Weight stigma: a potential barrier to psychiatric/mental health medication care

References

• Abrams, Z. (2022). The burden of weight stigma. American Psychiatric Association. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2022/03/news-weight-stigma
   Google Scholar
• Agell, G., & Rothblum, E. D. (1991). Effects of clientsʼ obesity and gender on the therapy judgments of psychologists. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 22(3), 223–229. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.22.3.223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberga, A. S., Edache, I. Y., Forhan, M., & Russell-Mayhew, S. (2019). Weight bias and health care utilization: A scoping review. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 20, 20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423619000227
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberga, A. S., Pickering, B. J., Alix Hayden, K., Ball, G. D. C., Edwards, A., Jelinski, S. … Russell-Mayhew, S. (2016). Weight bias reduction in health professionals: A systematic review. Clinical Obesity, 6(3), 175–188. doi:10.1111/cob.12147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alegria Drury, C. A., & Louis, M. (2002). Exploring the association between body weight, stigma of obesity, and health care avoidance. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 14(12), 554. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2002.tb00089.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Byrne, S. K. (2008). Healthcare avoidance: A critical review. Holistic Nursing Practice, 22(5), 280–292. doi:10.1097/01.hnp.0000334921.31433.c6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen, C., & Gonzales, L. (2022). Understanding weight stigma in eating disorder treatment: Development and initial validation of a treatment-based stigma scale. Journal of Health Psychology, 27(13), 1. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053221079177
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciao, A. C., & Latner, J. D. (2011). Reducing obesity stigma: The effectiveness of cognitive dissonance and social consensus interventions. Obesity, 19(9), 1768–1774. doi:10.1038/oby.2011.106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtemanche, C., Marton, J., Ukert, B., Yelowitz, A., & Zapata, D. (2018). Effects of the affordable care act on health care access and self-assessed health after 3 years. Inquiry: A Journal of Medical Care Organization, Provision and Financing, 55, 46958018796361. doi:10.1177/0046958018796361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis-Coelho, K., Waltz, J., & Davis-Coelho, B. (2000). Awareness and prevention of bias against fat clients in psychotherapy. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 31(6), 682–684. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.31.6.682
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durso, L. E., & Latner, J. D. (2008). Understanding self-directed stigma: Development of the weight bias internalization scale. Obesity, 16(S2), S80–86. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.448
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act, Michigan Compiled Laws § 37.2101ff (1976).
   Google Scholar
• Harrop, E. N. (2019). 3201 patient perceptions of healthcare provider interactions among higher-weight women with eating disorders: Opportunities for earlier screening, improved referral, and increased clinician rapport. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 3(s1), 151. doi:10.1017/cts.2019.343
   Google Scholar
• Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Keyes, K. M., & Hasin, D. S. (2009). Associations between perceived weight discrimination and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the general population. Obesity, 17(11), 2033–2039. doi:10.1038/oby.2009.131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himmerich, H., Minkwitz, J., & Kirkby, K. C. (2015). Weight gain and metabolic changes during treatment with antipsychotics and antidepressants. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets, 15(4), 252–260. doi:10.2174/1871530315666150623092031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, C., & Paradise, J. (2008). Health Insurance and access to health care in the United States. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1136(1), 149–160. doi:10.1196/annals.1425.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, G., & Degher, D. (1993). Coping with a deviant identity. Deviant Behavior, 14(4), 297–315. doi:10.1080/01639625.1993.9967948
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunger, J. M., & Major, B. (2015). Weight stigma mediates the association between bmi and self-reported health. Health Psychology, 34(2), 172–175. doi:10.1037/hea0000106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunger, J. M., Major, B., Blodorn, A., & Miller, C. T. (2015). Weighed down by stigma: How weight-based social identity threat contributes to weight gain and poor health. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 9(6), 255–268. doi:10.1111/spc3.12172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IBM Corp. (2022). IBM SPSS Statistics for Mac, Version 28.0. Released. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
   Google Scholar
• Klein, C. C., Topalian, A. G., Starr, B., Welge, J., Blom, T., Starr, C. … Hutton, J. J. (2020). The importance of second-generation antipsychotic-related weight gain and adherence barriers in youth with bipolar disorders: Patient, parent, and provider perspectives. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 30(6), 376–380. doi:10.1089/cap.2019.0184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. A., & Pausé, C. J. (2016). Stigma in practice: Barriers to health for fat women. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(2063). doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02063
   Google Scholar
• Lillis, J., Luoma, J. B., Levin, M. E., & Hayes, S. C. (2010). Measuring weight self-stigma: The weight self-stigma questionnaire. Obesity, 18(5), 971–976. doi:10.1038/oby.2009.353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Major, B., Eliezer, D., & Rieck, H. (2012). The psychological weight of weight stigma. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(6), 651–658. doi:10.1177/1948550611434400
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marques, L., Alegria, M., Becker, A. E., Chen, C., Fang, A., Chosak, A., & Diniz, J. B. (2011). Comparative prevalence, correlates of impairment, and service utilization for eating disorders across US ethnic groups: Implications for reducing ethnic disparities in health care access for eating disorders. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 44(5), 412–420. doi:10.1002/eat.20787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauldin, K., May, M., & Clifford, D. (2022). The consequences of a weight‐centric approach to healthcare: A case for a paradigm shift in how clinicians address body weight. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 37(6), 1291–1306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCloughen, A., & Foster, K. (2011). Weight gain associated with taking psychotropic medication: An integrative review. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 20(3), 202–222. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0349.2010.00721.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mensinger, J. L., Tylka, T. L., & Calamari, M. E. (2018). Mechanisms underlying weight status and healthcare avoidance in women: A study of weight stigma, body-related shame and guilt, and healthcare stress. Body Image, 25, 139–147. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.03.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, J. E., Selzer, F., Kalarchian, M. A., Devlin, M. J., Strain, G. W., Elder, K. A. … Yanovski, S. Z. (2012). Psychopathology before surgery in the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery-3 (LABS-3) psychosocial study. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 8(5), 533–541. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2012.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mühlhans, B., Horbach, T., & de Zwaan, M. (2009). Psychiatric disorders in bariatric surgery candidates: A review of the literature and results of a German prebariatric surgery sample. General Hospital Psychiatry, 31(5), 414–421. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Association of Social Workers. (2021). Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Retrieved from: https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics-English
   Google Scholar
• Pearl, R. L., & Puhl, R. M. (2018). Weight bias internalization and health: A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 19(8), 1141–1163. doi:10.1111/obr.12701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persky, S., & Eccleston, C. P. (2011). Impact of genetic causal information on medical students’ clinical encounters with an obese virtual patient: Health promotion and social stigma. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 41(3), 363–372. doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9242-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phelan, S. M., Burgess, D. J., Yeazel, M. W., Hellerstedt, W. L., Griffin, J. M., & Van Ryn, M. (2015). Impact of weight bias and stigma on quality of care and outcomes for patients with obesity. Obesity Reviews, 16(4), 319–326. doi:10.1111/obr.12266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poon, M. -Y., & Tarrant, M. (2009). Obesity: Attitudes of undergraduate student nurses and registered nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(16), 2355–2365. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02709.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poustchi, Y., Saks, N. S., Piasecki, A. K., Hahn, K. A., & Ferrante, J. M. (2013). Brief intervention effective in reducing weight bias in medical students. Family Medicine, 45(5), 345–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl, R. M., Andreyeva, T., & Brownell, K. D. (2008). Perceptions of weight discrimination: Prevalence and comparison to race and gender discrimination in America. International Journal of Obesity, 32(6), 992–1000. doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl, R. M., & Heuer, C. A. (2010). Obesity stigma: Important considerations for public health. American Journal of Public Health, 100(6), 1019–1028. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.159491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl, R. M., Himmelstein, M. S., & Quinn, D. M. (2018). Internalizing weight stigma: Prevalence and sociodemographic considerations in US adults. Obesity, 26(1), 167–175. doi:10.1002/oby.22029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl, R. M., Latner, J. D., King, K. M., & Luedicke, J. (2014). Weight bias among professionals treating eating disorders: Attitudes about treatment and perceived patient outcomes. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(1), 65–75. doi:10.1002/eat.22186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl, R. M., Latner, J. D., O’brien, K., Luedicke, J., Danielsdottir, S., & Forhan, M. (2015). A multinational examination of weight bias: Predictors of anti-fat attitudes across four countries. International Journal of Obesity, 39(7), 1166–1173. doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl, R. M., Lessard, L. M., Himmelstein, M. S., Foster, G. D., & Jackson, S. E. (2021). The roles of experienced and internalized weight stigma in healthcare experiences: Perspectives of adults engaged in weight management across six countries. Plos One, 16(6), e0251566. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl, R. M., Luedicke, J., & Grilo, C. M. (2014). Obesity bias in training: Attitudes, beliefs, and observations among advanced trainees in professional health disciplines. Obesity, 22(4), 1008–1015. doi:10.1002/oby.20637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl, R., Peterson, J. L., & Luedicke, J. (2013). Fighting obesity or obese persons? Public perceptions of obesity-related health messages. International Journal of Obesity, 37(6), 774–782. doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.156
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl, R., Quinn, D., Weisz, B., Suh, Y., Puhl, R. M., Quinn, D. M. … Suh, Y. J. (2017). The role of stigma in weight loss maintenance among U.S. adults. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 51(5), 754–763. doi:10.1007/s12160-017-9898-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl, R. M., Schwartz, M. B., & Brownell, K. D. (2005). Impact of perceived consensus on stereotypes about obese people: A new approach for reducing bias. Health Psychology, 24(5), 517–525. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.5.517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl, R., & Suh, Y. (2015). Health consequences of weight stigma: Implications for obesity prevention and treatment. Current Obesity Reports, 4(2), 182–190. doi:10.1007/s13679-015-0153-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabin, J. A., Marini, M., Nosek, B. A., & Fielding, R. (2012). Implicit and explicit anti-fat bias among a large sample of medical doctors by BMI, race/ethnicity and gender. Plos One, 7(11), 1–7. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048448
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarbrough, J. A. (2018). The growing importance of mental health parity. American Journal of Law & Medicine, 44(2/3), 453–474. doi:10.1177/0098858818789432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, M. B., Chambliss, H. O., Brownell, K. D., Blair, S. N., & Billington, C. (2003). Weight bias among health professionals specializing in obesity. Obesity Research, 11(9), 1033–1039. doi:10.1038/oby.2003.142
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shonrock, A. T., Miller, J. C., Byrd, R., Sall, K. E., Jansen, E., Carraway, M., Campbell, L., … Carels, R. A. (2022). Experienced weight stigma, internalized weight bias, and maladaptive eating patterns among heterosexual and sexual minority individuals. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 27(8), 3487–3497. doi:10.1007/s40519-022-01486-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sockalingam, S., Hawa, R., Micula-Gondek, W., Lundblad, W., & Fertig, A. (2016). Resource document on bariatric surgery and psychiatric care. American Psychiatric Association. https://psychiatry.org/getattachment/501ceaf2-3d6f-449c-bbc9-6af3631e7bd4/Resource-Document-2016-Bariatric-Surgery-and-Primary-Care.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sofer, D. (2019). The number of uninsured Americans is on the rise again. The American Journal of Nursing, 119(4), 15. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000554536.64901.d4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, O., & Werner, P. (2012). Israeli dietitians’ professional stigma attached to obese patients. Qualitative Health Research, 22(6), 768–776. doi:10.1177/1049732311431942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, (2015). Racial/Ethnic differences in mental health service use among adults. (Report No. SMA-15-4906). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/MHServicesUseAmongAdults/MHServicesUseAmongAdults.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Usher, K., Park, T., & Foster, K. (2013). The experience of weight gain as a result of taking second-generation antipsychotic medications: The mental health consumer perspective. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 20(9), 801–806. doi:10.1111/jpm.12019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vartanian, L. R., Pinkus, R. T., & Smyth, J. M. (2014). The phenomenology of weight stigma in everyday life. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(3), 196–202. doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.01.003
   Google Scholar
• Villarroel, M. A., & Cohen, R. A. (2016). Health insurance continuity and health care access and utilization, 2014. NCHS Data Brief, 249, 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, L. H., Kleinman, A., Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C., Lee, S., & Good, B. (2007). Culture and stigma: Adding moral experience to stigma theory. Social Science & Medicine, 64(7), 1524–1535. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, J., Shim, R., & Rust, G. (2012). Health care avoidance among people with serious psychological distress: Analyses of 2007 health information national trends survey. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 23(4), 1620–1629. doi:10.1353/hpu.2012.0189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J. P., Lencz, T., Zhang, R. X., Nitta, M., Maayan, L., John, M. … Correll, C. U. (2016). Pharmacogenetic associations of antipsychotic drug-related weight gain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 42(6), 1418–1437. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar