Rapport: Little effect on children’s, adolescents’, and adults’ statement quantity, accuracy, and suggestibility

References

• Bjorklund, D. F., & Muir, J. E. (1988). Children’s development of free recall memory: Remembering on their own. Annals of Child Development, 5, 79–123.
   Google Scholar
• Brackmann, N., Sauerland, M., & Otgaar, H. (2018). Developmental trends in lineup performance: Adolescents are more prone to innocent bystander misidentifications than children and adults. Manuscript submitted for publication.
   Google Scholar
• Brackmann, N., Otgaar, H., Sauerland, M., & Howe, M. L. (2016). The impact of testing on the formation of children’s and adults’ false memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 30, 785–794. doi: 10.1002/acp.3254
   Google Scholar
• Brainerd, C. J., Reyna, V. F., & Ceci, S. J. (2008). Developmental reversals in false memory: A review of data and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 343–382. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.3.343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, D. A., Lamb, M. E., Lewis, C., Pipe, M.-E., Orbach, Y., & Wolfman, M. (2013). The NICHD investigative interview protocol: An analogue study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 19, 367–382. doi: 10.1037/a0035143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceci, S. J., & Bruck, M. (1993). Suggestibility of the child witness: a historical review and synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 403–439. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, K., Doherty-Sneddon, G., & Doherty, M. J. (2014). Practitioner perspectives on rapport building during child investigative interviews. Psychology, Crime & Law, 20, 884–901. doi: 10.1080/1068316X.2014.888428
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, R., Lincoln, R., & Frank, M. G. (2002). The effect of rapport in forensic interviewing. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 9(1), 69–78. doi: 10.1375/pplt.2002.9.1.69
   Google Scholar
• Davies, G. M., Westcott, H. L., & Horan, N. (2000). The impact of questioning style on the content of investigative interviews with suspected child sexual abuse victims. Psychology, Crime & Law, 6, 81–97. doi: 10.1080/10683160008410834
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, M. R., McMahon, M., & Greenwood, K. M. (2005). The efficacy of mnemonic components of the cognitive interview: Towards a shortened variant for time-critical investigations. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 19(1), 75–93. doi: 10.1002/acp.1048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derksen, F., Bensing, J., & Lagro-Janssen, A. (2013). Effectiveness of empathy in general practice: A systematic review. British Journal of General Practice, 63, e76–e84. doi: 10.3399/bjgp13X660814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191. doi: 10.3758/BF03193146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, R. P., & Geiselman, R. E. (1992). Memory-enhancing techniques for investigative interviewing: The Cognitive Interview. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald, R. J., & Price, H. L. (2015). Eyewitness identification across the life span: A meta-analysis of age differences. Psychological Bulletin, 141, 1228–1265. doi: 10.1037/bul0000013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuertes, J. N., Toporovsky, A., Reyes, M., & Osborne, J. B. (2017). The physician-patient working alliance: Theory, research, and future possibilities. Patient Education and Counseling, 100, 610–615. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.10.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner, M., & Steinberg, L. (2005). Peer influence on risk taking, risk preference, and risky decision making in adolescence and adulthood: An experimental study. Developmental Psychology, 41, 625–635. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.41.4.625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgopoulou, S., Prothero, L., & D’Cruz, D. P. (2018). Physician-patient communication in rheumatology: A systematic review. Rheumatology International, 38, 763–775. doi: 10.1007/s00296-018-4016-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman, G. S., & Reed, R. S. (1986). Age differences in eyewitness testimony. Law and Human Behavior, 10, 317–333. doi: 10.1007/BF01047344
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, C. L., & Van Leeuwen, S. A. (2004). Interviewing young children: Effects of probe structures and focus of rapport building talk on the qualities of young children’s eyewitness statements. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 36, 155–165. doi: 10.1037/h0087226
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O., Del Re, A. C., Fluckiger, C., & Symonds, D. (2011). Alliance in individual psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 48(1), 9–16. doi: 10.1037/a0022186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howe, M. L., & Brainerd, C. J. (1989). Development of children’s long-term retention. Developmental Review, 9, 301–340. doi: 10.1016/0273-2297(89)90032-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jack, F., Leov, J., & Zajac, R. (2014). Age-related differences in the free-recall accounts of child, adolescent, and adult witnesses. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28(1), 30–38. doi: 10.1002/acp.2951
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JASP Team. (2018). JASP (version 0.8.4) [computer software].
   Google Scholar
• Kieckhaefer, J. M., Vallano, J. P., & Compo, N. S. (2014). Examining the positive effects of rapport building: When and why does rapport building benefit adult eyewitness memory? Memory, 22, 1010–1023. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2013.864313
   Google Scholar
• Lamb, M. E., & Brown, D. (2006). Conversational apprentices: Helping children become competent informants about their own experiences. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 24(1), 215–234. doi: 10.1348/026151005X57657
   Google Scholar
• Lamb, M. E., Hershkowitz, I., Orbach, Y., & Esplin, P. W. (2008). Tell me what happened: structured investigative interviews of child victims and witnesses. Chichester, UK; Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Larsson, A. S., & Lamb, M. E. (2009). Making the most of information-gathering interviews with children. Infant and Child Development, 18(1), 1–16. doi: 10.1002/icd.573
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luciana, M., Conklin, H. M., Hooper, C. J., & Yarger, R. S. (2005). The development of nonverbal working memory and executive control processes in adolescents. Child Development, 76, 697–712. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00872.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCauley, M. R., & Fisher, R. P. (1995). Facilitating children’s eyewitness recall with the revised Cognitive Interview. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 510–516. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.80.4.510
   Google Scholar
• McGuire, K., London, K., & Wright, D. B. (2015). Developmental trends in false memory across adolescence and young adulthood: A comparison of DRM and memory conformity paradigms. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 29, 334–344. doi: 10.1002/acp.3114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Memon, A., Wark, L., Bull, R., & Köhnken, G. (1997). Isolating the effects of the Cognitive Interview techniques. British Journal of Psychology, 88, 179–197. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1997.tb02629.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nash, R. A., Nash, A., Morris, A., & Smith, S. L. (2016). Does rapport-building boost the eyewitness eyeclosure effect in closed questioning? Legal and Criminological Psychology, 21, 305–318. doi: 10.1111/lcrp.12073
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigg, J. T. (2000). On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental psychopathology: Views from cognitive and personality psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 220–246. doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.126.2.220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otgaar, H., Howe, M. L., Merckelbach, H., & Muris, P. (in press). Who is the better eyewitness? Adults and children. Current Directions in Psychological Science.
   Google Scholar
• Quas, J. A., Rush, E. B., Yim, I. S., Edelstein, R. S., Otgaar, H., & Smeets, T. (2016). Stress and emotional valence effects on children’s versus adolescents’ true and false memory. Memory, 24, 696–707. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2015.1045909
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, K. P., Lamb, M. E., & Sternberg, K. J. (2004). The effects of rapport building style on children’s reports of a staged event. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18, 189–202. doi: 10.1002/acp.957
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, D. T. (2015). Further validation of the learning alliance inventory: The roles of working alliance, rapport, and immediacy in student learning. Teaching of Psychology, 42(1), 19–25. doi: 10.1177/0098628314562673
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rush, E. B., Quas, J. A., Yim, I. S., Nikolayev, M., Clark, S. E., & Larson, R. P. (2014). Stress, interviewer support, and children’s eyewitness identification accuracy. Child Development, 85, 1292–1305. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saywitz, K. J., Larson, R. P., Hobbs, S. D., & Wells, C. R. (2015). Developing rapport with children in forensic interviews: systematic review of experimental research. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 33, 372–389. doi: 10.1002/bsl.2186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg, L., Albert, D., Cauffman, E., Banich, M., Graham, S., & Woolard, J. (2008). Age differences in sensation seeking and impulsivity as indexed by behavior and self-report: Evidence for a dual systems model. Developmental Psychology, 44, 1764–1778. doi: 10.1037/a0012955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sternberg, K. J., Lamb, M. E., Hershkowitz, I., Yudilevitch, L., Orbach, Y., Esplin, P. W., & Hovav, M. (1997). Effects of introductory style on children's abilities to describe experiences of sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 21, 1133–1146. doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00071-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teoh, Y. S., & Lamb, M. E. (2010). Preparing children for investigative interviews: Rapport building, instruction, and evaluation. Applied Developmental Science, 14, 154–163. doi: 10.1080/10888691.2010.494463
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallano, J. P., Evans, J. R., Schreiber Compo, N., & Kieckhaefer, J. M. (2015). Rapport building during witness and suspect interviews: A survey of law enforcement. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 29, 369–380. doi: 10.1002/acp.3115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallano, J. P., & Schreiber Compo, N. (2015). Rapport-building with cooperative witnesses and criminal suspects: A theoretical and empirical review. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 21, 85–99. doi: 10.1037/law0000035
   Google Scholar
• Vallano, J. P., & Schreiber Compo, N. (2011). A comfortable witness is a good witness: Rapport building and susceptibility to misinformation in an investigative mock-crime interview. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25, 960–970. doi: 10.1002/acp.1789
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Osch, M., van Dulmen, S., van Vliet, L., & Bensing, J. (2017). Specifying the effects of physician's communication on patients' outcomes: A randomised controlled trial. Patient Education and Counseling, 100, 1482–1489. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2017.03.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vrij, A., Hope, L., & Fisher, R. P. (2014). Eliciting reliable information in investigative interviews. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1(1), 129–136. doi: 10.1177/2372732214548592
   Google Scholar
• Walker, A. G. (1993). Questioning young children in court: A linguistic case study. Law and Human Behavior, 17(1), 59–81. doi: 10.1007/BF01044537
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, D. S., Nash, R. A., & Wade, K. A. (2015). Encouraging eyewitnesses to falsely corroborate allegations: Effects of rapport building and incriminating evidence. Psychology, Crime & Law, 21, 648–660. doi: 10.1080/1068316X.2015.1028543
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar