Rumination as a Vulnerability Factor to Depression in Adolescents in Mainland China: Lifetime History of Clinically Significant Depressive Episodes

REFERENCES

• Abela , J. R. Z. , Stolow , D. , Mineka , S. , Yao , S. , & Zhu , X. ( 2010 ). Cognitive vulnerability to depressive symptoms in adolescents in urban and rural Hunan, China . Manuscript submitted for publication .
   Google Scholar
• Abramson , L. Y. , Metalsky , G. I. , & Alloy , L. B. ( 1989 ). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression . Psychological Review , 96 , 358 – 372 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alloy , L. B. , Abramson , L. Y. , Hogan , M. E. , Whitehouse , W. G. , Rose , D. T. , et al. . ( 2000 ). The Temple–Wisconsin Vulnerability to Depression Project: Lifetime history of axis I psychopathology in individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 , 403 – 418 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alloy , L. B. , Lipman , A. J. , & Abramson , L. Y. ( 1992 ). Attributional style as a vulnerability factor for depression: Validation by past history of mood disorders . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 16 , 391 – 407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . ( 1994 ). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders () , 4th ed. . Washington , DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , C. A. ( 1999 ). Attributional style, depression, and loneliness: A cross-cultural comparison of American and Chinese students . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 25 , 482 – 499 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett , P. A. , & Gotlib , I. H. ( 1998 ). Psychosocial functioning and depression: Distinguishing among antecedents, concomitants, and consequences . Psychological Bulletin , 104 , 97 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , M. R. , & Matsuyama , Y. ( 1988 ). Symptoms of depression and psychological distress in United States and Japanese college students . Journal of School Psychology , 128 , 803 – 816 .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. ( 1983 ). Cognitive therapy of depression: New perspectives . In P. J. Clayton & J. E. Barrett (Eds.), Treatment of depression: Old controversies and new approaches (pp. 265 – 290 ). New York : Raven Press .
   Google Scholar
• Belsher , G. , & Costello , C. G. ( 1988 ). Relapse after recovery from unipolar depression: A critical review . Psychological Bulletin , 104 , 84 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers , W. J. , Puig-Antich , J. , Hirsch , M. , Paez , P. , Ambrosini , P. , et al. . ( 1985 ). The assessment of affective disorders in children and adolescents by semi-structured interview: Test-retest reliability of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children, present episode version . Archives of General Psychiatry , 42 , 696 – 702 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan , D. W. ( 1995 ). Depressive symptoms and coping strategies among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 2 , 267 – 279 .
   Google Scholar
• Cheng , C. ( 1997 ). Role of perceived social support on depression in Chinese adolescents: A prospective study examining the buffering model . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 27 , 800 – 820 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu , M. L. , Feldman , S. S. , & Rosenthal , D. A. ( 1992 ). The influence of immigration on parental behavior and adolescent distress in Chinese families residing in two Western nations . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 2 , 205 – 239 .
   Google Scholar
• Costa , P. T. , & McCrae , R. R. ( 1992 ). NEO PI–R: Professional manual. Revised NEO personality inventory NEO PR–R and NEO five-factor inventory NEO–RRI . Odessa , FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Coyne , J. C. , & Whiffen , V. E. ( 1995 ). Issues in personality as diathesis for depression: The case of sociotropy-dependency and autonomy-self-criticism . Psychological Bulletin , 118 , 358 – 378 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis , C. ( 2004 ). Asia's tigers get the blues . Nature , 429 , 696 – 698 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Depue , R. A. , Slater , J. , Wofstetter-Kausch , H. , Klein , D. , Goplerud , E. , & Farr , D. ( 1981 ). A behavioral paradigm for identifying persons at risk for bipolar depressive disorder: A conceptual framework and five validation studies . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 90 , 381 – 437 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong , Q. , Yang , B. , & Ollendick , T. H. ( 1994 ). Fears in Chinese children and adolescents and their relations to anxiety and depression . The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 35 , 351 – 363 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberger , E. , Chen , C. , Beam , M. , Whang , S. M. , & Dong , Q. ( 2000 ). The perceived social contexts of adolescents' misconduct: A comparative study of youths in three cultures . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 10 , 365 – 388 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankin , B. L. , Lakdawalla , Z. , Carter , I. L. , Abela , J. R. Z. , & Adams , P. ( 2007 ). Are neuroticism, cognitive vulnerabilities and self-esteem overlapping or distinct risks for depression? Evidence from confirmatory factor analyses . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 26 , 29 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesketh , T. , Ding , Q. J. , & Jenkins , R. ( 2002 ). Suicide ideation in Chinese adolescents . Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 37 , 230 – 235 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho , D. Y. F. ( 1986 ). Psychology in Hong Kong . International Journal of Psychology , 21 , 213 – 223 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing , Q. , & Wan , C. ( 1997 ). Socialization of Chinese children . Cross Cultural Research and Methodology , 19 , 59 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Just , N. , Abramson , L. Y. , & Alloy , L. B. ( 2001 ). Remitted depression studies as tests of the cognitive vulnerability hypotheses of depression onset: A critique and conceptual analysis . Clinical Psychology Review , 21 , 63 – 83 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman , J. , Birmaher , B. , Brent , B. , Rao , U. , & Ryan , N. ( 1996 ). The schedule for affective disorders for school-age children . Pittsburgh , PA : University of Pittsburgh Medical Center .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , D. T. , Yip , A. S. , Leung , T. Y. , & Chung , T. K. ( 2001 ). Screening for postnatal depression: Are specific instruments mandatory? Journal of Affective Disorders , 63 , 233 – 238 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leong , F. T. L. , Okazaki , S. , & Tak , J. ( 2003 ). Assessment of depression and anxiety in East Asia . Psychological Assessment , 15 , 290 – 305 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung , P. W. L. , & Wong , M. M. T. ( 1998 ). Can cognitive distortions differentiate between internalising and externalising problems? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 39 , 263 – 269 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , X. C. , Ma , D. D. , Kurita , H. , & Tang , M. Q. ( 1999 ). Self-reported depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents . Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology , 34 , 44 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markus , H. R. , & Kitayama , S. ( 1991 ). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation . Psychological Review , 98 , 224 – 253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema , S. ( 1991 ). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 100 , 569 – 582 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema , S. , & Morrow , J. ( 1991 ). A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Lomo Prieta earthquake . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 61 , 115 – 121 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema , S. , Parker , L. E. , & Larson , J. (1994). Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 67, 92–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , G. , Gladstone , G. , & Chee , K. T. ( 2001 ). Depression in the planet's largest ethnic group: The Chinese . The American Journal of Psychiatry , 158 , 857 – 864 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips , M. R. , Li , X. , & Zhang , Y. ( 2002 ). Suicide rates in China . Lancet , 359 , 835 – 840 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robins , R. W. , Fraley , R. C. , Roberts , B. W. , & Trzesniewski , K. H. ( 2001 ). A longitudinal study of personality change in young adulthood . Journal of Personality , 69 , 617 – 640 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shek , D. T. L. ( 1991 ). What does the Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory measure in Chinese students—General psychopathology or depression . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 47 , 381 – 390 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer , R. S. , Endicott , J. , & Robins , E. ( 1978 ). Research diagnostic criteria: Rationale and reliability . Archives of General Psychiatry , 35 , 773 – 782 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart , S. M. , Bond , M. H. , Deeds , O. , & Chung , S. F. ( 1999 ). Intergenerational patterns of values and autonomy expectations in cultures of relatedness and separateness . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 30 , 575 – 593 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart , M. S. , Kennard , B. , Lee , P. W. H. , Hughes , C. W. , Mayes , T. L. , et al. . ( 2004 ). A cross-cultural investigation of cognitions and depressive symptoms in adolescents . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 113 , 248 – 257 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart , M. S. , Lewinsohn , P. M. , Lee , P. W. H. , Ho , L. M. , Kennard , B. , et al. . ( 2002 ). Symptom patterns in depression and “subthreshold” depression among adolescents in Hong Kong and the United States . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 33 , 559 – 576 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zilber , I. , Abela , J. R. Z. , & Weinstangel , R. ( 2008 ). Sex and age differences in adolescent depression: A cognitive vulnerability-stress perspective . In P. Hernandez & S. Alonso (Eds.), Women and depression (pp. 41 – 82 ). Hauppauge , NY : Nova Science .
   Google Scholar