Practice that Transforms Intergenerational Programs: A Model of Theory- and Evidence Informed Principles

References

• Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Camp, C. J., Judge, K. S., Bye, C. A., Fox, K. M., Bowden, J., Bell, M., … Mattern, J. M. (1997). An intergenerational program for persons with dementia using Montessori methods. The Gerontologist, 37, 688–692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cartmel, J., Radford, K., Dawson, C., Fitzgerald, A., & Vecchio, N. (2017). Developing an evidenced based intergenerational pedagogy in Australia. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/15350770.2018.1404412
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caspi, A. (1984). Contact hypothesis and inter-age attitudes: A field study of cross-age contact. Social Psychology Quarterly, 47, 74–80. doi:10.2307/3033890
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christakis, E. (2016). The importance of being little: What young children really need from grownups. New York, NY: Penguin Books.
   Google Scholar
• Covey, H. C. (1993). A return to infancy: Old age and the second childhood in history. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 36, 81–90. doi:10.2190/3FNY-20-EM-7l4Y-5FGM
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deutchman, D. E., Bruno, K. A., & Jarrott, S. E. (2003). Young at heart: Intergenerational activities involving persons with dementia. Activity Directors’ Quarterly, 4(2), 27–35.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, C., Gandini, L., & Forman, G. (Eds.) (1993). The hundred languages of children: The reggio emilia approach to earlychildhood education. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Epstein, A. S., & Boisvert, C. (2006). Let’s do something together: Identifying effective components of intergenerational programs. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 4(3), 87–109. doi:10.1300/J94v04n03_07
   Google Scholar
• Erikson, E. H. (1982). The life cycle completed. New York, NY: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Erikson, J. M. (1998). The life cycle completed: Erik Erikson. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Erwin, E. J., Brotherson, M. J., Palmer, S. B., Cook, C. C., & Summers, J. A. (2009). How to promote self-determination for young children with disabilities: Evidence-based strategies for early childhood practitioners and families. Young Exceptional Children, 12, 27–37. doi:10.1177/1096250608329611
   Google Scholar
• Fujiwara, Y., Sakuma, N., Ohba, H., Nishi, M., Lee, S., Watanabe, N., … Shinkai, S. (2009). REPRINTS: Effects of an intergenerational health promotion program for older adults in Japan. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 7(1), 17–39. doi:10.1080/15350770802628901
   Google Scholar
• Gandini, L. (1993). Educational and caring spaces. In C. Edwards, L. Gandini, & G. Forman (Eds.), The hundred languages of children: The reggio emilia approach to early childhood education (pp. 135–150). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Gandini, L. (1997). Foundations of the Reggio emilia approach. In J. Hendrick (Ed.), First steps toward teaching the Reggio way (pp. 14–25). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Generations United. (2018). All in together: Creating places where young and old thrive. Retrieved from https://www.gu.org/app/uploads/2018/06/SignatureReport-Eisner-All-In-Together.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gigliotti, C. M., Morris, M., Smock, S., Jarrott, S. E., & Graham, B. (2005). An intergenerational summer program involving persons with dementia and pre-school children. Educational Gerontology, 31, 425–441. doi:10.1080/03601270590928161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, G., Brown, S., Alonzo, T., Glover, M., Mersereau, Y., & Willson, P. (1999). Building community for the long term: An intergenerational commitment. The Gerontologist., 39, 235–238. doi:10.1093/geront/39.2.235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, C. (2003). An observational study in developing an intergenerational shared site program: Challenges and insights. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 1(1), 113–132. doi:10.1300/J194v01n01_10
   Google Scholar
• Heydon, R. (2013). Learning at the ends of life: Children, elders, and literacies in intergenerational curricula. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hsu, C., & Sandford, B. A. (2007). The delphi technique: Making sense of consensus. practical assessment. Research & Evaluation, 12(10), 1-8.
   Google Scholar
• Israel, B. A., Eng, E., Schulz, A. J., & Parker, E. A. (2013). Critical issues in developing and following community-based participatory research principles. In M. Minkler & N. Wallerstein (Eds.), Community-based participatory research for health (pp. 56–73). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs-Lawson, J. M., Schumacher, M. M., & Wackerbarth, S. B. (2016). Age differences in information use while making decisions. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 84, 24–43. doi:10.1177/0091415016668355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarrott, S. E. (2011). Where have we been and where are we going? Content analysis of evaluation research of intergenerational programs. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 9, 37–52. doi:10.1080/15350770.2011.544594
   Google Scholar
• Jarrott, S. E., & DeBord, K. B. (2013). Best Practices 1-11 (FCS34-P to FCS44-P). Retrieved from http://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/Best Practices is a series of 11 Cooperative Extension fact sheets about intergenerational programs.
   Google Scholar
• Jarrott, S. E., Gladwell, M. S., Gigliotti, C. M., & Papero, A. L. (2004). Fostering intergenerational community between child & adult care programs: A results management approach. Canadian Children, 29(2), 4–13.
   Google Scholar
• Jarrott, S. E., Morris, M. M., Burnett, A. J., Stauffer, D., Stremmel, A. S., & Gigliotti, C. M. (2011). Creating community capacity at a shared site intergenerational program: “Like a barefoot climb up a mountain.”. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 9, 418–434. doi:10.1080/15350770.2011.619925
   Google Scholar
• Jarrott, S. E., & Naar, J. J. (2017, June). Quantity and quality of intergenerational contact: Which matters most? Poster presented at the biennial meetings of Generations United, Milwaukee, WI.
   Google Scholar
• Jarrott, S. E., Naar, J. J., Choi, M., & Kale-Cheever, M. (2016, November). Behavioral responses to intergenerational programming with impaired and non-impaired elders. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, New Orleans, LA.
   Google Scholar
• Jarrott, S. E., Naar, J. J., Weaver, R. H., & Kale-Cheever, M. (2016a, April). Intergenerational practices foster pro-social behavior among children and elders. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Gerontological Society, Charlottesville, VA.
   Google Scholar
• Jarrott, S. E., & Ogletree, A. (2016). Adult day services outcomes: Delphi review of an integrated assessment system. Journal of Applied Gerontology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/0733464816675423
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jarrott, S. E., & Smith, C. L. (2011). The complement of research and theory in practice: Contact theory at work in non-familial intergenerational programs. The Gerontologist, 51(1), 112–121. doi:10.1093/geront/gnq058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juckett, L., Jarrott, S. E., & Naar, J. J. (2019). A multifaceted training approach to implementing intergenerational best practices in community-based settings. Manuscript under revision.
   Google Scholar
• Kelley, L. (2018). Solution stories: A narrative study of how teachers support children’s problem solving. Early Childhood Education Journal, 46, 313–322. doi:10.1007/s10643-017-0866-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitwood, T. (1997). Dementia reconsidered: The person comes first. Philadelphia, USA: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kuehne, V. S., & Melville, J. (2014). The state of our art: A review of theories used in intergenerational program research (2003–2014) and ways forward. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 12, 317–346. doi:10.1080/15350770.2014.958969
   Google Scholar
• Larkin, E., Kaplan, M., & Rushton, S. (2010). Designing brain healthy environments for intergenerational programs. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 8, 161–176. doi:10.1080/15350771003741956
   Google Scholar
• Lavee, Y., & Dollahite, D. C. (1991). The linkage between theory and research in family science. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 361–373. doi:10.2307/352905
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawton, M. P. (1982). Competence, environmental press, and the adaptation of older people. In M. P. Lawton, P. G. Windley, & T. O. Byerts (Eds.), Aging and the environment: Theoretical approaches (pp. 33–59). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, Y., Morrow-Howell, N., Jonson-Reid, M., McCrary, S., & Spitznagel, E. (2010). The effect of the Experience Corps® program on student reading outcomes. Education and Urban Society, 44, 97–118. doi:10.1177/0013124510381262
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liou, C., & Jarrott, S. E. (2013). Dementia and dementia care in Asia - Taiwanese experiences: Elders with dementia in two different adult day services (ADS) environments [Special issue]. Aging and Mental Health, 17, 942–951. doi:10.1080/13607863.2013.788998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maleguzzi, L. (1988, December). Se l’atelier è dentro una storia lunga e ad un progetto Educativo (If the atelier is part of a long history and an educational program). Bambini, pp. 26–31.
   Google Scholar
• Murayama, Y., Ohba, H., Yasunaga, M., Nonaka, K., Takeuchi, R., Nishi, M., … Fujiwara, Y. (2015). The effect of intergenerational programs on the mental health of elderly adults. Aging & mental health, 19, 306–314. doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.933309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naar, J. J., & Jarrott, S. E. (2018, November). Group size and activity setting of intergenerational programs: What can facilitators do to promote interaction. Poster presented at the annual meetings of the Gerontological Society of America, Boston, MA.
   Google Scholar
• Newman, S., & Smith, T. B. (1997). Developmental theories as the basis for intergenerational programs. In S. Newman, C. R. Ward, T. B. Smith, J. O. Wilson, & J. M. McCrea (Eds.), Intergenerational programs: Past, present, and future (pp. 3–19). Washington, D.C.: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Norouzi, N., Chen, J., & Jarrott, S. E. (2015). Intergenerational explorations: Where everyone has a purpose. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 13, 260–265. doi:10.1080/15350770.2015.1058282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65–85. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2008). How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 922–934. doi:10.1002/ejsp.504
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salari, S. (2002). Intergenerational partnerships in adult day centers: Importance of age-appropriate environments and behaviors. The Gerontologist, 42, 321–333. doi:10.1093/geront.42.3.321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez, M., Díaz, P., Sáez, J., & Pinazo, S. (2014). The professional profile of intergenerational program managers: General and specific characteristics. Educational Gerontology, 40, 427–441. doi:10.1080/03601277.2013.844037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seefeldt, C. (1987). The effects of preschoolers’ visits to a nursing home. The Gerontologist, 27, 228–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stremmel, A. J., Travis, S. S., & Kelly-Harrison, P. (1997). Mutually beneficial activities for young children and older adults independent care. Young Children, 52(7), 29–31.
   Google Scholar
• Stremmel, A. J., Travis, S. S., Kelly-Harrison, P., & Hensley, A. D. (1994). The perceived benefits and problems associated with intergenerational exchanges in day care settings. The Gerontologist, 34(4), 513–519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, A. S., LoSciuto, L., Fox, M., Hilbert, S. M., & Sonkowsky, M. (1999). The mentoring factor: Evaluation of the Across Ages’ intergenerational approach to drug abuse prevention. Child & Youth Services, 20, 77–99. doi:10.1300/J024v20n01_07
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, E. H., & Weaver, A. J. (2016). Making connections: The legacy of an intergenerational program. The Gerontologist, 56, 909–918. doi:10.1093/geront/gnv064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Manen, M. (1991). The tact of teaching: The meaning of pedagogical thoughtfulness. New York: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• VanderVen, K. (2004). Intergenerational theory in society. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 2, 3–4. doi:10.1300/J194v02n03_07
   Google Scholar
• Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weaver, R., Jarrott, S. E., O’Hora, K. A., & Mendes, A. B. (2014, November). Process evaluation of training to enhance evidence-based practice use in elder and child programs. Poster presented at the annual meetings of the Gerontological Society of America, Washington, D.C.
   Google Scholar
• Weaver, R., Naar, J. J., & Jarrott, S. E. (2017). Using contact theory to assess staff perspectives on training initiatives of an intergenerational programming intervention. The Gerontologist. Advance online publication. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar