Issues Affecting HIV-Positive Women Who Attend Community Care Centers in Kerala, India: Practitioners’ Accounts of Stigma

REFERENCES

• Bachani, D. & Sogarwal, R. (2010). National response to HIV/AIDS in India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 35(4), 469–472.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bharat, S. (2011). A systematic review of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination in India: Current understanding and future needs. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS: An Open Access Journal, 8(3), 138–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom, S. & Griffiths, P. (2007). Female autonomy as a contributing factor to women's HIV related knowledge and behaviour in three culturally contrasting states in India. Journal of Biosocial Science, 39(4), 557–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Census India. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/indiaatglance.html
   Google Scholar
• DiCicco-Bloom, B. & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40(4), 314–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das, S. & Leibowitz, G. S. (2011). Mental health needs of people living with HIV/AIDS in India: A literature review. AIDS Care, 23(4), 417–425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elamon, J. (2005). A situational analysis of HIV/AIDS-related discrimination in Kerala, India. AIDS Care, 17(2), 141–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahendra, V. S. (2007). Understanding and measuring AIDS-related stigma in health care settings: A developing country perspective. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS: An Open Access Journal, 4(2), 616–625.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Majumdar, B. (2004). An exploration of socioeconomic, spiritual, and family support among HIV-positive women in India. The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 15(3), 37–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mawar, N., Sahay, S., Pandit, A. & Mahajan, U. (2005). The third phase of HIV pandemic: Social consequences of HIV/AIDS stigma & discrimination & future needs. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 122(6), 471–484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mignone, J., Washington, R. G., Ramesh, B. M. & Blanchard, J. F. (2007). Formal and informal sector health care providers in Southern India: Role in the prevention and care of sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care, 19(2), 152–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles, M., Gillespie, J. V. & Holditch-Davis, D. (2001). Physical and mental health in African American mothers with HIV. The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 12(4), 42–50.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NACO II and III. (2007–2012). Retrieved from http://www.nacoonline.org/upload/NACO%20PDF/HIV_Fact_Sheets_2006.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nyamathi, A. M., William, R. R., Ganguly, K. K., Sinha, S., Heravian, A., Albarrán, C. R., … Rao, P. R. (2010). Perceptions of women living with AIDS in rural India related to the engagement of HIV-trained accredited social health activists for care and support. Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services, 9(4), 385–404.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nyamathi, A. M., Sinha, S., Ganguly, K. K., William, R. R., Heravian, A., Ramakrishnan, P., … Rao, P. V. (2011). Challenges experienced by rural women in India living with AIDS and implications for the delivery of HIV/AIDS care. Health Care for Women International, 32(4), 300–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panditrao, M., Darak, S., Kulkarni, V., Kulkarni, S. & Parchure, R. (2011). Socio-demographic factors associated with loss to follow-up of HIV-infected women attending a private sector PMTCT program in Maharashtra, India. AIDS Care, 23(5), 593–600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahangdale, L., Banandur, P., Sreenivas, A., Turan, J. M., Washington, R. & Cohen, C. R. (2010). Stigma as experienced by women accessing prevention of parent-to-child transmission of HIV services in Karnataka, India. AIDS Care, 22(7), 836–842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sengupta, S., Banks, B., Jonas, D., Miles, M. S. & Smith, G. C. (2011). HIV interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma: A systematic review. AIDS & Behavior, 15(6), 1075–1087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon, S., Batavia, A., Venkatesh, K. K., Brown, L., Verma, P., Cecelia, A. J., Daly, C. … Mayer, K. H. (2009). A longitudinal quality-of-life study of HIV-infected persons in South India: The case for comprehensive clinical care and support services. AIDS Education & Prevention, 21(2), 104–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steward, W. T., Herek, G. M., Ramakrishna, J., Bharat, S., Chandy, S., Wrubel, J. & Ekstrand, M. L. (2008). HIV-related stigma: Adapting a theoretical framework for use in India. Social Science & Medicine, 67(8), 1225–1235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian, T., Gupte, M. D., Dorairaj, V. S., Periannan, V. & Mathai, A. K. (2009). Psycho-social impact and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS in South India. AIDS Care, 21(4), 473–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarakeshwar, N., Srikrishnan, A. K., Johnson, S., Vasu, C., Solomon, S., Merson, M. & Sikkema, K. (2007). A social cognitive model of health for HIV-positive adults receiving care in India. AIDS & Behavior, 11(3), 491–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, B. E., Rehman, F., Suryanarayanan, D. & Josephine, K. (2005). How stigmatizing is stigma in the life of people living with HIV: A study on HIV positive individuals from Chennai, South India. AIDS Care, 17(7), 795–801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNICEF. (2005–2010). Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/india_statistics.html#86
   Google Scholar
• Van Hollen, C. (2010). HIV/AIDS and the gendering of stigma in Tamil Nadu, South India. Culture, Medicine & Psychiatry, 34(4), 633–657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vyas, K. J. (2010). A comparison in HIV-associated stigma among healthcare workers in urban and rural Gujarat. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS: An Open Access Journal, 7(2), 71–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S. K. (2010). Violence & HIV/AIDS: Violence against women and girls as a cause and consequence of HIV/AIDS. Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 17(2), 313–332.
   Google Scholar