilience in individual development: Successful adaptation despite risk and adversity ” . In Educational resilience in inner-city America , Edited by: Wang , M. and Gordon , E. W. 3 – 25 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Matsuoka , J. 1990 . Differential acculturation among Vietnamese refugees . Social Work , 35 : 341 – 345 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeagney , T. , Woody , J.D. and D'Souza , H. 2001 . Mentoring at-risk Latino children and their parents: Impact on social skills and problem behaviors . Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal , 18 : 119 – 136 .
   Google Scholar
• Midgley , C. , Maehr , M.L. and Urban , T. 2000 . Manuals for the patterns of adaptive learning survey (PALS) , Ann Arbor , MI : University of Michigan .
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen , H.H. and Eye , A.V. 2002 . The Acculturation Scale for Vietnamese Adolescents (ASVA): A bidimensional perspective . International Journal of Behavioral Development. , 26 : 202 – 213 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen , H.H. , Messe , L.A. and Stollak , G.E. 1999 . Toward a more complex understanding of acculturation and adjustment . Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology , 30 : 5 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff , L.S. 1977 . The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population . Applied Psychology Measurement , 1 : 385 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes , J.E. 2005 . “ Someone to watch over me: Mentoring programs in the after-school lives of children and adolescents ” . In Organized activities as contexts of development: Extracurricular activities, after-school and community programs , Edited by: Mahoney , J. and Larson , R. 419 – 435 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Rhodes , J.E. , Grossman , J.B. and Roffman , J. 2002 . “ A rhetoric and reality of youth mentoring ” . In A critical view of youth mentoring , Edited by: Rhodes , J. E. San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Richman , J. , Rosenfield , L. and Bowen , G. 1998 . Social support for adolescents at risk of school failure . Social Work , 43 ( 4 ) : 309 – 322 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rishel , C. , Sales , E. and Koeske , G. 2005 . Relationships with non-parental adults and child behavior . Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal , 22 ( 1 ) : 19 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , A. , Seidman , E. , Pedersen , S. , Chesir-Teran , D. , Allen , L. Aber , L. 2000 . Perceived family and peer transactions and self-esteem among urban early adolescents . Journal of Early Adolescence , 20 : 68 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , A. and Taylor , A. 1997 . Intergenerational mentoring: A viable strategy for meeting the needs of vulnerable youth . Journal of Gerontological Social Work , 28 ( 1/2 ) : 125 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg , M. 1965 . Society and the adolescent self-image , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shaker , P. and Brown , H. 1973 . Indochina is people , Philadelphia , PA : United Church Press .
   Google Scholar
• Singelis , T.M. , Triandis , H.C. , Bhawuk , D. and Gelfand , M.J. 1995 . Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement . Cross-Cultural Research , 29 : 240 – 275 .
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg , L. 1999 . Adolescence , 5th , Boston , MA : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Streeter , C. and Franklin , C. 1992 . Defining and measuring social support: Guidelines for social work practitioners . Research on Social Work Practice , 2 : 81 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , L. and Vance , L. 2001 . The impact of mentoring on academic achievement of at-risk youth . Children and Youth Service Review , 23 ( 3 ) : 227 – 242 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triandis , H.C. 1995 . Individualism and collectivism , Boulder , CO : Westview .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Bureau of the Census . 2000 . Statistical abstract of the United States: 2000 , Washington , DC : U.S. Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Westermeyer , J. 1991 . “ Psychiatric services for refugee children: An overview ” . In Refugee children: Theory, research, and services , Edited by: Ahearn , F. and Athey , J. 127 – 162 . Baltimore , MD : The John Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zhou , M. and Bankston , C.L. 1998 . Growing up American: How Vietnamese children adapt to life in the United States , New York , NY : Russell Sage Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman , M.A. , Bingenheimer , J.B. and Notaro , P. 2002 . Natural mentors and adolescent resiliency: A study with urban youth . American Journal of Community Psychology , 30 : 221 – 243 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar