Redefining electrosensitivity: A new literature-supported model

References

• Alchalabi, A. S. H., H. Rahim, E. Aklilu, et al. 2016. Histopathological changes associated with oxidative stress induced by electromagnetic waves in rats’ ovarian and uterine tissues. Asian. Pac. J. Reprod. 5(4):301–10. doi:10.1016/j.apjr.2016.06.008.
   Google Scholar
• Andrianome, S., Yahia-Cherif, L., & Selmaoui, B. 2019. Effect of short exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on saliva biomarkers: a study on the electrohypersensitive individuals. International Journal of Radiation Biology,95(6): 788–792. doi:10.1080/09553002.2019.1569776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belpomme, D., and P. Irigaray. 2020. Electrohypersenstivity as a newly identified and characterized neurologic pathological disorder: How to diagnose, treat, and prevent it. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21 (6):1915. doi:10.3390/ijms21061915.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black Dog Institute. (2017, 2018). Facts about suicide in Australia. Retrieved 16 March, 2020. https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/clinical-resources/suicide-self-harm/facts-about-suicide-in-australia
   Google Scholar
• Breit, S., A. Kupferberg, G. Rogler, and G. Hasler. 2018. Vagus nerve as modulator of the brain–gut axis in psychiatric and inflammatory disorders. Frontiers. Psychiatry. 9:44. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chavdoula, E. D., D. J. Panagopoulos, and L. H. Margaritis. 2010. Comparison of biological effects between continuous and intermittent exposure to GSM-900-MHz mobile phone radiation; Detection of apoptotic cell-death features. Mutation Research. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.05.008.
   Google Scholar
• Chovatiya, R., and R. Medzhitov. 2014. Stress, inflammation, and defense of homeostasis. Mol. Cell. 54 (2):281–88. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2014.03.030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, J. D., C. M. Kumbale, Q. Zhang, and E. O. Voit. 2019. Dynamical systems approaches to personalized medicine. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 58:168–74. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2019.03.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Luca, C., Thai, J. C. S., Raskovic, D., et al. 2014. Metabolic and genetic screening of electromagnetic hypersensitive subjects as a feasible tool for diagnostics and intervention. Mediators of Inflammation, Article ID 924184.
   Google Scholar
• Dieudonné, M. 2015. Does electromagnetic hypersensitivity originate from nocebo responses? Indications from a qualitative study. Bioelectromagnetics 37 (1):14–24. doi:10.1002/bem.21937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dovrat, A., R. Berenson, E. Bormusov, et al. 2005. Localized effects of microwave radiation on the intact eye lens in culture conditions. Bioelectromagnetics 26(5):398–405. doi:10.1002/bem.20114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerritsen, R. J. S., and G. P. H. Band. 2018. Breath of life: The respiratory vagal stimulation model of contemplative activity. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 12:397–397. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00397 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardell, L., M. Carlberg, and K. Hansson Mild. 2011. Pooled analysis of case-control studies on malignant brain tumours and the use of mobile and cordless phones including living and deceased subjects. Int. J. Oncol. 38 (5):1465–74. doi:10.3892/ijo.2011.947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Igea, J. M. 2013. The history of the idea of allergy. Allergy 68 (8):966–73. doi:10.1111/all.12174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irigaray, P., Caccamo, D., & Belpomme, D. 2018. Oxidative stress in electrohypersensitivity self‑reporting patients: Results of a prospective in vivo investigation with comprehensive molecular analysis. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 42: 1885–1898 doi:10.3892/ijmm
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson, O. 2006. Electrohypersensitivity: State-of-the-art of a functional impairment. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 25 (4):245–58. doi:10.1080/15368370601044150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kositsky, N. N., A. I. Nizhelska, and G. V. Ponezha. 2001. Translated by Ormsby, P. (2001, Feb). Influence of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation at non-thermal intensities on the human body. No Place to Hide, 3 (1):1–31 Supplement.
   Google Scholar
• Leach, V. A., S. Weller, and M. Redmayne. 2018. A novel database of bio-effects from non-ionising radiation. Rev. Environ. Health. 33 (3):273–80. doi:10.1515/reveh-2018-0017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, P. A. 1976. Accumulated stress, reserve capacity, and disease. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of California, Berkeley, CA. Retrieved from  http://somaticexperiencing.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Peter_A_Levine-Thesis.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Levis, A. G., N. Minicuci, L. Ricci, V. Gennaro, and G. Spiridione. 2011. Mobile phones and head tumours: The discrepancies in cause-effect relationships in epidemiological studies - how do they arise? Environ. Health. 10 (59). doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-59.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mohammadzadeh, M., H. Mobasheri, and F. Arazm. 2009. Electromagnetic field (EMF) effects on channel activity of nanopore OmpF protein. Eur. Biophys. J. 38 (8):1069–78. doi:10.1007/s00249-009-0511-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortazavi, S. M. J., S. M. Owji, M. B. Shojaei-Fard, et al. 2016. GSM 900 MHz Microwave radiation-induced alterations of insulin level and histopathological changes of liver and pancreas in rat. J. Biomed. Phys. Eng. 6 (4):235–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mravec, B. 2007. Letter to the Editor: Autonomic dysfunction in automimmune diseases: Consequence or cause? Lupus 16 (9):767–68. doi:10.1177/0961203307081843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2019, 27 March 2019). Neurotoxicity information page. Retrieved 22 November, 2020, https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Neurotoxicity-Information-Page
   Google Scholar
• Pall, M. L. 2016. Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression. J. Chem. Neuroanat. Part B. 75:43–51. doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.08.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Physicians for safe technology. (2016). Electrohypersensitivity overview. Retrieved 8 May, 2020. https://mdsafetech.org/problems/electro-sensitivity/electrosensitivity-history/
   Google Scholar
• Redmayne, M. (2017). Past, present and future. ElectroHyperSensitivity: History, definition and proposed diagnostic criteria. 15th World Congress on Public Health. Retrieved on 8 December 2020 from:  https://youtu.be/43-BDI3Ozkg
   Google Scholar
• Ruffle, J. K., S. J. Coen, V. Giampietro, S. C. R. Williams, Q. Aziz, and A. D. Farmer. 2018. Preliminary report: Parasympathetic tone links to functional brain networks during the anticipation and experience of visceral pain. Sci Rep 8 (1):13410. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31522-2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saygin, M., H. Asci, O. Ozmen, F. N. Cankara, D. Dincoglu, and I. Ilhan. 2016. Impact of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the testicular inflammatory pathway biomarkers in young rats: The role of gallic acid. Environ. Toxicol. 31 (12):1771–84. doi:10.1002/tox.22179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sisakht, M., M. Darabian, A. Mahmoodzadeh, et al. 2020. The role of radiation induced oxidative stress as a regulator of radio-adaptive responses. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 96(5):561–76. doi:10.1080/09553002.2020.1721597. (Feb 7:1 -16 [Epub ahead of print])
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein, Y., and I. G. Udasin. 2020. Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS, microwave syndrome) – Review of mechanisms. Environ. Res. 186:109445. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stojanovich, L., B. Milovanovich, S. R. de Luka, et al. 2007. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjögren syndrome and other autoimmune diseases. Lupus 16(3):181–85. doi:10.1177/0961203306076223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szemerszky, R., Z. Dömötör, and F. Köteles. 2019. One Single Question Is not Sufficient to Identify Individuals With Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity. Clin. Psychol. Eur. 1 (4):1–11. doi:10.32872/cpe.v1i4.35668 .
   Google Scholar
• Wood, A. W., S. P. Loughran, and C. Stough. 2006. Does evening exposure to mobile phone radiation affect subsequent melatonin production? Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 82 (2):69–76. doi:10.1080/09553000600599775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation. 2006. Proceedings international workshop on electromagnetic hypersensitivity held on October 25-27, 2004 Prague.  WHO Press, Geneva.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation. 2005. Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: Backgrounder. Electromagn. Fields. Public. Health.Retrieved 8 May, 2005 from : https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/radiation-and-health/electromagnetic-fields-and-public-health--electromagnetic-hypersensitivity
   Google Scholar
• Wu, H.-J., and E. Wu. 2012. The role of gut microbiota in immune homeostasis and autoimmunity. Gut. Microbes. 3 (1):4–14. doi:10.4161/gmic.19320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, M., W. Guo, C. Yang, et al. 2017. Mobile phone use and glioma risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS. One. 12(5):e0175136–e0175136. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar