Protective Factors Associated with Fewer Multiple Problem Behaviors Among Homeless/Runaway Youth

REFERENCES

• Baer , J. S. , Ginzler , J. A. , & Peterson , P. L. ( 2003 ). DSM–IV alcohol and substance abuse and dependence in homeless youth . Journal of Studies in Alcohol , 64 , 5 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey , S. L. , Camlin , C. S. , & Ennett , S. T. ( 1998 ). Substance use and risky sexual behavior among homeless and runaway youth . Journal of Adolescent Health , 23 , 378 – 388 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. ( 1997 ). The anatomy of stages of change . American Journal of Health Promotion , 12 , 8 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R. M. , & Kenny , D. A. ( 1986 ). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 , 1173 – 1182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumeister , R. , Campbell , J. , Krueger , J. , & Vohs , K. ( 2003 ). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest , 4 , 1 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentler , P. M. ( 2006 ). EQS Structural Equations Program manual . Encino , CA : Multivariate Software .
   Google Scholar
• Bentler , P. M. , & Dudgeon , P. ( 1996 ). Covariance structure analysis: Statistical practice, theory, and directions . Annual Review of Psychology , 47 , 563 – 592 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bousman , C. A. , Blumberg , E. J. , Shillington , A. M. , Hovell , M. F. , Ji , M. , et al. ( 2005 ). Predictors of substance use among homeless youth in San Diego . Addictive Behavior , 30 , 1100 – 1110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne , M. , & Cudeck , R. ( 1993 ). Alternative ways of assessing model fit . In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models ( pp. 136 – 162 ). Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Byrne , B. M. , Shavelson , R. J. , & Muthén , B. ( 1989 ). Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: The issue of partial measurement invariance . Psychological Bulletin , 105 , 456 – 466 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cauce , A. , Stewart , A. , Rodriguez , M. , Cochran , B. , & Ginzler , J. ( 2003 ). Overcoming the odds? Adolescent development in the context of urban poverty . In S. Luthar (Ed.), Resilience and vulnerability: Adaptation in the context of childhood adversities (pp. 452 – 481 ). New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , X. , Thrane , L. , Whitbeck , L. B. , Johnson , K. D. , & Hoyt , D. R. ( 2007 ). Onset of conduct disorder, use of delinquent subsistence strategies, and street victimization among homeless and runaway adolescents in the Midwest . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 22 , 1156 – 1183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou , C. , & Bentler , P. M. ( 1990 ). Model modification in covariance structure modeling: A comparison among likelihood ratio, Lagrange multiplier, and Wald tests . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 25 , 115 – 136 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clatts , M. C. , Goldsamt , L. , Yi , H. , & Gwadz , M. V. ( 2005 ). Homelessness and drug abuse among young men who have sex with men in New York City: A preliminary epidemiological trajectory . Journal of Adolescence , 28 , 201 – 214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , M. L. , Wood , P. K. , Orcutt , H. K. , & Albino , A. ( 2003 ). Personality and the predisposition to engage in risky or problem behaviors during adolescence . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 84 , 390 – 410 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Rosa , C. J. , Montgomery , S. B. , Kipke , M. D. , Iverson , E. , Ma , J. L. , & Unger , J. B. ( 1999 ). Service utilization among homeless and runaway youth in Los Angeles, California: Rates and reasons . Journal of Adolescent Health , 24 , 449 – 458 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan , J. E. , & Jessor , R. ( 1985 ). Structure of problem behavior in adolescence and young adulthood . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 53 , 890 – 904 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DuBois , D. L. , & Tevendale , H. D. ( 1999 ). Self-esteem in childhood and adolescence: Vaccine or epiphenomenon? Applied & Preventive Psychology , 8 , 103 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eapen , V. , Naqvi , A. , & Al-Dhaheri , A. S. ( 2000 ). Cross-cultural validation of Harter's self-perception profile children in the United Arab Emirates . Annals of Saudi Medicine , 20 , 8 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein , J. A. , Griffin , K. W. , & Botvin , G. J. ( 2002 ). Positive impact of competence skills and psychological wellness in protecting inner-city adolescents from alcohol use . Prevention Science , 3 , 95 – 104 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Epstein , J. A. , Zhou , X. K. , Bang , H. , & Botvin , G. J. ( 2007 ). Do competence skills moderate the impact of social influences to drink and perceived social benefits of drinking on alcohol use among inner-city adolescents? . Prevention Science , 8 , 65 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Givaudan , M. , Leenen , I. , Van de Vijver , F. J. , Poortinga , Y. H. , & Pick , S. ( 2008 ). Longitudinal study of a school based HIV/AIDS early prevention program for Mexican adolescents . Psychology, Health and Medicine , 13 , 98 – 110 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greene , J. M. , Ennett , S. T. , & Ringwalt , C. L. ( 1999 ). Prevalence and correlates of survival sex among runaway and homeless youth . American Journal of Public Health , 89 , 1406 – 1409 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haignere , C. S. , Gold , R. , Maskovsky , J. , Ambrosini , J. , Rogers , C. L. , & Gollub , E. ( 2000 ). High-risk adolescents and female condoms: knowledge, attitudes, and use patterns . Journal of Adolescent Health , 26 , 392 – 398 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines , R. T. ( 2007 ). African American adolescent academic performance and delinquency participation: The contribution of depression and rational decision-making within the family context . Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences , 68 , 1325 .
   Google Scholar
• Halcón , L. , & Lifson , A. ( 2004 ). Prevalence and predictors of sexual risks among homeless youth . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 33 , 71 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haley , N. , Roy , E. , Leclerc , P. , Boudreau , J. F. , & Boivin , J. F. ( 2004 ). HIV risk profile of male street youth involved in survival sex . Sexually Transmitted Infections , 80 , 526 – 530 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammer , H. , Finkelhor , D. , & Sedlak , A. ( 2002 ). Runaway/thrownaway children: National estimates and characteristics. National incidence studies of missing, abducted, runaway, and thrownaway children. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention .
   Google Scholar
• Hansen , W. B. ( 1992 ). 2School-based substance abuse prevention: A review of the state of the art in curriculum, 1980–1990 . Health Education Research , 7 , 403 – 420 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen , W. B. , & McNeal , R. B. Jr. ( 2001 ). Self-initiated cessation from substance use: A longitudinal study of the relationship between postulated mediators and quitting . Journal of Drug Issues , 31 , 957 – 974 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harter , S. ( 1985 ). Manual for the Self-Perception Profile for Children . Denver , CO : University of Denver .
   Google Scholar
• Harter , S. ( 1988 ). Manual for the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents . Denver , CO : University of Denver .
   Google Scholar
• Hasking , P. A. ( 2007 ). Reinforcement sensitivity, coping, and delinquent behaviour in adolescents . Journal of Adolescence , 30 , 739 – 749 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbst , J. H. , Kay , L. S. , Passin , W. F. , Lyles , C. M. , Crepaz , N. , & Marin , B. V. (2007). A systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral interventions to reduce HIV risk behaviors of Hispanics in the United States and Puerto Rico. AIDS & Behavior , 11, 25–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess , R. S. , & Petersen , S. J. ( 1996 ). Reliability and validity of the self-perception profile for children with Mexican American elementary-age children . Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment , 14 , 229 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu , L.-T. , & Bentler , P. M. ( 1999 ). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives . Structural Equation Modeling , 6 , 1 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyun , M. S. , Chung , H. I. , & Lee , Y. J. ( 2005 ). The effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on the self-esteem, depression, and self-efficacy of runaway adolescents in a shelter in South Korea . Applied Nursing Research , 18 , 160 – 166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kipke , M. D. , O'Connor , S. , Palmer , R. , & MacKenzie , R. G. ( 1995 ). Street youth in Los Angeles. Profile of a group at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection . Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine , 149 , 513 – 519 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuperminc , G. P. , & Allen , J. P. ( 2001 ). Social orientation: Problem behavior and motivations toward interpersonal problem solving among high-risk adolescents . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 30 , 597 – 622 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langer , L. M. , & Tubman , J. G. ( 1997 ). Risky sexual behavior among substance-abusing adolescents: Psychosocial and contextual factors . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 67 , 315 – 322 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lederman , R. P. , & Mian , T. S. ( 2003 ). The parent-adolescent relationship education (PARE) program: A curriculum for prevention of STDs and pregnancy in middle school youth . Behavioral Medicine , 29 , 33 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little , T. D. , Cunningham , W. A. , Shahar , G. , & Widaman , K. F. ( 2002 ). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits . Structural Equation Modeling , 9 , 151 – 173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon , D. P. , & Fairchild , A. J. ( 2009 ). Current directions in mediation analysis . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 18 , 16 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon , D. P. , Fairchild , A. J. , & Fritz , M. S. ( 2007 ). Mediation analysis . Annual Review of Psychology , 58 , 17.1 – 17.22 .
