The Complex Role of Parental Separation in the Association between Family Conflict and Child Problem Behavior

References

• Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987). Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychological Bulletin, 101(2), 213–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms & profiles: An integrated system of multi-informant assessment; Child behavior checklist for ages 1 1/2-5; Language development survey; Caregiver-teacher report form: University of Vermont.
   Google Scholar
• Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). ASEBA school-age forms & profiles: Aseba Burlington, VT.
   Google Scholar
• Amato, P. D., & DeBoer, D. D. (2001). The transmission of marital instability across generations: Relationship skills or commitment to marriage? Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(4), 1038–1051. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.01038.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato, P. R. (2000). The Consequences of Divorce for Adults and Children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4), 1269–1287. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01269.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato, P. R. (2001). Children of divorce in the 1990s: An update of the Amato and Keith (1991) meta-analysis. Journal of Family Psychology : JFP : Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 15(3), 355–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato, P. R., & Afifi, T. D. (2006). Feeling caught between parents: Adult children’s relations with parents and subjective well-being. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(1), 222–235. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00243.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato, P. R., Kane, J. B., & James, S. (2011). Reconsidering the “Good Divorce”. Family Relations, 60(5), 511–524. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2011.00666.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthony, L. G., Anthony, B. J., Glanville, D. N., Naiman, D. Q., Waanders, C., & Shaffer, S. (2005). The relationships between parenting stress, parenting behaviour and preschoolers’ social competence and behaviour problems in the classroom. Infant and Child Development, 14(2), 133–154. doi:10.1002/icd.385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–Mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhrolch, M. N. (2001). ‘Divorce Effects’ and causality in the social sciences. European Sociological Review, 17(1), 33–57. doi:10.1093/esr/17.1.33
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth, A., & Amato, P. R. (2001). Parental predivorce relations and offspring postdivorce well-being. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(1), 197–212. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00197.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke, J. D., Pardini, D. A., & Loeber, R. (2008). Reciprocal relationships between parenting behavior and disruptive psychopathology from childhood through adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(5), 679–692. doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9219-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byles, J., Byrne, C., Boyle, M. H., & Offord, D. R. (1988). Ontario child health study: Reliability and validity of the general functioning subscale of the mcmaster family assessment device. Family Process, 27(1), 97–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camisasca, E., Miragoli, S., & Di Blasio, P. (2016). Families with distinct levels of marital conflict and child adjustment: Which role for maternal and paternal stress? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(3), 733–745. doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0261-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choté, A. A., Koopmans, G. T., Redekop, W. K., de Groot, C. J. M., Hoefman, R. J., Jaddoe, V. W. V., … Foets, M. (2011). Explaining ethnic differences in late antenatal care entry by predisposing, enabling and need factors in the Netherlands. The Generation R Study. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 15(6), 689–699. doi:10.1007/s10995-010-0619-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings, E. M., Schermerhorn, A. C., Davies, P. T., Goeke-Morey, M. C., & Cummings, J. S. (2006). Interparental discord and child adjustment: prospective investigations of emotional security as an explanatory mechanism. Child Development, 77(1), 132–152. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00861.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, P. T., Hentges, R. F., Coe, J. L., Martin, M. J., Sturge-Apple, M. L., & Cummings, E. M. (2016). The multiple faces of interparental conflict: Implications for cascades of children’s insecurity and externalizing problems. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(5), 664–678. doi:2016-23425-001 [pii]. doi:10.1037/abn0000170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson-McClure, S. R., Sandler, I. N., Wolchik, S. A., & Millsap, R. E. (2004). Risk as a moderator of the effects of prevention programs for children from divorced families: A six-year longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32(2), 175–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Beurs, E. (2004). Handleiding. Brief symptom inventory. Leiden, The Netherlands: Pits Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• de Beurs, E., & Zitman, F. (2005). De betrouwbaarheid en validiteit van een handzaam alternatief voor de SCL-90. De Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Leiden, The Netherlands: Leids universitair medisch centrum.
   Google Scholar
• De Los Reyes, A., Augenstein, T. M., Wang, M., Thomas, S. A., Drabick, D. A., Burgers, D. E., & Rabinowitz, J. (2015). The validity of the multi-informant approach to assessing child and adolescent mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 141(4), 858–900. doi:2015-18640-001 [pii]. doi:10.1037/a0038498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Los Reyes, A., Youngstrom, E. A., Pabon, S. C., Youngstrom, J. K., Feeny, N. C., & Findling, R. L. (2011). Internal consistency and associated characteristics of informant discrepancies in clinic referred youths age 11 to 17 years. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53, 40(1), 36–53. doi:932227165 [pii]. doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.533402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deater‐Deckard, K. (2005). Parenting stress and children’s development: Introduction to the special issue. Infant and Child Development, 14(2), 111–115. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1522-7219
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983). The brief symptom inventory: An introductory report. Psychological Medicine, 13(3), 595–605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Marroun, H., Tiemeier, H., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Hofman, A., Mackenbach, J. P., Steegers, E. A. P., & Huizink, A. C. (2008). Demographic, emotional and social determinants of cannabis use in early pregnancy: The Generation R Study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 98(3), 218–226. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.05.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, E. M. (2000a). The legacy of divorce in the postmodern age. Divorce wars: Interventions with families in conflict (pp. 21-25). American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Ellis, E. M. (2000b, p. 57). Impact of parental conflict on children’s adjustment following divorce. Divorce wars: Interventions with families in conflict (pp. 55-58). American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Epstein, N. B., Baldwin, L. M., & Bishop, D. S. (1983). THE McMASTER FAMILY ASSESSMENT DEVICE*. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 9(2), 171–180. doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1983.tb01497.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felitti, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2010). The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to adult health, well-being, social function, and health care. In R. Lanius, E. Vermetten, & C. Pain (Eds.), The effects of early life trauma on health and disease: The hidden epidemic. Cambridge, USA: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fosco, G. M., & Grych, J. H. (2008). Emotional, cognitive, and family systems mediators of children’s adjustment to interparental conflict. Journal of Family Psychology : JFP : Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 22(6), 843–854. doi:2008-17958-005 [pii]. doi:10.1037/a0013809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goeke-Morey, M. C., Cummings, E. M., & Papp, L. M. (2007). Children and marital conflict resolution: Implications for emotional security and adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology : JFP : Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 21(4), 744–753. doi:2007-18728-020 [pii]. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldthorpe, J. H. (2001). Causation, statistics, and sociology. European Sociological Review, 17(1), 1–20. doi:10.1093/esr/17.1.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gryczkowski, M. R., Jordan, S. S., & Mercer, S. H. (2010). Differential relations between mothers’ and fathers’ parenting practices and child externalizing behavior. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19(5), 539–546. doi:10.1007/s10826-009-9326-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartman, R. C., Bertsch, D. L., Bloom, S. D., Chen, A. W., Deines-Jones, P., Esposito, J. A., … McDonald, L. M. (1999). The third EGRET catalog of high-energy gamma-ray sources. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 123(1), 79. doi:10.1086/313231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard, K. S., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2009). Relationship supportiveness during the transition to parenting among married and unmarried parents. Parenting, 9(1–2), 123–142. doi:10.1080/15295190802656828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imai, K., Keele, L., & Yamamoto, T. (2010). Identification, inference and sensitivity analysis for causal mediation effects. Statistical Science, 51–71. doi:10.1214/10-STS321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivanova, M. Y., Achenbach, T. M., Rescorla, L. A., Harder, V. S., Ang, R. P., Bilenberg, N., … Verhulst, F. C. (2010). Preschool psychopathology reported by parents in 23 societies: Testing the seven-syndrome model of the child behavior checklist for ages 1.5-5. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(12), 1215–1224. doi:S0890-8567(10)00735-5 [pii]. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins, J., Simpson, A., Dunn, J., Rasbash, J., & O’Connor, T. G. (2005). Mutual influence of marital conflict and children’s behavior problems: Shared and nonshared family risks. Child Development, 76(1), 24–39. doi:CDEV827 [pii]. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00827.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, J. B., & Emery, R. E. (2003). Children’s adjustment following divorce: Risk and resilience perspectives. Family Relations, 52(4), 352–362. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2003.00352.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, J. B., & Lamb, M. E. (2000). Using child development research to make appropriate custody and access decisions for young children. Family Court Review, 38(3), 297–311. doi:10.1111/j.174-1617.2000.tb00577.x
   Google Scholar
• Kluwer, E. S., & Johnson, M. D. (2007). Conflict frequency and relationship quality across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(5), 1089–1106. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00434.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kooijman, M. N., Kruithof, C. J., van Duijn, C. M., Duijts, L., Franco, O. H., van, I. M. H., … Jaddoe, V. W. (2016). The Generation R Study: Design and cohort update 2017. European Journal of Epidemiology, 31(12), 1243–1264. [pii]. doi:10.1007/s10654-016-0224-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lansford, J. E., Malone, P. S., Castellino, D. R., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (2006). Trajectories of internalizing, externalizing, and grades for children who have and have not experienced their parents’ divorce or separation. Journal of Family Psychology : JFP : Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 20(2), 292–301. doi:2006-07278-013 [pii]. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.20.2.292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lansford, J. E., Malone, P. S., Dodge, K. A., Crozier, J. C., Pettit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (2006). A 12-year prospective study of patterns of social information processing problems and externalizing behaviors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34(5), 715–724. doi:10.1007/s10802-006-9057-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurin, J. C., Joussemet, M., Tremblay, R. E., & Boivin, M. (2015). Early forms of controlling parenting and the development of childhood anxiety. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(11), 3279–3292. doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0131-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litman, H. J., Horton, N. J., Hernández, B., & Laird, N. M. (2007). Incorporating missingness for estimation of marginal regression models with multiple source predictors. Stat Med, 26(5), 1055–1068. doi: 10.1002/sim.2593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntosh, J. (2003). Enduring conflict in parental separation: Pathways of impact on child development. Journal of Family Studies, 9(1), 63–80. doi:10.5172/jfs.9.1.63
   Google Scholar
• McLanahan, S., Tach, L., & Schneider, D. (2013). The causal effects of father absence. Annual Review of Sociology, 399, 399–427. doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-071312-145704
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Netherlands Statistics. (2006). Begrippen: Allochten. Retrieved from
   Google Scholar
• Pardini, D. A. (2008). Novel insights into longstanding theories of bidirectional parent–Child influences: Introduction to the special section. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(5), 627–631. doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9231-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendry, P., & Adam, E. K. (2013). Child-related interparental conflict in infancy predicts child cognitive functioning in a nationally representative sample. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22(4), 502–515. doi:10.1007/s10826-012-9603-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717–731. doi:10.3758/bf03206553
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rhoades, K. A. (2008). Children’s responses to interparental conflict: A meta-analysis of their associations with child adjustment. Child Development, 79(6), 1942–1956. CDEV1235 [pii]. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01235.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbers, S., van Oort, F., Huizink, A., Verhulst, F., van Beijsterveldt, C., Boomsma, D., & Bartels, M. (2012). Childhood problem behavior and parental divorce: Evidence for gene-environment interaction. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(10), 1539–1548. doi:10.1007/s00127-011-0470-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sameroff, A. J., & Mackenzie, M. J. (2003). Research strategies for capturing transactional models of development: The limits of the possible. Development and Psychopathology, 15(3), 613–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schermerhorn, A. C., Cummings, E. M., DeCarlo, C. A., & Davies, P. T. (2007). Children’s influence in the marital relationship. Journal of Family Psychology : JFP : Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 21(2), 259–269. 2007-09250-013 [pii]. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.21.2.259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., Schermerhorn, A. C., & Cummings, E. M. (2007). Marital conflict and children’s adjustment: evaluation of the parenting process model. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(5), 1118–1134. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00436.x
   Google Scholar
• Schunk, D. (2008). A Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for multiple imputation in large surveys. AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis, 92(1), 101–114. doi:10.1007/s10182-008-0053-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, D. S., & Bell, R. Q. (1993). Developmental theories of parental contributors to antisocial behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21(5), 493–518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons, R. L., Lin, K.-H., Gordon, L. C., Brody, G. H., Murry, V., & Conger, R. D. (2002). Community differences in the association between parenting practices and child conduct problems. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(2), 331–345. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00331.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spruijt, E., & Kormos, H. (2014). Handboek scheiden en de kinderen [Handbook divorce and children]. Houten Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, The Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Stadelmann, S., Perren, S., Groeben, M., & von Klitzing, K. (2010). Parental separation and children’s behavioral/emotional problems: The impact of parental representations and family conflict. Family Process, 49(1), 92–108. doi:FAMP1310 [pii]. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2010.01310.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strohschein, L. (2005). Parental divorce and child mental health trajectories. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(5), 1286–1300. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00217.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturge-Apple, M. L., Davies, P. T., & Cummings, E. M. (2010). Typologies of family functioning and children’s adjustment during the early school years. Child Development, 81(4), 1320–1335. doi:CDEV1471 [pii]. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01471.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valeri, L., & Vander Weele, T. J. (2013). Mediation analysis allowing for exposure-mediator interactions and causal interpretation: Theoretical assumptions and implementation with SAS and SPSS macros. Psychological Methods, 18(2), 137–150. doi:2013-03476-001 [pii]. doi:10.1037/a0031034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vander Weele, T. J. (2014). A unification of mediation and interaction: A 4-way decomposition. Epidemiology, 25(5), 749–761. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weaver, J. M., & Schofield, T. J. (2015). Mediation and moderation of divorce effects on children’s behavior problems. Journal of Family Psychology : JFP : Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 29(1), 39–48. doi:2014-49425-001 [pii]. doi:10.1037/fam0000043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar