References
- Alang, S., McAlpine, D., McCreedy, E., & Hardeman, R. (2017). Police brutality and black health: Setting the agenda for public health scholars. American Journal of Public Health, 107(5), 662–665. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303691
- Ammar, N. H., Orloff, L. E., Dutton, M. A., & Hass, G. A. (2005). Calls to police and police response: A case study of Latina immigrant women in the USA. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 7(4), 230–244. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2005.7.4.230
- Archibald, P. C., Parker, L., & Thorpe, R. (2018). Criminal justice contact, stressors, and obesity-related health problems among Black adults in the USA. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 5(2), 387–397. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-017-0382-9
- Black, M., Basile, K., Breiding, M., Smith, S., Walters, M., Merrick, M., … Stevens, M. (2011). National intimate partner and sexual violence survey: 2010 summary report. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/nisvs_report2010-a.pdf.
- Bor, J., Venkataramani, A. S., Williams, D. R., & Tsai, A. C. (2018). Police killings and their spillover effects on the mental health of Black Americans: A population-based, quasi-experimental study. The Lancet, 392(10144), 302–310. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31130-9
- Calton, J. M., Cattaneo, L. B., & Gebhard, K. T. (2016). Barriers to help seeking for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer survivors of intimate partner violence. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 17(5), 585–600. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838015585318
- Campbell, J. C., Webster, D., Koziol-McLain, J., Block, C., Campbell, D., Curry, M. A., … Laughon, K. (2003). Risk factors for femicide in abusive relationships: Results from a multisite case control study. American Journal of Public Health, 93(7), 1089–1097. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.7.1089
- Capaldi, D. M., Knoble, N. B., Shortt, J. W., & Kim, H. K. (2012). A systematic review of risk factors for intimate partner violence. Partner Abuse, 3(2), 231–280. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.3.2.231
- Capaldi, D. M., Shortt, J. W., Kim, H. K., Wilson, J., Crosby, L., & Tucci, S. (2009). Official incidents of domestic violence: Types, injury, and associations with nonofficial couple aggression. Violence and Victims, 24(4), 502–519. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.24.4.502
- Carbone-Lopez, K. C. (2006). The ‘usual suspects’ how race affects decisions to report rape victimization. Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 3(4), 29–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J222v03n04_02
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Fast facts: Preventing intimate partner violence. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/intimatepartnerviolence/fastfact.html.
- Chen, Y., & Ullman, S. E. (2010). Women’s reporting of sexual and physical assaults to police in the National Violence Against Women Survey. Violence against Women, 16(3), 262–279. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801209360861
- Cho, H. (2012). Racial differences in the prevalence of intimate partner violence against women and associated factors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(2), 344–363. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260511416469
- Decker, M. R., Holliday, C. N., Hameeduddin, Z., Shah, R., Miller, J., Dantzler, J., & Goodmark, L. (2019). You do not think of me as a human being”: Race and gender inequities intersect to discourage police reporting of violence against women. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 96(5), 772–783. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-019-00359-z
- Decker, M. R., Pearson, E., Illangasekare, S. L., Clark, E., & Sherman, S. G. (2013). Violence against women in sex work and HIV risk implications differ qualitatively by perpetrator. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 876–810. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-876
- Dichter, M. E., & Gelles, R. J. (2012). Women’s perceptions of safety and risk following police intervention for intimate partner violence. Violence against Women, 18(1), 44–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801212437016
- Durose, M., & Langton, L. (2013). Requests for police assistance, 2011. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Statistics. https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/rpa11.pdf.
- Dutton, M. A., James, L., Langhorne, A., & Kelley, M. (2015). Coordinated public health initiatives to address violence against women and adolescents. Journal of Women’s Health (2002), 24(1), 80–85. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2014.4884
- Edwards, F., Esposito, M. H., & Lee, H. (2018). Risk of police-involved death by Race/ethnicity and place, United States, 2012–2018. American Journal of Public Health, 108(9), 1241–1248. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304559
- Fedina, L., Backes, B. L., Jun, H.-J., Shah, R., Nam, B., Link, B. G., & DeVylder, J. E. (2018). Police violence among women in four U.S. cities. Preventive Medicine, 106, 150–156. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.10.037
- Gingerich, D. W., & Oliveros, V. (2018). Police violence and the underreporting of crime. Economics & Politics, 30(1), 78–105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12102
- Graham, A., Haner, M., Sloan, M. M., Cullen, F. T., Kulig, T. C., & Jonson, C. L. (2020). Race and worrying about police brutality: The hidden injuries of minority status in America. Victims & Offenders, 15(5), 549–573. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2020.1767252
- Hanson, G. C., Messing, J. T., Anderson, J. C., Thaller, J., Perrin, N. A., & Glass, N. E. (2021). Patterns and usefulness of safety behaviors among community-based women survivors of intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(17-18), 8768–8791. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519853401
- Hass, G. A., Dutton, M. A., & Orloff, L. E. (2000). Lifetime prevalence of violence against Latina immigrants: Legal and policy implications. International Review of Victimology, 7(1-3), 93–113. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/026975800000700306
- Holliday, C. N., McCauley, H. L., Silverman, J. G., Ricci, E., Decker, M. R., Tancredi, D. J., … Miller, E. (2017). Racial/ethnic differences in women’s experiences of reproductive coercion, intimate partner violence, and unintended pregnancy. Journal of Women’s Health (2002), 26(8), 828–835. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2016.5996
- Holmes, S. C., Maxwell, C. D., Cattaneo, L. B., Bellucci, B. A., & Sullivan, T. P. (2021). Criminal Protection orders among women victims of intimate partner violence: Women’s experiences of court decisions, processes, and their willingness to engage with the system in the future. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 088626052110219. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211021965
- Huecker, M. R., King, K. C., Jordan, G. A., & Smock, W. (2022). Domestic Violence. StatPearls Publishing.
- Hyman, I., Forte, T., Du Mont, J., Romans, S., & Cohen, M. M. (2009). Help-seeking behavior for intimate partner violence among racial minority women in Canada. Women’s Health Issues: Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health, 19(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2008.10.002
- Kafka, J. M., Moracco, K. E., Williams, D. S., & Hoffman, C. G. (2021). What is the role of firearms in nonfatal intimate partner violence? Findings from civil protective order case data. Social Science & Medicine, 283, 114212. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114212
- Koppa, V., & Messing, J. T. (2021). Can justice system interventions prevent intimate partner homicide? An analysis of rates of help seeking prior to fatality. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(17-18), 8792–8816. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519851179
- Langton, L., Berzofsky, M., Krebs, C., & Smiley-McDonald, H. (2012). Special report- National Crime Victimization Survey: Victimizations not reported to police, 2006–2010. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/victimizations-not-reported-police-2006-2010.
- Lautenschlager, R., & Omori, M. (2019). Racial threat, social (dis) organization, and the ecology of police: Towards a macro-level understanding of police use-of-force in communities of color. Justice Quarterly, 36(6), 1050–1071. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2018.1480792
- Lewis, R. J., Milletich, R. J., Kelley, M. L., & Woody, A. (2012). Minority stress, substance use, and intimate partner violence among sexual minority women. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(3), 247–256. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.02.004
- Lipsky, S., Caetano, R., & Roy-Byrne, P. (2009). Racial and ethnic disparities in police-reported intimate partner violence and risk of hospitalization among women. Women’s Health Issues: Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health, 19(2), 109–118. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2008.09.005
- Logan, T. K., & Valente, R. (2015). Who will help me? Domestic violence survivors speak out about law enforcement responses (pp. 1–13). Washington, DC: National Domestic Violence Hotline. http://www.thehotline.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2015/09/NDVH-2015-Law-Enforcement-Survey-Report.pdf.
- Madon, N. S., Murphy, K., & Sargeant, E. (2017). Promoting police legitimacy among disengaged minority groups: Does procedural justice matter more? Criminology & Criminal Justice, 17(5), 624–642. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895817692849
- Marchetti, C. A. (2012). Regret and police reporting among individuals who have experienced sexual assault. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 18(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390311431889
- McCormack, P. D., & Hirschel, D. (2021). Race and the likelihood of intimate partner violence arrest and dual arrest. Race and Justice, 11(4), 434–453. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2153368718802352
- Messing, J. T., Campbell, J., Sullivan Wilson, J., Brown, S., & Patchell, B. (2017). The lethality screen: The predictive validity of an intimate partner violence risk assessment for use by first responders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(2), 205–226. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515585540
- Messinger, A. M., & Guadalupe-Diaz, X. L. (2020). Transgender Intimate Partner Violence: A comprehensive introduction. New York University Press.
- Montalvo‐Liendo, N. (2009). Cross‐cultural factors in disclosure of intimate partner violence: An integrated review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(1), 20–34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04850.x.
- National Archive of Criminal Justice Data. (2021). National Crime Victimization Survey, concatenated file, [United States] 1992-2020 [Dataset]. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR38136.v1.
- National Public Radio, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, & Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. (2017a). Discrimination in America: Experiences and views of African Americans. https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/reports/2017/rwjf441128.
- National Public Radio, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, & Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. (2017b). Discrimination in America: Experiences and views of Latinos. https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/surveys_and_polls/2017/rwjf441402.
- Niolon, P. H., Kearns, M., Dills, J., Rambo, K., Irving, S., Armstead, T., & Gilbert, L. (2017). Preventing intimate partner violence across the lifespan: A technical package of programs, policies, and practices (pp.1–59). Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/ipv-technicalpackages.pdf.
- Petrosky, E., Blair, J. M., Betz, C. J., Fowler, K. A., Jack, S. P., & Lyons, B. H. (2017). Racial and ethnic differences in homicides of adult women and the role of intimate partner violence—United States, 2003–2014. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 66(28), 741–746. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6628a1
- Podana, Z. (2010). Reporting to the police as a response to intimate partner violence. Sociologický Časopis/Czech Sociological Review, 46(3), 453–474. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41132867.
- Quinones, M. (2013). Factors that influence perception of racial profiling during police/motorist interactions [Dissertation, Texas State University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
- Reeves, E., & Meyer, S. (2021). Marginalized women, domestic and family violence reforms and their unintended consequences. In Oxford research encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.666.
- Reichel, D. (2017). Determinants of intimate partner violence in Europe: The role of socioeconomic status, inequality, and partner behavior. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(12), 1853–1873. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517698951
- Rizo, C. F., & Macy, R. J. (2011). Help-seeking and barriers of Hispanic partner violence survivors: A systematic review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(3), 250–264. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2011.03.004
- Satyen, L., Rogic, A. C., & Supol, M. (2019). Intimate partner violence and help-seeking behaviour: A systematic review of cross-cultural differences. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 21(4), 879–892. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-018-0803-9
- Sheridan, D. J., & Nash, K. R. (2007). Acute injury patterns of intimate partner violence victims. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 8(3), 281–289. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838007303504
- Sherman, S. G., Footer, K., Illangasekare, S., Clark, E., Pearson, E., & Decker, M. R. (2015). What makes you think you have special privileges because you are a police officer?” A qualitative exploration of police’s role in the risk environment of female sex workers. AIDS Care, 27(4), 473–480. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2014.970504
- Smith Stover, C. (2012). Police–advocacy partnerships in response to domestic violence. Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations, 12(2), 183–198. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15332586.2012.717031
- Srinivas, T., & DePrince, A. P. (2015). Links between the police response and women’s psychological outcomes following intimate partner violence. Violence and Victims, 30(1), 32–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00109
- Stockman, J. K., Hayashi, H., & Campbell, J. C. (2015). Intimate partner violence and its health impact on ethnic minority women. Journal of Women’s Health (2002), 24(1), 62–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2014.4879
- Sutter, M. E., Rabinovitch, A. E., Trujillo, M. A., Perrin, P. B., Goldberg, L. D., Coston, B. M., & Calton, J. M. (2019). Patterns of intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration among sexual minority women: A latent class analysis. Violence against Women, 25(5), 572–592. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801218794307
- Truman, J. L., & Morgan, R. E. (2016). Criminal victimization, 2015. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cv15.pdf.
- U.S. Department of Justice. (2019). Law enforcement best practices: Lessons learned from the field. Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. https://www.smart-policing.com/resources/law-enforcement-best-practices.
- Villegas, G., & Espinoza, L.Jr. (2017). Intimate partner violence: A border study of the RGV (pp. 377–407In L. Berry (Ed.), Scarborough, ME: National Association of Hispanic and Latino Studies. https://www.naaas.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/2016-spi-cameroon-monograph.pdf.
- Villegas, G. (2015). Intimate partner violence in South Texas (Rio Grande Valley): An exploratory study [Thesis, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
- Whiting, K., Liu, L., Koyuturuk, M., & Karakurt, G. (2016). Network map of adverse health effects among victims of intimate partner violence. Pacific Symposium Biocomputing, 22, 324–335.
- Wolf, M. E., Ly, U., Hobart, M. A., & Kernic, M. A. (2003). Barriers to seeking police help for intimate partner violence. Journal of Family Violence, 18(2), 121–129. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022893231951
- Xie, M., & Lynch, J. P. (2017). The effects of arrest, reporting to the police, and victim services on intimate partner violence. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 54(3), 338–378. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427816678035
- Zarza, M. J., & Adler, R. H. (2008). Latina immigrant victims of interpersonal violence in New Jersey: A needs assessment study. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 16(1), 22–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10926770801920453