References
- Anderson, L. B., & Gettings, P. E. (2019). Examining young adults’ expectations for retirement: An emerging tension. Communication Studies, 70(3), 352–376. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2019.1691619
- Anderson, L. B., & Morgan, M. (2017). An examination of nurses’ intergenerational communicative experiences in the workplace: Do nurses eat their young? Communication Quarterly, 65(4), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2016.1259175
- Ashcraft, K. L., Kuhn, T., & Cooren, F. (2009). Constitutional amendments: Materializing organizational communication. In A. Brief & J. Walsh (Eds.), The academy of management annals (pp. 1–64). Routledge.
- Bonneson, J. L., & Burgess, E. O. (2004). Senior moments: The acceptability of an ageist phrase. Journal of Aging Studies, 18(2), 123–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2004.01.008
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
- Burke, K. (1969). A rhetoric of motives. CA. University of California Press.
- Business Today. (2021). Top 10 newspapers in US by circulation. https://www.businesstoday.in/in-the-news/photo/top-10-largest-newspapers-in-us-by-circulation-4633-2013-05-02-1
- Cai, D., Giles, H., & Noels, K. A. (1998). Elderly perceptions of communication with older and younger adults in China: Implications for mental health. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 26(1), 32–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909889809365490
- Coupland, N., Coupland, J., & Giles, H. (1991). Language, society, and the elderly: Discourse, identity and aging. Blackwell.
- Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., Kwan, V. S. Y., Glick, P., Demoulin, S., Leyens, J. P., Bond, M. H., Croizet, J. C., Ellemers, N., Sleebos, E., Htun, T. T., Kim, H. J., Maio, G., Perry, J., Petkova, K., Todorov, V., Rodríguez‐Bailón, R., Morales, E., Moya, M., … Ziegler, R. (2009). Stereotype content model across cultures: Towards universal similarities and some differences. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466608X314935
- Cuddy, A. J. C., Norton, M. I., & Fiske, S. T. (2005). This old stereotype: The pervasiveness and persistence of the elderly stereotype. Journal of Social Issues, 61(2), 265–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270903212393
- Dowd, M. (2019). Now comes the naked truth. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/opinion/sunday/katie-hill-resigns-millennials-boomers.html
- Elo, S., Kääriäinen, M., Kanste, O., Pölkkim Utriainen, K., & Kyngäs, H. (2014). Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness. Sage Open, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014522633
- Fowler, C., Gasiorek, J., & Giles, H. (2015). The role of communication in aging well: Introducing the communicative ecology model of successful aging. Communication Monographs, 82(4), 431–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2015
- Giles, H., Coupland, N., & Coupland, J. (1991). Accommodation theory: Communication, contexts and consequence. In H. Giles, N. Coupland, & J. Coupland (Eds.), Context of accommodation: Developments in applied sociolinguistics (pp. 1–68). Cambridge University Press.
- Giles, H., McCann, R. M., Ota, H., & Noels, K. A. (2002). Challenging intergenerational stereotypes: Across eastern and western cultures. In M. S. Kaplan, N. Z. Henkin, & A. T. Kusano (Eds.), Linking lifetimes: A global view of intergenerational exchange (pp. 13–28). University Press of America, Inc.
- Goldzwig, S. R. (1989). A social movement perspective on demagoguery: Achieving symbolic realignment. Communication Studies, 40(3), 202–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510978909368272
- Gustainis, J. (1990). Demagoguery and political rhetoric: A review of the literature 1. Rhetoric Society Quarterly, 20(2), 155–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/02773949009390878
- Harwood, J., McKee, J., & Lin, M.-C. (2000). Younger and older adults’ schematic representations of intergenerational communication. Communications Monographs, 67(1), 20–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750009376493
- Heller, K. (2019). It was the year of ‘OK boomer,” and the generations were at each other’s throats. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/it-was-the-year-of-ok-boomer-and-the-generations-were-at-each-others-throats/2019/12/24/a2c2b586-1792-11ea-8406-df3c54b3253e_story.html
- Hummert, M. L. (2013). Intergenerational communication. Wiley Online Library, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781405186407.wbieci054
- Hummert, M. L., Garstka, T. A., Ryan, E. B., & Bonnesen, J. L. (2004). The role of age stereotypes in interpersonal communication. In J. F. Nussbaum & J. Coupland (Eds.), Handbook of communication and aging research (2nd ed., pp. 91–114). Erlbaum.
- Hummert, M. L., Garstka, T., Shaner, J. L., & Strahm, S. (1994). Stereotypes of the elderly held by young, middle-aged, and elderly adults. Journal of Gerontology, 49(5), 240–249. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/49.5.P240
- Joshi, A., Dencker, J. C., Franz, G., & Mortocchio, J. J. (2010). Unpacking generational identities in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 35(3), 392–414. https://www.jstor.org/stable/256824
- Leeds, L., & Giles, H. (1999). Harmful speech in intergroup encounters: An organizational framework for communication research. Annals of the International Communication Association, 22(1), 91–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.1999.11678960
- Lorenz, T. (2019). “OK Boomer” marks the end of friendly generational relations. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/29/style/ok-boomer.html
- Lyons, S., & Kuron, L. (2014). Generational differences in the workplace: A review of the evidence and directions for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(S1), S139–S157. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1913
- Madrigal, C., Fick, D., Mogle, J., Hill, N. L., Bratlee-Whitaker, E., & Belser, A. (2020). Disrupting younger adults’ age-based stereotypes: The impact of an intergenerational artistic installation. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 18(4), 399–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2020.1713960
- Manjoo, F. (2019). Instead of a generational culture war, let’s fight the rich. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/06/opinion/ok-boomer-billionaire.html
- McCann, R. M., Dailey, R. M., Giles, H., & Ota, H. (2005). Beliefs about intergenerational communication across the lifespan: Middle age and the roles of age stereotyping and respect norms. Communication Studies, 56(4), 293–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970500319286
- McDonough, M. L. (2018). The evolution of demagoguery: An updated understanding of demagogic rhetoric as interactive and ongoing. Communication Quarterly, 66(2), 138–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2018.1438486
- Myers, K. K., & Sadaghiani, K. (2010). Millennials in the workplace: A communication perspective on millennials’ organizational relationship and performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(2), 225–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9172-7
- Noels, K. A., Giles, H., Cai, D., & Turay, L. (1999). Intergenerational communication and health in the United States and the People’s Republic of China. South Pacific Journal of Psychology, 10(1), 120–135. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0257543400001085
- Noels, K., Giles, H., Gallois, C., & Ng, S. H. (2001). Intergenerational communication and psychological adjustment: A cross‐cultural examination of Hong Kong and Australian Adults. In M. L. Hummert & J. F. Nussbaum (Eds.), Aging, communication, and health: Linking research and practice for successful aging (pp. 249–278). Erlbaum.
- Nussbaum, J. F., Pitts, M. J., Huber, F. N., Kriger, J. L. R., & Ohs, J. E. (2005). Ageism and ageist language across the life span: Intimate relationships and non-intimate interactions. Journal of Social Issues, 612(2), 287–305. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00406.x
- Pew Research (2019). 5 key takeaways about the state of the news media in 2018. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/07/23/key-takeaways-state-of-the-news-media-2018/
- Prose, F. (2019). Cruel jokes about the old are everywhere. When will we face our ageism epidemic? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/nov/10/ok-boomer-jokes-ageism-francine-prose
- Purdy, M. (2003). Listening and community. Paper presented at Eastern Communication Association Conference, Washington, DC.
- Reinemer, M. (2019). The bonds between generations. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-bonds-between-generations/2019/12/31/bfdf3ec4-28df-11ea-9cc9-e19cfbc87e51_story.html
- Robert-Miller, P. (2017). Demagoguery and democracy. NY. Experiment Books.
- Roberts-Miller, P. (2005). Democracy, demagoguery, and critical rhetoric. Rhetoric & Public Affairs, 8(3), 459–476. https://doi.org/10.1353/rap.2005.0069
- Roller, M. R., & Lavrakas, P. J. (2015). Applied qualitative research design: A total quality framework approach. Guilford Press.
- Romano, A. (2019). “OK boomer” isn’t just about the past. It’s about our apocalyptic future. Vox. https://www.vox.com/2019/11/19/20963757/what-is-ok-boomer-meme-about-meaning-gen-z-millennials
- Saldaña, J. (2015). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (3rd ed.). Sage.
- Smialek, J. (2019). What Baby Yoda, O.K. boomer and help farming told us about the 2019 economy. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/23/business/economy/2019-economy.html
- Thebault, R. (2019). “OK, boomer: A 25-year-old lawmaker shuts down heckler during climate change speech. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2019/11/05/ok-boomer-year-old-lawmaker-shuts-down-heckler-during-climate-change-speech/
- Tracy, S. J. (2019). Qualitative research methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analysis, communicating impact (2nd ed.). Wiley Blackwell.
- U.S. Census Bureau (2019). The graying of America: More older adults than kids by 2035. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2018/03/graying-america.html
- Urick, M. J., Hollensbe, E. C., & Fairhurst, G. T. (2017). “Differences in understanding generation in the workforce. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 15(3), 221–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2017.1329583
- Urick, M. J. (2014). The presentation of self: Dramaturgical theory and generations in organizations. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 12(4), 398–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2014.961829
- Vyse, G. (2020). He wrote the book on boomers, and he thing the Gen Z rap against them isn’t quite OK. The Washington Post. https://www.google.com/search?q=vyse+ok+boomer&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS859US859&oq=vyse&aqs=chrome.0.69i59j69i57j46i175i199i512j0i10i433j0i512j0i10i512j0i512l2j0i10i512j46i175i199i512.3579j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
- Williams, A., Ota, H., Giles, H., Pierson, H. D., Gallois, C., & Ng, S. H. (1997). Young people’s beliefs about intergenerational communication: An initial cross‐cultural analysis. Communication Research, 24(4), 370–393. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365097024004003
- Wolvin, A. (2010). Listening and human communication in the 21st. Blackwell Publishing. Century.
- Zimmer, K. (2019). The problem with O.K. boomer. https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/11/13/problem-with-ok-boomer/