61
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Resilience and Social Support as Resources for Kinship Caregivers Who are Coping with COVID-19

, Ph.D., , Ph.D., , M.S.W., , B.S. & , J.D.

References

  • AlMaseb, H., & Julia, M. (2007). Muslim women achieving control over their lives: Factors supporting empowerment. Social Development Issues, International Consortium for Social Development, 29(1), 81–99.
  • Ann E. Casey Foundation. (2023). Children in kinship care. Urban Institute, Retrieved July 2, 2023 from www.urban.orgpublication59751/900661
  • Aschwanden, D., Strickhouser, J., Sesker, A., Lee, J., Luchetti, M., Stephen, Y., Sutin, A., & Terracciano, A. (2020). Psychological and behavioral responses to coronavirus disease 2019: The role of personality. European Journal of Personality, 35(1), 51–66. July 8, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2281
  • Baker, L. A., & Silverstein, M. (2008). Preventative health behaviors among grandmothers raising grandchildren. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences, 63(5), S304–S311. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/63.5.S304
  • Bates, C., Nicholson, L., Rea, E., Hagy, H., & Bohnert, A. (2021). Life interrupted: Family routines buffer stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30(11), 2641–2651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02063-6
  • Carr, G., Gray, J., & Hayslip, B., Jr. (2012). Needs for information about supportive resources: A predictor of needs for service and service use in African American grandmother caregivers. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 10(1), 48–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2012.647566
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). COVID data tracker weekly. https://www.cdc.gov/coronvirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covidview
  • Chafouleas, S., & Lovino, E. (2021). Comparing the initial impact of COVID-19 on burden and psychological distress among family caregivers of children with and without developmental disabilities. School Psychology, 36(5), 358–366. https://doi.org/10.1037/t22815-000
  • Child Welfare League of America. (2013). Kinship care: Traditions of caring and collaborating model of practice. Retrieved from: www/cwla.org/kinship-care/
  • Cox, C. (1994). Empowerment oriented practice with the Elderly. Brooks/Cole.
  • Cox, C. (2000). Empowering grandparents raising grandchildren. In C. Cox (Ed.), To grandmother’s house we go and stay: Perspectives on custodial grandparents (pp. 253–268). Springer.
  • Cox, C. (2008). Empowerment as an intervention with grandparent caregivers. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 6(4), 465–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770802466161
  • Cox, C. (2014). Personal and community empowerment for grandparent caregivers. Journal of Family Social Work, 17(2), 162–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2014.880824
  • Cox, C., & Hayslip, B. (In Press). Empowerment training for grandparent caregivers. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2022.2130492
  • Dolbin MacNab, M., Roberto, K., & Finney, J. (2013). Formal social support: Promoting resilience in grandparents parenting grandchildren. In B. Hayslip Jr. & G. C. Smith (Eds.), Resilient grandparent caregivers: A strengths-based perspective (pp. 134–151). Routledge.
  • Doley, R., Bell, R., Watt, B., & Simpson, H. (2015). Grandparents raising grandchildren: Investigating factors associated with distress among custodial grandparents. Journal of Family Studies, 21(2), 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2015.1015215
  • Frazier, P., Tix, A., & Barron, K. (2004). Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(1), 115–134. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.115
  • Fruhauf, C., & Bundy-Fazioli, K. (2013). Grandparent caregivers’ self-care practices: Moving toward a strengths-based approach. In B. Hayslip & G. Smith (Eds.), Resilience grandparent caregivers: A strengths-based perspective (pp. 88–102). Routledge.
  • Fuentes-Pelaez, N., Balsells, M., Fernandez, J., Vaqueros, E., & Amoros, P. (2016). The social support in kinship foster care: A way to enhance resilience. Child and Family Social Work, 21(4), 581–590. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12182
  • Galea, S., Merchant, R., & Lurie, N. (2020). The mental health consequences of COVID-19 and physical distancing: The need for prevention and early intervention. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180(6), 817–818. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1562
  • Garcia, A., O’Reilly, A., Malone, M., Kim, M., Long, J., & Rubin, D. (2015). The influence of caregiver depression on children in non-relative foster care versus kinship care placements. Maternal Child Health Journal, 19(3), 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1037/t07021-000
  • Generations United. (2020). The state of grandfamilies in America: Facing a pandemic: Grandfamilies living together during COVID-19 and thriving beyond. Generations United.
  • Generations United. (2022). The state of grandfamilies in America: Together at the table: Supporting the nutrition, health, and well-being of grandfamilies. Generations United.
  • Gleeson, J., Hsieh, C., & Cryer-Coupet, Q. (2016). Social support, family competence, and informal kinship caregiver parenting stress: The mediating and moderating effects of family resources. Children and Youth Services Review, 67, 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.05.012
  • Harris, K., Ashirifi, G., Harris, C., & Trauth, J. (2021). Are grandparents raising grandchildren receiving the services they need? Journal of Childhood, Education, & Scoiety, 2(2), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.37291/2717638X.20212288
  • Hayslip, B., Jr., Davis, S., Goodman, C., Smith, G. C., Neumann, C., Maiden, R., & Carr, G. (2013). The role of resilience in understanding grandparents raising their grandchildren. In B. Hayslip Jr. & G. Smith (Eds.), Resilient grandparent caregivers: A strengths-based perspective (pp. 48–67). Routledge.
  • Hayslip, B., & Fruhauf, C. (2019). Grandparents raising their grandchildren. In B. Hayslip & C. Fruhauf (Eds.), Grandparenting: Influences on the dynamics of family relationships (pp. 159–180). Springer Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1891/9780826149855.0010
  • Hayslip, B., Montoro-Rodriguez, J., & Ramsey, J. (2022). Correlates of custodial grandparents’ perceived barriers to the use of services. Grandfamilies, 7(1), 1–13.
  • Hayslip, B., Montoro-Rodriguez, J., Ramsey, J., & Jooste, J. (2022). Process-outcome relationships and solution-based goal-setting interventions with grandparent caregivers. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 95(2), 135–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/00914150211051878
  • Hayslip, B., Jr., & Smith, G. (2013). Resilient grandparent caregivers: A strengths-based perspective. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203803905
  • Hooyman, N. R., Maloney, R. J., & Sciegaj, M. (2016). Theories that guide consumer-directed/person-centered initiatives in policy and practice. In V. L. Bengtson & R. Settersten (Eds.), Handbook of theories of aging (pp. 427–442). Springer.
  • Hu, Q., Khou, Y., Dong, P., Xu, C., & Zhang, Q. (2022). Contributors to well-being of Chinese left-behind families: A dyadic perspective from family resilience and grandparent–grandchild relationship. Child and Family Social Work, 28(3), 646–658. December 16, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12991
  • Irani, E., Niyomyart, A., & Zauszniewski, J. (2021, May). Caregiving stress and self-rated health during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of resourcefulness. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 42(11), 982–988. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2021.1924324
  • Kelley, S., Whitley, D., Escarra, S., Zheng, R., Horne, E., & Warren, G. (2020). The mental health and well-being of grandparents raising grandchildren: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Marriage and Family Review, 57(4), 329–345. December 9, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2020.1861163
  • Kelley, S., Whitley, D., Sipe, T., & Yorker, B. (2000). Psychological distress in grandmother kinship care providers: The role of resources, social support, and physical health. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(3), 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00146-5
  • Koh, E., Daughtery, L., & Ware, A. (2022, February). Informal kinship caregivers’ parenting experience. Children & Youth Services Review, 133, 106360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106360
  • Kosciulek, J. F. (2005). Structural equation model of the consumer-directed theory of the consumer-directed theory of empowerment. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 44, 2009–2016. https://doi.org/10.1177/00343552050490010501
  • Lee, E., Clarkson-Hendrix, M., & Lee, Y. (2016). Parenting stress of grandparents and other kin as informal kinship caregivers: A mixed methods study. Children and Youth Services Review, 69, 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.07.013
  • Lim, T., Tan, M., Aishworiya, R., Kang, Y., Kph, M., Shen, L., & Chong, S. (2022). Factors contributing to psychological ill-effects and resilience of caregivers of children with developmental disabilities during a nation-wide lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(7), 3015–3025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05180-9
  • Miller, J., & Donohue-Smith, J. (2017). Mapping the needs of kinship providers: A mixed method examination. Grandfamilies, 4(2), 1–23.
  • Montgomery, R. J., Kwak, J., & Kosloski, K. D. (2016). Theories guiding support services for family caregivers. In V. L. Bengtson & R. Setterson Jr. (Eds.), Handbook of theories of aging (pp. 443–462). Springer.
  • Montoro-Rodriguez, J., & Hayslip, B. (2019). The impact of a goal-setting intervention with custodial grandmothers: A demonstration project. Grandfamilies, 5(2), 25–42.
  • Montoro-Rodriguez, J., Hayslip, B., Ramsey, J., & Jooste, J. (2021). The utility of solution-focused strategies to support grandparents raising grandchildren. Journal of Aging and Health, 33(9), 647–660. https://doi.org/10.1177/08982643211004817
  • Musil, C., Zauszniewski, J., Givens, S., Henrich, C., Wallace, M., Jeanblanc, A., & Burant, C. (2019). Resilience, resourcefulness, and grandparenting. In B. Hayslip & C. Fruhauf (Eds.), Grandparenting: Influences on the dynamics of family relationships (pp. 233–250). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1891/9780826149855.0014
  • Neill, J., & Dias, K. (2001). Adventure education and resilience: The double-edged sword. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 1(2), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729670185200061
  • Park, H. H., & Greenberg, J. S. (2007). Parenting grandchildren. In J. Blackburn & K. Dulmus (Eds.), Handbook of gerontology: Evidence-based approaches to theory, practice, and policy (pp. 397–425). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118269640.ch15
  • Pearlin, L., Mullan, J., Semple, S., & Skaff, M. (1990). Caregiving and the stress process: An overview of concepts and their measures. The Gerontologist, 30(5), 583–594. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/30.5.583
  • Pew Foundation. (2010). Since the Start of the Great Recession, More Grandchildren Raised by Grandparents. http://pewresearch.org/pubs/1724
  • Pew Foundation. (2013, September 4). At grandmother’s house we stay: Grandparents living with or serving as primary caregivers for their grandchildren. Pew Foundation.
  • Preacher, K., & Hayes, A. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 36(4), 717–731. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206553
  • Prime, H., Wade, M., & Browne, D. (2020). Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist, 75(5), 631–643. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000660
  • Ronch, J., & Goldfield, J. A. (2003). Mental wellness and aging: Strength-based approaches. Health Professions Press.
  • Rosenthal, M., Littlewood, K., Langosch, D., Cooper, L., & Fedus, D. (2022). GrOW national study of grandfamilies during COVID-19: Wave I and wave II results and recommendations. Grandfamilies, 7(1), 52–61.
  • Rossi, E., Mortimer, J., & Rossi, K. (2011). Facilitating human resilience and resourcefulness for the mind-body healing of stress, trauma, and life crises. In M. Celinski & K. Gow (Eds.), Continuity versus creative response to challenge: The primacy of resilience and resourcefulness in life and therapy (pp. 415–429). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
  • Russell, B., Tomkunas, A., Hutchinson, M., Tambling, R., & Horton, A. (2022). The protective role of parent resilience on mental health and the parent–child relationship during COVID-19. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 53(1), 183–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01243-1
  • Rutter, M. (2007). Resilience, competence, and coping. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(3), 205–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.02.001
  • Sharda, E., Sutherby, C., Cavanaugh, D., Hughes, A., & Woodward, A. (2019). Parenting stress, well-being, and social support among kinship caregivers. Children and Youth Services Review, 99, 74–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.01.025
  • Sobel, M. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhardt (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp. 290–312). American Sociological Association.
  • Sousa, V. D., Zauszniewski, J. A., Bergquist-Beringer, S., Musil, C. M., Neese, J. B., & Jaber, A. F. (2010). Reliability, validity and factor structure of the appraisal of self-care agency scale–revised (ASAS-R). Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 16(6), 1031–1040. https://doi.org/10.1037/t43925-000
  • Stroebe, M., & Schut, H. (2021). Bereavement in times of COVID-19: A review and theoretical framework. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 82(3), 500–523. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030222820966928
  • Strozier, A. (2012). The effectiveness of support groups in increasing social support for kinship caregivers. Children & Youth Services Review, 29, 226–246.
  • Vallejo-Slocker, L., Fresneda, J., & Vallejo, M. (2020). Psychological wellbeing of vulnerable children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psicothema, 32(4), 501–507. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2020.218
  • Vallejo-Slocker, L., Sanz, J., Garcia-Vera, M., Fresneda, J., & Vallejo, M. (2022). Mental health, quality of life and coping strategies in vulnerable children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psicothema, 34(2), 249–258. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2021.467
  • Wacker, R. R., & Roberto, K. A. (2016). Theories of help-seeking behavior: Understanding community service use by older adults. In V. L. Bengtson & R. Setterson Jr. (Eds.), Handbook of theories of aging (pp. 505–530). Springer.
  • Whitley, D., Kelley, S., & Lamis, D. (2016). Depression, social support, and mental health: Longitudinal mediation analysis in African American custodial grandmothers. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 82(2–3), 166–187. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415015626550
  • Wu, Q., Xu, Y., & Jedwab, M. (2021). Custodial grandparent’s job loss during the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship with parenting stress and mental health. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 40(9), 923–933. https://doi.org/10.1177/07334648211006222
  • Xu, Y., Jedwab, M., Wu, Q., Levkoff, S., & Xu, L. (2022). Risk and protective factors with grandparent kinship caregivers’ psychological distress in COVID-19: Kinship license status as a moderator. Child and Family Social Work, 27(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12864
  • Yancura, L., Fruhauf, C. A., & Greenwood-Junkermeier, H. (2016). Recognizing microaggressions: A framework for helping grandfamilies. Grandfamilies, 3(1), 106–121.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.