The effects of acute and chronic exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation on auditory brainstem response in adult rats

References

• Alkis, M. E., H. M. Bilgin, V. Akpolat, S. Dasdag, K. Yegin, M. C. Yavas, and M. Z. Akdag. 2019. Effect of 900-, 1800-, and 2100-MHz radiofrequency radiation on DNA and oxidative stress in brain. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 38:32–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ammari, M., C. Gamez, A. Lecomte, M. Sakly, H. Abdelmelek, and R. De Seze. 2010. GFAP expression in the rat brain following sub-chronic exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field signal. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 86:367–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arai, N., H. Enomoto, S. Okabe, K. Yuasa, Y. Kamimura, and Y. Ugawa. 2003. Thirty minutes mobile phone use has no short-term adverse effects on central auditory pathways. Clin. Neurophysiol. 114:1390–1394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aran, J.-M., N. Carrere, Y. Chalan, P.-E. Dulou, S. Larrieu, L. Letenneur, B. Veyret, and D. Dulon. 2004. Effects of exposure of the ear to GSM microwaves: In vivo and in vitro experimental studies. Int J Audiol 43:545–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asl, J. F., M. Goudarzi, and H. Shoghi. 2020. The radio-protective effect of rosmarinic acid against mobile phone and Wi-Fi radiation-induced oxidative stress in the brains of rats. Pharmacol. Rep. 72:857–866.
   Google Scholar
• Bedir, R., L. Tumkaya, T. Mercantepe, and A. Yilmaz. 2018. Pathological findings observed in the kidneys of postnatal male rats exposed to the 2100 MHz electromagnetic field. Arch. Med. Res. 49:432–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradbury, M., and R. Deane. 1993. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to lead. Neurotoxicol. 14:131–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burkhardt, M., Y. Spinelli, and N. Kuster. 1997. Exposure setup to test effects of wireless communications systems on the CNS. Health Phys. 73:770–778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çeliker, M., A. Özgür, L. Tümkaya, S. Terzi, M. Yılmaz, Y. Kalkan, and E. Erdoğan. 2017. Effects of exposure to 2100 MHz GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic field on auditory system of rats. Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol. 83:691–696.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, B., Y. Zhong, W. Peng, Y. Sun, and W.-J. Kong. 2010. Age-related changes in the central auditory system: Comparison of D-galactose-induced aging rats and naturally aging rats. Brain Res. 1344:43–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, T.-J., and -S.-S. Chen. 1991. Generator study of brainstem auditory evoked potentials by a radiofrequency lesion method in rats. Exp. Brain Res. 85:537–542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, S. I., Y. S. Nam, L. Y. Chu, J. H. Lee, J. S. Bang, H. R. Kim, H. C. Kim, Y. J. Lee, H. D. Kim, and J. D. Sul. 2012. Extremely low frequency magnetic fields modulate nitric oxide signaling in rat brain. Bioelectromagnetics 33:568–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comelekoglu, U., S. Aktas, B. Demirbag, M. I. Karagul, S. Yalin, M. Yildirim, A. Akar, B. Korunur Engiz, F. Sogut, and E. Ozbay. 2018. Effect of low‐level 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation on the rat sciatic nerve and the protective role of paricalcitol. Bioelectromagnetics 39:631–643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croft, R., D. Hamblin, J. Spong, A. Wood, R. McKenzie, and C. Stough. 2008. The effect of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on the alpha rhythm of human electroencephalogram. Bioelectromagnetics 29:1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croft, R., S. Leung, R. McKenzie, S. Loughran, S. Iskra, D. Hamblin, and N. Cooper. 2010. Effects of 2G and 3G mobile phones on human alpha rhythms: Resting EEG in adolescents, young adults, and the elderly. Bioelectromagnetics 31:434–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasdag, S., M. Z. Akdag, E. Ulukaya, A. K. Uzunlar, and A. R. Ocak. 2009. Effect of mobile phone exposure on apoptotic glial cells and status of oxidative stress in rat brain. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 28:342–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasdag, S., M. Z. Akdag, G. Kizil, M. Kizil, D. U. Cakir, and B. Yokus. 2012. Effect of 900 MHz radio frequency radiation on beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde in the brain. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 31:67–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirel, S., S. Doganay, Y. Turkoz, Z. Dogan, B. Turan, and P. G. B. Firat. 2012. Effects of third generation mobile phone-emitted electromagnetic radiation on oxidative stress parameters in eye tissue and blood of rats. Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. 31:89–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elhag, M. A., G. M. Nabil, and A. M. M. Attia. 2007. Effects of electromagnetic field produced by mobile phones on the oxidant and antioxidant status of rats. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 10:4271–4274.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Esmekaya, M. A., M. Z. Tuysuz, A. Tomruk, A. G. Canseven, E. Yücel, Z. Aktuna, S. Keskil, and N. Seyhan. 2016. Effects of cell phone radiation on lipid peroxidation, glutathione and nitric oxide levels in mouse brain during epileptic seizure. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 75:111–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezz, H. A., Y. Khadrawy, N. Ahmed, N. Radwan, and M. El Bakry. 2013. The effect of pulsed electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone on the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in four different areas of rat brain. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 17:1782–1788.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritze, K., C. Wiessner, N. Kuster, C. Sommer, P. Gass, D. Hermann, M. Kiessling, and K.-A. Hossmann. 1997. Effect of global system for mobile communication microwave exposure on the genomic response of the rat brain. Neurosci. 81:627–639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabriel, C. 2005. Dielectric properties of biological tissue: Variation with age. Bioelectromagnetics 26:S12–S18.
   Google Scholar
• Ghanbari, A. A., K. Shabani, and D. M. Nejad. 2016. Protective effects of vitamin E consumption against 3MT electromagnetic field effects on oxidative parameters in substantia nigra in rats. Basic Clin. Neurosci. 7:315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilles, A., W. Schlee, S. Rabau, K. Wouters, E. Fransen, and P. Van de Heyning. 2016. Decreased speech-in-noise understanding in young adults with tinnitus. Front. Neurosci. 10:288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gok, D. K., D. Akpinar, P. Yargicoglu, S. Ozen, M. Aslan, N. Demir, N. Derin, and A. Agar. 2014. Effects of extremely low-frequency electric fields at different intensities and exposure durations on mismatch negativity. Neurosci. 272:154–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gui-Rong, D., L. Kang-Chu, W. Xiao-Wu, Z. Yong-Chun, Q. Lian-Bo, T. Juan, X. Sheng-Long, and G. Guo-Zhen. 2009. Effect of electromagnetic pulse exposure on brain micro vascular permeability in rats. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 22:265–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamblin, D. L., A. W. Wood, R. J. Croft, and C. Stough. 2004. Examining the effects of electromagnetic fields emitted by GSM mobile phones on human event-related potentials and performance during an auditory task. Clin. Neurophysiol. 115:171–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, R. A., and D. R. Ferrier. 2011. Lippincott’s illustrated reviews: Biochemistry. Fifth Edition ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
   Google Scholar
• Hidisoglu, E., D. K. Gok, H. Er, D. Akpinar, F. Uysal, G. Akkoyunlu, S. Ozen, A. Agar, and P. Yargicoglu. 2016. 2100-MHz electromagnetic fields have different effects on visual evoked potentials and oxidant/antioxidant status depending on exposure duration. Brain Res. 1635:1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyun, J.-C., and Y.-S. Oh. 2006. Effects of size and permittivity of rat brain on SAR values at 900 MHz and 1,800 MHz. J. Electromagn. Eng. Sci. 6:47–52.
   Google Scholar
• ICNIRP. 1998. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). International commission on non-ionizing radiation protection. Health Phys. 74: 494–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilhan, A., A. Gurel, F. Armutcu, S. Kamisli, M. Iraz, O. Akyol, and S. Ozen. 2004. Ginkgo biloba prevents mobile phone-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Clinica chimica acta 340:153–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• İmge, E. B., B. KiliçoĞlu, E. Devrim, R. Çetin, and İ. Durak. 2010. Effects of mobile phone use on brain tissue from the rat and a possible protective role of vitamin C–a preliminary study. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 86:1044–1049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irmak, M. K., E. Fadıllıoğlu, M. Güleç, H. Erdoğan, M. Yağmurca, and Ö. Akyol. 2002. Effects of electromagnetic radiation from a cellular telephone on the oxidant and antioxidant levels in rabbits. Cell Biochem. Funct. 20:279–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jelodar, G., S. Nazifi, and A. Akbari. 2013. The prophylactic effect of vitamin C on induced oxidative stress in rat testis following exposure to 900 MHz radio frequency wave generated by a BTS antenna model. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 32:409–416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, D.-P., J.-H. Li, J. Zhang, S.-L. Xu, F. Kuang, H.-Y. Lang, Y.-F. Wang, G.-Z. An, J. Li, and G.-Z. Guo. 2016. Long-term electromagnetic pulse exposure induces Abeta deposition and cognitive dysfunction through oxidative stress and overexpression of APP and BACE1. Brain Res. 1642:10–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonwal, C., R. Sisodia, V. K. Saxena, and K. K. Kesari. 2018. Effect of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the fertility pattern in male mice. Gen. Physiol. Biophys. 37:453–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karimi, S. A., I. Salehi, T. Shykhi, S. Zare, and A. Komaki. 2019. Effects of exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on spatial and passive avoidance learning and memory, anxiety-like behavior and oxidative stress in male rats. Behav. Brain Res. 359:630–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kesari, K. K., S. Kumar, and J. Behari. 2011. 900-MHz microwave radiation promotes oxidation in rat brain. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 30:219–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, R. A. 2012. Effects of Launaea procumbens on brain antioxidant enzymes and cognitive performance of rat. BMC Complement Altern Med 12:219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. H., D.-H. Yu, Y. H. Huh, E. H. Lee, H.-G. Kim, and H. R. Kim. 2017. Long-term exposure to 835 MHz RF-EMF induces hyperactivity, autophagy and demyelination in the cortical neurons of mice. Sci .Rep. 7:41129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. H., Y. H. Huh, J.-H. Lee, J. Y. Jung, S. C. Ahn, and H. R. Kim. 2019. Early exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 1850 MHz affects auditory circuits in early postnatal mice. Sci.Rep. 9:377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kıvrak, E. G., K. K. Yurt, A. A. Kaplan, I. Alkan, and G. Altun. 2017. Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defense system. J. Microsc. Ultrastruct. 5:167–176.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kleinlogel, H., T. Dierks, T. Koenig, H. Lehmann, A. Minder, and R. Berz. 2008. Effects of weak mobile phone—electromagnetic fields (GSM, UMTS) on event related potentials and cognitive functions. Bioelectromagnetics 29:488–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Köylü, H., H. Mollaoglu, F. Ozguner, M. Nazýroölu, and N. Delibap. 2006. Melatonin modulates 900 MHz microwave-induced lipid peroxidation changes in rat brain. Toxicol Ind Health 22:211–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Sueur, L. P., C. B. Collares-Buzato, and M. A. da Cruz-höfling. 2004. Mechanisms involved in the blood–brain barrier increased permeability induced by Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom in rats. Brain Res. 1027:38–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeBlanc, D., D. Hatcher, and R. Post. 2000. Finite-difference time-domain front-end utility. Texas, USA: Brooks Airforce Base.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J. E., T. Nakagawa, T. S. Kim, T. Endo, A. Shiga, F. Iguchi, S. H. Lee, and J. Ito. 2004. Role of reactive radicals in degeneration of the auditory system of mice following cisplatin treatment. Acta Otolaryngol. 124:1131–1135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, R., M. Ma, L. Li, L. Zhao, T. Zhang, X. Gao, D. Zhang, Y. Zhu, Q. Peng, and X. Luo. 2018. The protective effect of autophagy on DNA damage in mouse spermatocyte-derived cells exposed to 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 48:29–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maby, E., R. L. B. Jeannes, C. Liegeok-Chauvel, B. Gourevitch, and G. Faucon. 2004. Analysis of auditory evoked potential parameters in the presence of radiofrequency fields using a support vector machines method. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 42:562–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marjanovic Cermak, A. M., I. Pavicic, and I. Trosic. 2018. Oxidative stress response in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to short-term 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation. J. Environ. Sci. Health., Part A 53:132–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslin, M., S. Lloyd, S. Rutherford, S. Freeman, A. King, D. Moore, and K. Munro. 2015. Rapid increase in neural conduction time in the adult human auditory brainstem following sudden unilateral deafness. J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngology 16:631–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meral, I., H. Mert, N. Mert, Y. Deger, I. Yoruk, A. Yetkin, and S. Keskin. 2007. Effects of 900-MHz electromagnetic field emitted from cellular phone on brain oxidative stress and some vitamin levels of guinea pigs. Brain Res. 1169:120–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monsell, E. M. 2004. The mechanism of hearing loss in Paget’s disease of bone. Laryngoscope 114:598–606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obajuluwa, A. O., A. J. Akinyemi, O. B. Afolabi, K. Adekoya, J. O. Sanya, and A. O. Ishola. 2017. Exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic waves alters acetylcholinesterase gene expression, exploratory and motor coordination-linked behaviour in male rats. Toxicol. Rep. 4:530–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oktem, F., F. Ozguner, H. Mollaoglu, A. Koyu, and E. Uz. 2005. Oxidative damage in the kidney induced by 900-MHz-emitted mobile phone: Protection by melatonin. Arch. Med. Res. 36:350–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özgür, A., L. Tümkaya, S. Terzi, Y. Kalkan, Ö. Ç. Erdivanlı, and E. Dursun. 2015. Effects of chronic exposure to electromagnetic waves on the auditory system. Acta Otolaryngol. 135:765–770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panda, N. K., R. Modi, S. Munjal, and R. S. Virk. 2011. Auditory changes in mobile users: Is evidence forthcoming? Otolaryngol. 144:581–585.
   Google Scholar
• Pandya, C. D., K. R. Howell, and A. Pillai. 2013. Antioxidants as potential therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 46:214–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papageorgiou, C. C., E. D. Nanou, V. G. Tsiafakis, E. Kapareliotis, K. A. Kontoangelos, C. N. Capsalis, A. D. Rabavilas, and C. R. Soldatos. 2006. Acute mobile phone effects on pre-attentive operation. Neurosci. Lett. 397:99–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peyman, A., A. Rezazadeh, and C. Gabriel. 2001. Changes in the dielectric properties of rat tissue as a function of age at microwave frequencies. Phys. Med. Biol. 46:1617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosahl, S., M. Tatagiba, A. Gharabaghi, C. Matthies, and M. Samii. 2000. Acoustic evoked response following transection of the eighth nerve in the rat. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 142:1037–1045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahin, D., E. Ozgur, G. Guler, A. Tomruk, I. Unlu, A. Sepici-Dinçel, and N. Seyhan. 2016. The 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation of a 3G-mobile phone and the DNA oxidative damage in brain. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 75:94–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saikhedkar, N., M. Bhatnagar, A. Jain, P. Sukhwal, C. Sharma, and N. Jaiswal. 2014. Effects of mobile phone radiation (900 MHz radiofrequency) on structure and functions of rat brain. Neurol. Res. 36:1072–1079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schönborn, F., K. Poković, and N. Kuster. 2004. Dosimetric analysis of the carousel setup for the exposure of rats at 1.62 GHz. Bioelectromagnetics 25:16–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sİrav, B., and N. Seyhan. 2009. Blood-brain barrier disruption by continuous-wave radio frequency radiation. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 28:215–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokolovic, D., B. Djindjic, J. Nikolic, G. Bjelakovic, D. Pavlovic, G. Kocic, D. Krstic, T. Cvetkovic, and V. Pavlovic. 2008. Melatonin reduces oxidative stress induced by chronic exposure of microwave radiation from mobile phones in rat brain. J. Radiat. Res. 49:579–586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefanics, G., L. Kellényi, F. Molnár, G. Kubinyi, G. Thuróczy, and I. Hernádi. 2007. Short GSM mobile phone exposure does not alter human auditory brainstem response. BMC Public Health 7:325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasowicz, W., J. Neve, and A. Peretz. 1993. Optimized steps in fluorometric determination of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in serum: Importance of extraction pH and influence of sample preservation and storage. Clin. Chem. 39:2522–2526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar