Adaptations to Traditional Familial Roles: Examining the Challenges of Grandmothers’ Counterlife Transitions

References

• Alwin, D. F. (2012). Integrating varieties of life course concepts. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67, 206–220. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backhouse, J., & Graham, A. (2012). Grandparents raising grandchildren: Negotiating the complexities of role-identity conflict. Child and Family Social Work, 17, 306–315. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2206.2011.00781.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter, L. A., & Babbie, E. (2004). The basics of communication research. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar
• Baxter, L. A., Braithwaite, D. O., & Harper, A. M. (1998). The role of rituals in the management of dialectical tensions of “old” and “new” in blended families. Communication Studies, 49, 101–120. doi:10.1080/10510979809368523
   Google Scholar
• Block, C. E. (2000). Dyadic and gender differences in perceptions of the grandparent-grandchild relationship. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 51, 85–104. doi:10.2190/VKCU-GN6A-27MU-4867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridges, L. J., Roe, A. E. C., Dunn, J., & O’Connor, T. G. (2007). Children’s perspectives on their relationships with grandparents following parental separation: A longitudinal study. Social Development, 16, 539–554. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00395.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CNN TV. (Producer). (2008). Barack Obama biography [Television broadcast]. New York, NY: Cable News Network.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Crosnoe, R., & Elder, G. H., Jr. (2002). Life course transitions, the generational stake, and grandparent-grandchild relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 1089–1096. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.01089.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubas, J. S. (2001). How gender moderates the grandparent-grandchild relationship: A comparison of kin-keeper and kin-selector theories. Journal of Family Issues, 22, 478–492. doi:10.1177/019251301022004005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, O. W., & Benson, N. F. (2010). A four-factor social support model to mediate stressors experienced by children raised by grandparents. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 26, 54–69. doi:10.1080/15377900903368862
   Google Scholar
• Elder, G. H., Jr. (1985). Life course dynamics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Elder, G. H., Jr., Johnson, M. K., & Crosnoe, R. (2003). The emergence and development of life course theory. In J. T. Mortimer & M. J. Shanahan (Eds.), Handbook of the life course (pp. 1–15). New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Englander, M. (2012). The interview: Data collection in descriptive phenomenological human scientific research. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 43, 13–35. doi:10.1163/156916212X632943
   Google Scholar
• Fuller-Thomson, E., & Minkler, M. (2000). America’s grandparent caregivers: Who are they? In B. Hayslip Jr., & R. Goldberg-Glen (Eds.), Grandparents raising children (pp. 3–21). New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Hayslip, B., Jr., & Goodman, C. C. (2007). Grandparents raising grandchildren: Benefits and drawbacks? Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 5, 117–119. doi:10.1300/J194v05n04_12
   Google Scholar
• Hayslip, B., Jr., Henderson, C. E., & Shore, R. J. (2003). The structure of grandparental role meaning. Journal of Adult Development, 10, 1–11. doi:10.1023/A:1020708402212
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hein, S. F., & Austin, W. J. (2001). Empirical and hermeneutic approaches to phenomenological research in psychology: A comparison. Psychological Methods, 6, 3–17. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.6.1.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jendrek, M. P. (1993). Grandparents who parent their grandchildren: Effects on lifestyle. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 609–613. doi:10.2307/353342
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorgeson, J., & Bochner, A. P. (2004). Imagining families through stories and ritual. In A. L. Vangelisti (Ed.), Handbook of family communication (pp. 513–538). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Kelley, S. J., Whitley, D. M., & Campos, P. E. (2010). Grandmothers raising grandchildren: Results of an intervention to improve health outcomes. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 42, 379–386. doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2010.01371.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemp, C. L. (2007). Grandparent–grandchild ties: Reflections on continuity and change across three generations. Journal of Family Issues, 28, 855–881. doi:10.1177/0192513X07299599
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolomer, S. (2008). Grandparent caregivers. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 50, 321–344. doi:10.1080/01634370802137991
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krusiewicz, E. S., & Wood, J. T. (2001). “He was our child from the moment we walked in that room”: Entrance stories of adoptive parents. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18, 785–803. doi:10.1177/0265407501186003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langellier, K. M., & Peterson, E. E. (2006). Family storytelling as communication practices. In L. H. Turner & R. West (Eds.), The family communication sourcebook (pp. 109–128). Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Mansson, D. H. (2016). The joy of grandparenting: A qualitative analysis of grandparents. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 14, 135–145. doi:10.1080/15350770.2016.1160738
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, S. H. (2005). Crafting qualitative research articles on marriages and families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67, 799–808. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00176.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGowen, M. R., Ladd, L., & Strom, R. D. (2006). On-line assessment of grandmother experience in raising grandchildren. Educational Gerontology, 32, 669–684. doi:10.1080/03601270500494048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michalski, R. L., & Shackelford, T. K. (2005). Grandparental investment as a function of relational uncertainty and emotional closeness with parents. Human Nature, 16, 293–305. doi:10.1007/s12110-005-1012-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills, T. L. (1999). When grandchildren grow up: Role transition and family solidarity among baby boomer grandchildren and their grandparents. Journal of Aging Studies, 13, 219–239. doi:10.1016/S0890-4065(99)80052-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MSNBC. (2008, November 3). Barack Obama’s grandmother dies: Death of Madelyn Dunham, 86, announced day before election. Retrieved from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27522679/
   Google Scholar
• Mueller, M. M., & Elder, G. H., Jr. (2003). Family contingencies across the generations: Grandparent-grandchild relationships in holistic perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65, 404–417. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00404.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng, S. H., Liu, J. H., Weatherall, A., & Loon, C. F. (1997). Younger adults’ communication experiences and contact with elders and peers. Human Communication Research, 24, 82–108. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1997.tb00588.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, H. H. (2009). Factors associated with the psychological health of grandparents as primary caregivers: An analysis of gender differences. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 7, 191–208. doi:10.1080/15350770902852393
   Google Scholar
• Rindfuss, R. R., Swicegood, C. G., & Rosenfeld, R. A. (1987). Disorder in the life course: How common and does it matter? American Sociological Review, 52, 785–801. doi:10.2307/2095835
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seltzer, M. M. (1976). Suggestions for the examination of time-disordered relationships. In F. J. Gubruim (Ed.), Time, roles, and self in old age (pp. 111–125). New York, NY: Human Sciences Press.
   Google Scholar
• Silverstein, M., & Giarrusso, R. (2010). Aging and family life: A decade review. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 1039–1058. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00749.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soliz, J., & Harwood, J. (2006). Shared family identity, age salience, and intergroup contact: Investigation of the grandparent-grandchild relationship. Communication Monographs, 73, 87–107. doi:10.1080/03637750500534388
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon, D. H., Weber, K. M., & Steuber, K. R. (2010). Turbulence in relational transitions. In S. W. Smith & S. R. Wilson (Eds.), New directions in interpersonal communication research (pp. 115–134). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Spencer, R., Pryce, J. M., & Walsh, J. (2014). Philosophical approaches to qualitative research. In P. Leavy (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of qualitative research (pp. 81–98). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stark, H., & Trindad, S. B. (2007). Choose your method: A comparison of phenomenology, discourse analysis, and grounded theory. Qualitative Health Research, 17, 1372–1380. doi:10.1177/1049732307307031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szinovacz, M. E. (1998). Grandparent research: Past, present, and future. In M. E. Szinovacz (Ed.), Handbook of grandparenthood (pp. 1–20). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thornberry, T. P. (1997). Introduction: Some advantages of developmental and life-course perspectives for the study of crime and delinquency. In T. P. Thornberry (Ed.), Developmental theories of crime and delinquency (Vol. 7, pp. 1–10). New York, NY: Transaction.
   Google Scholar
• Triadó, C., Villar, F., Celdrán, M., & Solé, C. (2014). Grandparents who provide auxiliary care for their grandchildren: Satisfaction, difficulties, and impact on their health and well- being. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 12, 113–127. doi:10.1080/15350770.2014.901102
   Google Scholar
• United States Census Bureau. (1999). Census bureau report: Nearly 5.5 million children live with grandparents. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/1999/cb99-115.html
   Google Scholar
• United States Census Bureau. (2011). Living arrangements of children: 2009. U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/p70-126.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vangelisti, A. L., Crumley, L. P., & Baker, J. L. (1999). Family portraits: Stories as standards for family relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 16, 335–368. doi:10.1177/0265407599163004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, R. S. (1994). Learning from strangers: The art of method of qualitative interview studies. New York, NY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wojnar, D. M. (2005). Miscarriage experiences of lesbian birth and social mothers ( Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
   Google Scholar
• Wojnar, D. M., & Swanson, K. M. (2007). Phenomenology: An exploration. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 25, 172–180. doi:10.1177/0898010106295172
   PubMedGoogle Scholar