   Google Scholar
• Mager , W. , Milich , R. , Harris , M. J. , & Howard , A. ( 2005 ). Intervention groups for adolescents with conduct problems: Is aggregation harmful or helpful? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 33 , 349 – 632 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martsch , M. D. ( 2005 ). A comparison of two group interventions for adolescent aggression: High process versus low process . Research on Social Work Practice , 15 , 8 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• McMorris , B. J. , Tyler , K. A. , Whitbeck , L. B. , & Hoyt , D. R. ( 2002 ). Familial and ‘‘on-the-street'’ risk factors associated with alcohol use among homeless and runaway adolescents . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 63 , 34 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , N. , & Davidson , J. , Sr. ( 2006 ). College women and personal goals: Cognitive dimensions that differentiate risk-reduction sexual decisions . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 35 , 577 – 589 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson , J. M. , & McCubbin , H. I. ( 1987 ). Adolescent coping style and behaviors: Conceptualization and measurement . Journal of Adolescence , 10 , 163 – 186 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedlow , C. T. , & Carey , M. P. ( 2004 ). Developmentally appropriate sexual risk reduction interventions for adolescents: Rationale, review of interventions, and recommendations for research and practice . Annals of Behavioral Medicine , 27 , 172 – 184 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rew , L. , Fouladi , R. T. , Land , L. , & Wong , Y. J. ( 2007 ). Outcomes of a brief sexual health intervention for homeless youth . Journal of Health Psychology , 12 , 818 – 832 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohde , P. , Jorgensen , J. , Seeley , J. , & Mace , D. ( 2004 ). Pilot evaluation of the coping course: A cognitive-behavioral intervention to enhance coping skills in incarcerated youth . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 43 , 669 – 676 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotheram-Borus , M. J. , Koopman , C. , & Haignere , C. ( 1991 ). Reducing HIV sexual risk behaviors among runaway adolescents . The journal of the American Medical Association , 266 , 1237 – 1241 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotheram-Borus , M. J. , Song , J. , Gwadz , M. , Lee , M. , Van Rossem , R. , & Koopman , C. ( 2003 ). Reductions in HIV risk among runaway youth . Prevention Science , 4 , 173 – 187 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sanchez , R. P. , Waller , M. W. , & Greene , J. M. ( 2006 ). Who runs? A demographic profile of runaway youth in the United States . Journal of Adolescent Health , 39 , 778 – 781 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satorra , A. , & Bentler , P. M. ( 2001 ). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis . Psychometrika , 66 , 507 – 514 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidman , E. , Allen , L. , Aber , J. L. , Mitchell , C. , Feinman , J. , & Yoshikawa , H. ( 1995 ). Development and validation of adolescent-perceived microsystem scales: Social support, daily hassles, and involvement . American Journal of Community Psychology , 23 , 355 – 388 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slesnick , N. , & Kang , M. J. ( 2008 ). The impact of an integrated treatment on HIV risk behavior among homeless youth: A randomized controlled trial . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 31 , 45 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solorio , M. R. , Milburn , N. G. , Rotheram-Borus , M. J. , Higgins , C. , & Gelberg , L. ( 2006 ). Predictors of sexually transmitted infection testing among sexually active homeless youth . AIDS Behavior , 10 , 179 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Stein , J. A. , Lee , J. W. , & Jones , P. S. ( 2006 ). Assessing cross-cultural differences through the use of multiple group invariance analysis . Journal of Personality Assessment , 87 , 249 – 258 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun , W. , Skara , S. , Sun , P. , Dent , C. W. , & Sussman S. ( 2006 ). Project Towards No Drug Abuse: Long-term substance use outcomes evaluation . Preventive Medicine , 42 , 188 – 192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , S. E. , & Stanton , A. L. ( 2007 ). Coping resources, coping processes, and mental health . Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , 3 , 377 – 401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tebes , J. K. , Feinn , R. , Vanderploeg , J. J. , Chinman , M. J. , Shepard , J. , & Brabham , T. ( 2007 ). Impact of a positive youth development program in urban after-school settings on the prevention of adolescent substance use . Journal of Adolescent Health , 41 , 239 – 247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tevendale , H. D. , Lightfoot , M. , & Sloucum , S. L. ( 2009 ). Individual and environmental protective factors for risky sexual behavior among homeless youth: An exploration of gender differences . AIDS and Behavior , 13 , 154 – 164 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , S. J. ( 2004 ). Risk/protective factors associated with substance use among runaway/homeless youth utilizing emergency shelter services nationwide . Substance Abuse , 25 , 13 – 26 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tyler , K. A. , Whitbeck , L. B. , Chen , X. , & Johnson , K. ( 2007 ). Sexual health of homeless youth: Prevalence and correlates of sexually transmissible infections . Sexual Health , 4 , 57 – 61 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler , K. A. , Whitbeck , L. B. , Hoyt , D. R. , & Cauce , A. M. ( 2004 ). Risk factors for sexual victimization among male and female homeless and runaway youth . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 19 , 503 – 520 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler , K. A. , Whitbeck , L. B. , Hoyt , D. R. , & Yoder , K. A. ( 2000 ). Predictions of self-reported sexually transmitted diseases among homeless and runaway adolescents . Journal of Sex Research , 37 , 369 – 377 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Leeuwen , J. , Hopfer , C. , Hooks , S. , White , R. , Petersen , J. , & Pirkopf , J. ( 2004 ). A snapshot of substance abuse among homeless and runaway youth in Denver, Colorado . Journal of Community Health , 29 , 217 – 229 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanZile-Tamsen , C. , Testa , M. , Harlow , L. L. , & Livingston , J. A. (2006). A measurement model of women's behavioral risk taking. Health Psychology , 25, 249–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber , A. E. , Boivin , J. F. , Blais , L. , Haley , N. , & Roy , E. ( 2002 ). HIV risk profile and prostitution among female street youths . Journal of Urban Health , 79 , 525 – 535 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitbeck , L. , Hoyt , D. , Yoder , K. , Cauce , A. , & Paradise , M. ( 2001 ). Deviant behavior and victimization among homeless and runaway adolescents . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 16 , 1175 – 1204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willoughby , T. , Chalmers , H. , & Busseri , M. A. ( 2004 ). Where is the syndrome? Examining co-occurrence among multiple problem behaviors in adolescence . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 72 , 1022 – 1037 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan , K.-H. , Bentler , P. M. , & Kano , Y. ( 1997 ). On averaging variables in a confirmatory factor analysis model . Behaviormetrika , 24 , 71 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , L. , Welte , J. W. , & Wieczorek , W. F. ( 2002 ). Underlying common factors of adolescent problem behaviors . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 29 , 161 – 182 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar