“Who Does She Think She Is?”—Vernacular Medium and Failed Romance

REFERENCES

• Agnihotri , R. K. and Khanna , K. 1997 . Problematizing English in India , New Delhi , India : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Alexander , R. 2000 . Culture and pedagogy: International comparisons in primary education , Oxford , UK : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Annamalai , E. 2001 . Managing multilingualism in India: Political and linguistic manifestations , New Delhi , India : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Bamberg , M. 1997 . Positioning between structure and performance . Journal of Narrative and Life History , 7 ( 17–4 ) : 335 – 342 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauman , R. 2005 . Commentary: Indirect indexicality, identity, performance: Dialogic observation . Journal of Linguistic Anthropology , 15 ( 1 ) : 145 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• Bhatt , R. M. 2005 . “ Expert discourses, local practices, and hybridity: The case of Indian Englishes ” . In Reclaiming the local in language policy and practice , Edited by: Canagarajah , A. S. 25 – 54 . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu , P. 1991 . Language and symbolic power , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Canagarajah , A. S. 2011 . “ Diaspora communities, language maintenance, and policy dilemmas ” . In Ethnography and language policy , Edited by: McCarty , T. L. 76 – 97 . New York , NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Castells , M. 2000 . The rise of the network society , Oxford , UK : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Chand , V. 2009 . [v]at is going on? Local and global ideologies about Indian English . Language in Society , 38 : 393 – 419 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chand , V. 2011 . Elite positionings towards Hindi: Language policies, political stances, and language competence in India . Journal of Sociolinguistics , 15 ( 1 ) : 6 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhry , P. 1998 . “ Enforcing cultural codes: Gender and violence in northern India ” . In A question of silence? The sexual economies of modern India , Edited by: John , M. E. and Nair , J. 332 – 367 . New Delhi , India : Kali for Women .
   Google Scholar
• De Fina , A. 2006 . “ Group identity, narrative and self-representations ” . In Discourse and identity , Edited by: de Fina , A. , Schiffrin , D. and Bamberg , M. 351 – 375 . Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• De Fina , A. and King , K. A. 2011 . Language problem or language conflict? Narratives of immigrant women's experiences in the US . Discourse Studies , 13 ( 2 ) : 163 – 188 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhanraj , D. , Misra , G. and Batliwala , S. 2004 . “ An action framework for South Asia ” . In The future of women's rights: Global visions and strategies , Edited by: Kerr , J. , Sprenger , E. and Symington , A. 80 – 96 . New York , NY : Zed .
   Google Scholar
• Dua , H. R. 1985 . Language planning in India , New Delhi , India : Harnam .
   Google Scholar
• Gee , J. P. 1992 . The social mind: Language, ideology, and social practice , New York , NY : Bergin & Garvey .
   Google Scholar
• Gee , J. P. 1996 . Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses , 2nd , London , UK : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• Gee , J. P. 2008 . Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses , 3rd ed. , London , UK : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Gubrium , J. F. and Holstein , J. A. 2009 . Analyzing narrative reality , Los Angeles , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Gramsci , A. 1971 . Selections from the prison notebooks of Antonio Gramsci , Edited by: Hoare , Q. and Smith, Trans , G. E. New York , NY : International .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , S. 1996 . “ Introduction: Who needs “identity”? ” . In Questions of cultural identity , Edited by: Hall , S. and Du Gay , P. 1 – 17 . London , UK : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Holquist , M. 2002 . Dialogism: Bakhtin and his world , 2nd , London , UK : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Hossain , T. and Tollefson , J. W. 2007 . “ Language policy in education in Bangladesh ” . In Language policy, culture, and identity in Asian contexts , Edited by: Tsui , A. B. and Tollefson , J. W. Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Hymes , D. H. 1985 . “ Preface ” . In Language of inequality , Edited by: Wolfson , N. and Manes , J. v – viii . Berlin , Germany : Mouton .
   Google Scholar
• Kelkar , M. 1995 . Subordination of women: A new perspective , New Delhi , India : Discovery Publishing House .
   Google Scholar
• Kelkar , G. , Shrestha , G. and Veena , N. 2005 . “ Women's agency and the IT industry in India ” . In Gender and the digital economy: Perspectives from the developing world , Edited by: Ng , C. and Mitter , S. 110 – 131 . New Delhi , India : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Khubchandani , L. M. 1983 . Plural languages, plural cultures: Communication, identity, and sociopolitical change in contemporary India , Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press .
   Google Scholar
• King , K. A. and de Fina , A. 2010 . Language policy and Latina immigrants: An analysis of personal experience and identity in interview talk . Applied Linguistics , 31 ( 5 ) : 651 – 670 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaDousa , C. 2006 . The discursive malleability of an identity: A dialogic approach to language “medium” schooling in North India . Journal of Linguistic Anthropology , 16 ( 1 ) : 36 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• McCarty , T. L. 2011 . “ Entry into conversation: Introducing ethnography and language policy ” . In Ethnography and language policy , Edited by: McCarty , T. L. 1 – 28 . New York , NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• McCarty , T. L. , Romero-Little , M. E. , Warhol , L. and Zepeda , O. 2011 . “ Critical ethnography and indigenous language survival: Some directions in language policy and praxis ” . In Ethnography and language policy , Edited by: McCarty , T. L. 29 – 51 . New York , NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Mohanty , A. K. 2006 . “ Multilingualism of the unequals and predicaments of education in India: Mother tongue or other tongue? ” . In Imagining multilingual schools: Languages in education and glocalization , Edited by: Garcia , O. , Skutnabb-Kangas , T. and Torres-Guzmán , M. E. 262 – 283 . Clevedon , UK : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Mumby , D. K. 1993 . Narrative and social control: Critical perspectives , Newbury, Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Myers-Scotton , C. 1990 . “ Elite closure as boundary maintenance: The case of Africa ” . In Language policy and political development , Edited by: Weinstein , B. 25 – 42 . Norwood , NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Myers-Scotton , C. 1993 . Elite closure as a powerful language strategy: The African case . International Journal of the Sociology of Language , 103 : 149 – 163 .
   Google Scholar
• Myers-Scotton , C. 2006 . Multiple voices: An introduction to bilingualism , Malden , MA : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Nicholas , S. E. 2011 . “How are you Hopi if you can't speak it?” An ethnographic study of language as cultural practice among contemporary Hopi youth ” . In Ethnography and language policy , Edited by: McCarty , T. L. 53 – 75 . New York , NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Pavlenko , A. 2002 . Narrative study: Whose story is it, anyway? . TESOL Quarterly , 36 ( 2 ) : 213 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , E. E. and Langellier , K. M. 2006 . The performance turn in narrative studies . Narrative Inquiry , 16 ( 1 ) : 173 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahim , S. A. 1986 . Language as power apparatus: Observations on English and cultural policy in nineteenth-century India . World Englishes , 5 ( 2–3 ) : 231 – 239 .
   Google Scholar
• Rahman , T. 2007 . “ The role of English in Pakistan with special reference to tolerance and militancy ” . In Language policy, culture, and identity in Asian contexts , Edited by: Tsui , A. B. and Tollefson , J. W. Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Ramanathan , V. 1999 . “English is here to stay”: A critical look at institutional and educational practices in India . TESOL Quarterly , 33 ( 2 ) : 211 – 231 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramanathan , V. 2002 . What does “literate in English” mean? Divergent literary practices for vernacular vs. English medium students in India . Canadian Modern Language Review , 59 ( 1 ) : 125 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Ramanathan , V. 2005 . The English-vernacular divide: Postcolonial language politics and practice , Clevedon , UK : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Ramanathan , V. 2006 . The vernacularization of English: Crossing global currents to re-dress west-based TESOL . Critical Inquiry in Language Studies: An International Journal , 3 ( 2–3 ) : 131 – 146 .
   Google Scholar
• Rassool , N. 2000 . “ Language maintenance as an arena of cultural and political struggles in a changing world ” . In Rights to language: Equity, power, and education , Edited by: Phillipson , R. Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Ricento , T. 2000a . Historical and theoretical perspectives in language policy and planning . Journal of Sociolinguistics , 4 ( 2 ) : 196 – 213 .
   Google Scholar
• Ricento , T. 2000b . “ Ideology, politics, and language policies: Introduction ” . In Ideology, politics and language policies: Focus on English , Edited by: Ricento , T. 1 – 8 . Amsterdam , the Netherlands : John Benjamins .
   Google Scholar
• Ricento , T. 2006 . “ Language policy: Theory and practice—An introduction ” . In An introduction to language policy: Theory and method , Edited by: Ricento , T. 10 – 23 . Malden , MA : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Ricento , T. K. and Hornberger , N. H. 1996 . Unpeeling the onion: Language planning and policy and the ELT professional . TESOL Quarterly , 30 ( 3 ) : 401 – 427 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubdy , R. 2008 . “ English in India: The privilege and privileging of social class ” . In Language as a commodity: Global structures, local marketplaces , Edited by: Tan , P. K. W. and Rubdy , R. 122 – 145 . New York , NY : Continuum International .
   Google Scholar
• Said , E. W. 1978/1994 . Orientalism , London , UK : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Sandhu , P. 2010 . Enactments of discursive empowerment in narratives of medium of education north Indian women (Unpublished doctoral dissertation) , Manoa , Hawai'i : University of Hawai'i at Manoa .
   Google Scholar
• Sandhu , P. 2013 . Constructing normative and resistant societal discourses about Hindi and English in an interactional narrative . Applied Linguistics , doi: 10.1093/applin/ams075
   Google Scholar
• Schiffman , H. 1996 . Linguistic culture and language policy , London , UK : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Seth , M. 2001 . Women and development: The Indian experience , New Delhi , India : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Shohamy , E. 2006 . Language policy: Hidden agendas and new approaches , London , UK : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Sonntag , S. K. 2002 . “ Minority language policies in North India ” . In Language policies in education: Critical issues , Edited by: Tollefson , J. F. 165 – 199 . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Sonntag , S. 2007 . “ Change and permanence in language politics in Nepal ” . In Language policy, culture, and identity in Asian contexts , Edited by: Tsui , A. B. and Tollefson , J. W. 205 – 217 . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Spolsky , B. 2004 . Language policy , Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sridhar , K. K. 1989 . English in Indian bilingualism , New Delhi , India : Manohar .
   Google Scholar
• Subramaniam , M. 2006 . The power of women's organizing: Gender, caste, and class in India , Lanham , , UK : Lexington Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tickoo , M. L. 2006 . Language in education . World Englishes , 25 ( 1 ) : 176 – 176 .
   Google Scholar
• Vaish , V. 2005 . A peripherist view of English as a language of decolonization in postcolonial India . Language Policy , 4 : 187 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Vaish , V. 2008 . Biliteracy and globalization: English language education in India , Clevedon , UK : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Wiley , T. G. 2000 . “ Continuity and change in the function of language ideologies in the United States ” . In Ideology, politics and language policies: Focus on English , Edited by: Ricento , T. 67 – 85 . Amsterdam : the Netherlands: John Benjamins .
   Google Scholar
• Wortham , S. 2000 . Interactional positioning and narrative self-construction . Narrative Inquiry , 10 ( 1 ) : 157 – 184 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar