Empowerment Training for Grandparent Caregivers: A Pilot Study

References

• Administration for Community Living. (2021). Supporting grandparents raising grandchildren act, initial report to congress. https://acl.gov/programs/support-caregivers/supporting-grandparents-raising-grandchildren-0
   Google Scholar
• AlMaseb, H., & Julia, M. (2007). Muslim women achieving control over their lives: Factors supporting empowerment. Social Development Issues, International Consortium for Social Development, 29(3), 81–99.
   Google Scholar
• Bachicha, D. (1985). The parental self-efficacy scale and its relationship tp maternal variables in a triadic model for parent training. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Mexico Highland University, New Mexico.
   Google Scholar
• Bachicha, D. (1997). A validation study of parental self-efficacy. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, L. A., & Mutchler, J. E. (2010). Poverty and material hardship in grandparent-headed households. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 72(4), 947–962. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00741x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44(9), 1175–1184. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.44.9.1175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beach, S. R., Schulz, R., Donovan, H., & Rosland, A. (2021). Family caregiving during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Gerontologist, 61(5), 650–660. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnab049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bence, S. L., & Thomas, J. (1988, November). Grandparent-parent relationships as predictors of grandparent-grandchild relationships. Paper presented at the annual scientific meeting of the gerontological society of America. San Francisco, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, L., & Miles, M. (2008). Implementing parenting programs for custodial grandparents. In B. Hayslip & P. Kaminski (Eds.), Parenting the custodial grandchild: Implications for clinical practice (pp. 115–130). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Cox, C. B. (2002). Empowering African American custodial grandparents. Social Work, 47(1), 45–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, C. B. (2007). Grandparent-headed families: Needs and implications for social work interventions and advocacy. Families in Society, 88(4), 561–566.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, C. (2008). Empowerment as an intervention with grandparent caregivers. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 6(4), 465–477.
   Google Scholar
• Cox, C. (2014). Personal and community empowerment for grandparent caregivers. Journal of Family Social Work, 17 (2), 162–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2014.880824
   Google Scholar
• Cox, C . (2020). Older adults and Covid 19: Social justice, disparities, and social work practice. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 63(6–7), 611–624. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2020.1808141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, E., & Parsons, R. (1994). Empowerment oriented practice with the elderly. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
   Google Scholar
• Friere, P. (1973). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. The Continuum International Publishing Co.
   Google Scholar
• Generations United. (2021). Staying CONNECTED WHILE STAYING APART, INTERGENERATIONAL PROGRAMS and the Covid-19 pandemic, https://www.gu.org/app/uploads/2021/03/2021-Intergenerational-Programs-COVID- FINAL FINALWEB.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gutiérrez, L. (1990). Working with women of color: An empowerment perspective. social work, 35, 149–153. Retrieved September 3, 2021,from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23715256
   Google Scholar
• Harris, K., Ashirifi, G., Harris, C., & Tarauth, J. (2021). Are grandparents raising grandchildren receiving the services they need? Journal of Childhoood, Educaton, and Society, 2(2), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.37291/2717638X.202122
   Google Scholar
• Hayslip, B., & Frudhauf, C. (2019). Grandparents raising their grandchildren. In B. Hayslip & C. Fruhauf (Eds.), Grandparenting: Influences on the dynamics of family relationships (pp. 159–180). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Hayslip, B., & Glover, R. . (2008). Traditional grandparents’ views of their caregiving peers’ parenting skills: Complimentary or critical? In B. Hayslip Jr. & P. Kaminiski (Eds.), Parenting the custodial grandchild: Implications for clinical practice (pp. 149–164). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Hayslip, B. (2003). The impact of a psychosocial intervention on the parental efficacy of grandparents raising grandchildren. In B. Hayslip & J. Hicks-Patrick (Eds.), Working with custodial grandparents (pp. 163–178). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Hayslip, B., Glover, R., & Pollard, S. (2016). Noncaregiving grandparent peers’ perceptions of custodial grandparents: Extent of life disruption, needs for social support, and social and mental health services. In M. H. Meyer & Y. Abdul-Malak (Eds.), Grandparenting in the United States (pp. 207–225). Baywood.
   Google Scholar
• Hayslip, B., Shore, R. J., Henderson, C. E., & Lambert, P. L. (1998). Custodial grandparenting and the impact of grandchildren with problems on role satisfaction and role meaning. Journal of Gerontology, 53B(3), S164–S173. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/53B.3.S164
   Google Scholar
• Hayslip, B., Smith, G. C., Montoro-Rodriguez, J., Streider, F. H., & Merchant, W. (2017). The utility of the family empowerment scale with custodial grandmothers. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 36(3), 320–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, M., Waite, L., LaPierre, T., & Luo, Y. (2007). All in the family: Impact of caring for grandchildren on grandparents’ health. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 62(2), S108–S119. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/62.2.S108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, Y., Cosme, D., Pei, R., Pandey, P., Carreras-Tartak, J., & Falk, E. (2021). Purpose in life, loneliness, and protective health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Gerontologist, 61(6), 878–887. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnab081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirby, J. N. (2015). The potential benefits of parenting programs for grandparents: Recommendations and clinical implications. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(11), 3200–3212. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10226-015-0123-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koren, P. E., DeChillo, N., & Freisen, B. J. (1992). Measuring empowerment in families whose children have emotional disabilities: A brief questionnaire. Rehabilitation Psychology, 37(4), 307–321. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0079106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miltenberger, P., Hayslip, B., Harris, B., & Kaminski, P. (2003–2004). Perceptions of the losses experienced by custodial grandmothers. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 48(3), 245–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770902851163
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montoro-Rodriguez, J., & Hayslip, B. (2019). The impact of a goal-setting intervention with custodial grandmothers: A demonstration project. Grandfamilies, 5(2), 25–42.
   Google Scholar
• Montoro-Rodriguez, J., Hayslip, B., Ramsey, J., & Jooste, J. L. (2021). The use of solution-oriented strategies to support grandparents raising grandchildren. Journal of Aging and Health, 33(9), 647–660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montoro-Rodriguez, J., & Ramsey, J. (2019). Grandparents and race/ethnicity. In B. Hayslip & C. Fruhauf (Eds.), Grandparenting: Influences on the dynamics of family relationships (pp. 313–330). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Musil, C., Gordon, N., Warner, C., Zausziewski, J., Standing, T., & Wykle, M. (2011). Grandmothers and caregiving: Continuity, changes, and outcomes over 24 months. The Gerontologist, 51(1), 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnq061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, E. A., & Dannefer, D. (1992). Aged heterogeneity: Fact or fiction? The fate of diversity in gerontological research. The Gerontologist, (32), 217–23l. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/32.1.17
   Google Scholar
• Rapaport, E., Muthiah, N., Keim, S., & Adesman, A. (2020). Family well-being in grandparent versus parent-headed households. Pediatrics, 146. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, N., Ellis, C., Nicholson, M., & Curtis, W. (1995). Psychometric analysis of the family empowerment scale. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 3(2), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/106342669500300203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, G., Hayslip, B., & Streider, F. (2018). Comparing interventions to improve the well-being of custodial grandfamilies. Journal of Family Psychology, 32(816–827), 816–827. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000457
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith, G. C., & Palmieri, P. A. (2007). Risk of psychological difficulties among children raised by custodial grandparents. Psychiatric Services, 58(10), 1303–1310. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.58.10.1303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, G., Palmieri, P., Hancock, G., & Richardson, R. (2008). Custodial grandmothers’ psychological distress, dysfunctional parenting, and grandchildren’s adjustment. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 67(4), 327–357. https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.67.4.c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, G. C., & Richardson, R. A. (2008). Understanding the parenting practices of custodial grandmothers: Overcompensating, underserving, or overwhelmed? In B. Hayslip Jr. & P. Kaminski (Eds.), Parenting the custodial grandchild: Implications for clinical practice (pp. 131–147). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Solomon, B. (1976). Black empowerment: Social work in oppressed communities. Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, J. (1986). Gender differences in satisfaction with grandparenting. Psychology and Aging, 1(3), 215–219. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.1.3.215
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas, J. (1989). Gender and perceptions of grandparenthood. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 29(4), 269–292. https://doi.org/10.2190/H9XB-9VL6-KFCQ-L60E
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, J. (1990). The grandparent role: A double bind. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 29(4), 269–282.
   Google Scholar