Trojan horse treatment based on PEG-coated extracellular vesicles to deliver doxorubicin to melanoma in vitro and in vivo

References

• Yuana Y, Sturk A, Nieuwland R. Extracellular vesicles in physiological and pathological conditions. Blood Rev. 2013;27(1):31–39. doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2012.12.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patras L, Fens MHAM, Vader P, Barendrecht A, Sesarman A, Banciu M, Schiffelers R. Normoxic tumour extracellular vesicles modulate the response of hypoxic cancer and stromal cells to doxorubicin in vitro. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(17):5951. doi: 10.3390/ijms21175951.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saber SH, Ali HEA, Gaballa R, Gaballah M, Ali HI, Zerfaoui M, Abd Elmageed ZY. Exosomes are the driving force in preparing the soil for the metastatic seeds: lessons from the prostate cancer. Cells. 2020;9(3):564. doi: 10.3390/cells9030564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patras L, Banciu M. Intercellular crosstalk via extracellular vesicles in tumor milieu as emerging therapies for cancer progression. Curr Pharm Des. 2019;25(17):1980–2006. doi: 10.2174/1381612825666190701143845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinbichler TB, Dudás J, Skvortsov S, Ganswindt U, Riechelmann H, Skvortsova -I-I. Therapy resistance mediated by exosomes. Mol Cancer. 2019;18(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12943-019-0970-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Q, Wang H, Yan Y, Liu Y, Su C, Chen H, Yan Y, Adhikari R, Wu Q, Zhang J, et al. The role of exosomal microRNA in cancer drug resistance. Front Oncol. 2020;10. doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.00472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteside TL. Tumor-derived exosomes and their role in cancer progression. Adv Clin Chem. 2016;74:103–141. doi: 10.1016/bs.acc.2015.12.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandari SK, Purushothaman A, Ramani VC, Brinkley GJ, Chandrashekar DS, Varambally S, Mobley JA, Zhang Y, Brown EE, Vlodavsky I, et al. Chemotherapy induces secretion of exosomes loaded with heparanase that degrades extracellular matrix and impacts tumor and host cell behavior. Matrix Biol. 2018;65(2018):104–118. DOI:10.1016/j.matbio.2017.09.001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olejarz W, Dominiak A, Żołnierzak A, Kubiak-Tomaszewska G, Lorenc T. Tumor-derived exosomes in immunosuppression and immunotherapy. J Immunol Res. 2020;2020:1–11. doi: 10.1155/2020/6272498.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peinado H, Alečković M, Lavotshkin S, Matei I, Costa-Silva B, Moreno-Bueno G, Hergueta-Redondo M, Williams C, García-Santos G, Ghajar CM, et al. Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET. Nat Med. 2012;18(6):883–891. DOI:10.1038/nm.2753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues G, Hoshino A, Kenific CM, Matei IR, Steiner L, Freitas D, Kim HS, Oxley PR, Scandariato I, Casanova-Salas I, et al. Tumour exosomal CEMIP protein promotes cancer cell colonization in brain metastasis. Nat Cell Biol. 2019;21(11):1403–1412. DOI:10.1038/s41556-019-0404-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vader P, Breakefield XO, Wood MJA. Extracellular vesicles: emerging targets for cancer therapy. Trends Mol Med. 2014;20(7):385–393. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.03.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson MC, Azorsa DO. The genomic and proteomic content of cancer cell-derived exosomes. Front Oncol. 2012;2. doi:10.3389/fonc.2012.00038.
   Google Scholar
• Simona F, Laura S, Simona T, Riccardo A. Contribution of proteomics to understanding the role of tumor-derived exosomes in cancer progression: state of the art and new perspectives. PROTEOMICS. 2013;13(10–11):1581–1594. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201200398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth T, Kullberg M, Malik N, Smith-Jones P, Graner MW, Anchordoquy TJ. Biodistribution and delivery efficiency of unmodified tumor-derived exosomes. J Controlled Release. 2015;199:145–155. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tkach M, Théry C. Communication by extracellular vesicles: where we are and where we need to go. Cell. 2016;164(6):1226–1232. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotmakçı M, Bozok Çetintaş V. Extracellular vesicles as natural nanosized delivery systems for small-molecule drugs and genetic material: steps towards the future nanomedicines. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015;18(3):396. doi: 10.18433/j36w3x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kooijmans SAA, Fliervoet LAL, van der Meel R, Fens MHAM, Heijnen HFG, van Bergen En Henegouwen P.M.P., Vader P, Schiffelers RM. PEGylated and targeted extracellular vesicles display enhanced cell specificity and circulation time. J Controlled Release. 2016;224: 7PMP7–85. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barenholz Y. Doxil®–the first FDA-approved nano-drug: lessons learned. J Control Release Off J Control Release Soc. 2012;160(2):117–134. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sercombe L, Veerati T, Moheimani F, Wu SY, Sood AK, Hua S. A dvances and challenges of liposome assisted drug delivery. Front Pharmacol. 2015;6:286. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsharkasy OM, Nordin JZ, Hagey DW, de Jong OG, Schiffelers RM, Andaloussi SE, Vader P. Extracellular vesicles as drug delivery systems: why and how? Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2020;159:332–343. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haney MJ, Klyachko NL, Zhao Y, Gupta R, Plotnikova EG, He Z, Patel T, Piroyan A, Sokolsky M, Kabanov AV, et al. Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for Parkinson’s disease therapy. J Controlled Release. 2015;207:18–30. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Chen Y, Zhang F, Zhao Q, Zhong H. Increased anti-tumour activity by exosomes derived from doxorubicin-treated tumour cells via heat stress. Int J Hyperthermia. 2015;31(5):498–506. doi: 10.3109/02656736.2015.1036384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian Y, Li S, Song J, Ji T, Zhu M, Anderson GJ, Wei J, Nie G. A doxorubicin delivery platform using engineered natural membrane vesicle exosomes for targeted tumor therapy. Biomaterials. 2014;35(7):2383–2390. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun D, Zhuang X, Xiang X, Liu Y, Zhang S, Liu C, Barnes S, Grizzle W, Miller D, Zhang H-G, et al. A novel nanoparticle drug delivery system: the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is enhanced when encapsulated in exosomes. Mol Ther. 2010;18(9):1606–1614. DOI:10.1038/mt.2010.105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang E, Wang X, Gong Z, Yu M, Wu H, Zhang D. Exosome-mediated metabolic reprogramming: the emerging role in tumor microenvironment remodeling and its influence on cancer progression. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5(1):1–13. doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-00359-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Dombroski JA, King MR. Engineering of exosomes to target cancer metastasis. Cell Mol Bioeng. 2019;13(1):1–16. doi: 10.1007/s12195-019-00607-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Zhang Y, Cai G, Li Q. Exosomes as actively targeted nanocarriers for cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020;15:4257–4273. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S239548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thangaraju K, Neerukonda SN, Katneni U, Buehler PW. Extracellular vesicles from red blood cells and their evolving roles in health, coagulopathy and therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;22(1):153. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu C-MJ, Zhang L, Aryal S, Cheung C, Fang RH, Zhang L. Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged polymeric nanoparticles as a biomimetic delivery platform. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2011;108(27):10980–10985. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1106634108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Möller A, Lobb RJ. The evolving translational potential of small extracellular vesicles in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2020;20(12):697–709. doi: 10.1038/s41568-020-00299-w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Théry C, Witwer KW, Aikawa E, Alcaraz MJ, Anderson JD, Andriantsitohaina R, Antoniou A, Arab T, Archer F, Atkin-Smith GK, et al. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the international society for extracellular vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines. J Extracell Vesicles. 2018;7(1):1535750. DOI:10.1080/20013078.2018.1535750.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EL Andaloussi S, Mäger I, Breakefield XO, Wood, MJA. Extracellular vesicles: biology and emerging therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013;12(5):347–357. doi: 10.1038/nrd3978.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lötvall J, Hill AF, Hochberg F, Buzás EI, Di Vizio D, Gardiner C, Gho YS, Kurochkin IV, Mathivanan S, Quesenberry P, et al. Minimal experimental requirements for definition of extracellular vesicles and their functions: a position statement from the international society for extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles. 2014;3(1):26913. DOI:10.3402/jev.v3.26913.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mulcahy LA, Pink RC, Carter DRF. Routes and mechanisms of extracellular vesicle uptake. J Extracell Vesicles. 2014;3(1):24641. doi: 10.3402/jev.v3.24641.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feng D, Zhao W-L, Ye -Y-Y, Bai X-C, Liu R-Q, Chang L-F, Zhou Q, Sui S-F. Cellular internalization of exosomes occurs through phagocytosis. Traffic. 2010;11(5):675–687. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2010.01041.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar Khanna V. 2012. Targeted delivery of nanomedicines. ISRN Pharmacol. 2012:571394. doi: 10.5402/2012/571394.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sutaria DS, Badawi M, Phelps MA, Schmittgen TD. Achieving the promise of therapeutic extracellular vesicles: the devil is in details of therapeutic loading. Pharm Res.2017;34(5):1053–1066. doi: 10.1007/s11095-017-2123-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smylie MG, Wong R, Mihalcioiu C, Lee C, Pouliot J-F. A phase II, open label, monotherapy study of liposomal doxorubicin in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Invest New Drugs. 2007;25(2):155–159. doi: 10.1007/s10637-006-9002-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ugurel M, Schadendorf D, Fink W, Zimpfer-Rechner C, Thoelke A, Figl R, Kaatz M. Clinical phase II study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin as second-line treatment in disseminated melanoma. Oncol Res Treat. 2004;27(6):540–544. doi: 10.1159/000081335.
   Google Scholar
• Xing M, Yan F, Yu S, Shen P, Lee JW. Efficacy and cardiotoxicity of liposomal doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer: a meta-analysis of ten randomized controlled trials. PloS One. 2015;10(7):e0133569. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai RC, Yeo RWY, Tan KH, Lim SK. Exosomes for drug delivery - a novel application for the mesenchymal stem cell. Biotechnol Adv. 2013;31(5):543–551. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.08.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedikter BJ, Bouwman FG, Vajen T, Heinzmann ACA, Grauls G, Mariman EC, Wouters EFM, Savelkoul PH, Lopez-Iglesias C, Koenen RR, et al. Ultrafiltration combined with size exclusion chromatography efficiently isolates extracellular vesicles from cell culture media for compositional and functional studies. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):15297. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15717-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gámez-Valero A, Monguió-Tortajada M, Carreras-Planella L, Franquesa M, Beyer K, Borràs FE. Size-exclusion chromatography-based isolation minimally alters extracellular vesicles’ characteristics compared to precipitating agents. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):33641. doi: 10.1038/srep33641.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Imai T, Takahashi Y, Nishikawa M, Kato K, Morishita M, Yamashita T, Matsumoto A., Charoenviriyakul C, Takakura Y. Macrophage-dependent clearance of systemically administered B16BL6-derived exosomes from the blood circulation in mice. J Extracell Vesicles. 2015;4(1):26238. doi: 10.3402/jev.v4.26238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng B, Wang Z, Song J, Xiao Y, Chen D, Huang J. Analysis of doxorubicin uptake in single human leukemia K562 cells using capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011;401(7):2143–2152.doi: 10.1007/s00216-011-5315-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu L, Dong D, Yu Z-L, Zhao Y-F, Pang D-W, Zhang Z-L. Folate-engineered microvesicles for enhanced target and synergistic therapy toward breast cancer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017;9(6):5100–5108. doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b14633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang L, Luirink J, Kooijmans SAA, van Kessel, KPM, Jong, W, van Essen, M, Seinen, CW, de Maat, S, de Jong , OG, Gitz-François, JFF, et al. A post-insertion strategy for surface functionalization of bacterial and mammalian cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta BBA - Gen Subj. 2020;1865(4): doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schindler C, Collinson A, Matthews C, Pointon A, Jenkinson L, Minter RR, Vaughan TJ, Tigue NJ. Exosomal delivery of doxorubicin enables rapid cell entry and enhanced in vitro potency. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(3):e0214545. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKelvey KJ, Powell KL, Ashton AW, Morris JM, McCracken SA. Exosomes: mechanisms of Uptake. J Circ Biomark. 2015;4:7. doi: 10.5772/61186.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soekmadji C, Li B, Huang Y, Wang H, An T, Liu C, Pan W, Chen J, Cheung L, Falcon‐Perez JM, et al. The future of extracellular vesicles as theranostics - an ISEV meeting report. J Extracell Vesicles. 2020;9(1):1809766. doi:10.1080/20013078.2020.1809766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mii S, Enomoto A, Shiraki Y, Taki T, Murakumo Y, Takahashi M. CD109: a multifunctional GPI-anchored protein with key roles in tumor progression and physiological homeostasis. Pathol Int. 2019;69(5):249–259. doi: 10.1111/pin.12798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujita M, Takada YK, Takada Y. Integrins αvβ3 and α4β1 act as coreceptors for fractalkine, and the integrin-binding defective mutant of fractalkine is an antagonist of CX3CR1. J Immunol Baltim Md 1950. 2012;189(12):5809–5819. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200889.
   Google Scholar
• Hoshino A, Costa-Silva B, Shen T-L, Rodrigues G, Hashimoto A, Tesic Mark M, Molina H, Kohsaka S, Di Giannatale A, Ceder S, et al. Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis. Nature. 2015;527(7578):329–335. DOI:10.1038/nature15756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risha Y, Minic Z, Ghobadloo SM, Berezovski MV. The proteomic analysis of breast cell line exosomes reveals disease patterns and potential biomarkers. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):13572. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70393-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson CM, Naves T, Vincent F, Melloni B, Bonnaud F, Lalloué F, Jauberteau M-O. Sortilin mediates the release and transfer of exosomes in concert with two tyrosine kinase receptors. J Cell Sci. 2014;127(Pt 18):3983–3997. doi: 10.1242/jcs.149336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomihari M, Chung J-S, Akiyoshi H, Cruz PD, Ariizumi K. DC-HIL/glycoprotein Nmb promotes growth of melanoma in mice by inhibiting the activation of tumor-reactive T cells. Cancer Res. 2010;70(14):5778–5787. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-2538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maric G, Rose AA, Annis MG, Siegel PM. Glycoprotein non-metastatic b (GPNMB): a metastatic mediator and emerging therapeutic target in cancer. OncoTargets Ther. 2013;6:839–852. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S44906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rehman M, Gurrapu S, Cagnoni G, Capparuccia L, Tamagnone L. PlexinD1 is a novel transcriptional target and effector of notch signaling in cancer cells. PloS One. 2016;11(10):e0164660. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng H, Zhou Z, Yang W, Lin L-S, Wang S, Niu G, Song J, Chen X. Endoplasmic reticulum targeting to amplify immunogenic cell death for cancer immunotherapy. Nano Lett. 2020;20(3):1928–1933. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabizon A, Papahadjopoulos D. Liposome formulations with prolonged circulation time in blood and enhanced uptake by tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988;85(18):6949–6953. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.18.6949.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licarete E, Rauca VF, Luput L, Drotar D, Stejerean I, Patras L, Dume B, Toma VA, Porfire A, Gherman C, et al. Overcoming intrinsic doxorubicin resistance in melanoma by anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic effects of liposomal prednisolone phosphate on tumor microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(8):2968. DOI:10.3390/ijms21082968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castells M, Thibault B, Delord JP, Couderc B. 2012. Implication of tumor microenvironment in chemoresistance: tumor-associated stromal cells protect tumor cells from cell death . Int J Mol Sci. 13(8): 9645–9571 . doi:10.3390/ijms13089545.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez L, Yi Y, Yu Y. Effect of partial PEGylation on particle uptake by macrophages. Nanoscale. 2017. 9(1):288–297. doi: 10.1039/c6nr07353k.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush JA, Li G. The role of Bcl-2 family members in the progression of cutaneous melanoma. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2003;20(6):531–539. doi: 10.1023/A:1025874502181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberle J, Hossini AM. Expression and function of Bcl-2 proteins in Melanoma. Curr Genomics. 2008;9(6):409–419. doi: 10.2174/138920208785699571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trisciuoglio D, Tupone MG, Desideri M, Di Martile M, Gabellini C, Buglioni S, Pallocca M, Alessandrini G, D’Aguanno S, Del Bufalo D, et al. BCL-XL overexpression promotes tumor progression-associated properties article. Cell Death Dis. 2017;8(12): doi:10.1038/s41419-017-0055-y.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kashani-Sabet M, Shaikh L, Miller JR, Nosrati, M, Ferreira, CMM, Debs, RJ, Sagebiel, RW, et al. NF-kappa B in the vascular progression of melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(4):617–623. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2004.06.047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueda Y, Richmond A. NF-κB activation in melanoma. Pigment Cell Res. 2006;19(2):112–124. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2006.00304.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Madonna G, Ullman CD, Gentilcore G, Palmieri G, Ascierto PA. NF-κB as potential target in the treatment of melanoma. J Transl Med. 2012;10(1):53. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crivelli B, Chlapanidas T, Perteghella S, Lucarelli E, Pascucci L, Brini AT, Ferrero I, Marazzi M, Pessina A, Torre ML, et al. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell extracellular vesicles: from active principle to next generation drug delivery system. J Control Release Off J Control Release Soc. 2017;262:104–117. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rankin-Turner S, Vader P, O’Driscoll L, Giebel B, Heaney LM, Davies OG. A call for the standardised reporting of factors affecting the exogenous loading of extracellular vesicles with therapeutic cargos. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;173:479–491. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitrus I, Bryndza E, Kazura M, Smagur A, Sochanik A, Cichon T, Szala S. Properties of B16-F10 murine melanoma cells subjected to metabolic stress conditions. Acta Biochim Pol. 2012;59(3):363–366. doi:10.18388/abp.2012_2122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Jong OG, Verhaar MC, Chen Y, Vader P, Gremmels H, Posthuma G, Schiffelers RM, Gucek M, van Balkom BWM. Cellular stress conditions are reflected in the protein and RNA content of endothelial cell-derived exosomes. J Extracell Vesicles. 2012;1(1):18396. doi: 10.3402/jev.v1i0.18396.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shevchenko A, Tomas H, Havlis J, Olsen JV, Mann M. In-gel digestion for mass spectrometric characterization of proteins and proteomes. Nat Protoc. 2006;1(6):2856–2860. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2006.468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiritoiu GN, Jandus C, Munteanu CVA, Ghenea S, Gannon PO, Romero P, Petrescu SM. Epitope located N-glycans impair the MHC-I epitope generation and presentation. Electrophoresis. 2016;37(11):1448–1460. doi: 10.1002/elps.201500449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savojardo C, Martelli PL, Fariselli P, Profiti G, Casadio R. BUSCA: an integrative web server to predict subcellular localization of proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;46(W1):W459–W466. doi: 10.1093/narA/gky320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pathan M, Keerthikumar S, Chisanga D, Alessandro R, Ang C-S, Askenase P, Batagov, AO, Benito-Martin , A, Camussi, G, and Clayton, A, et al. A novel community driven software for functional enrichment analysis of extracellular vesicles data. J Extracell Vesicles. 2017;6(1):1321455. DOI:10.1080/20013078.2017.1321455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jassal B, Matthews L, Viteri G, Gong, C, Lorente P, Fabregat A., Sidiropoulos K, Cook J, Gillespie M, Haw R, et al. The reactome pathway knowledgebase. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48(D1):D498–D503. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkz1031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orchard S, Ammari M, Aranda B, Breuza L, Briganti L, Broackes-Carter F, Campbell NH, Chavali G, Chen C, del Toro N, et al. The MIntAct project—IntAct as a common curation platform for 11 molecular interaction databases. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014;42(6):D358–363. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkt1115.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakamura K, Yamashita K, Itoh Y, Yoshino K, Nozawa S, Kasukawa H. Comparative studies of polyethylene glycol-modified liposomes prepared using different PEG-modification methods. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012;1818(11):2801–2807. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.06.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nosova AS, Koloskova OO, Nikonova AA, Simonova V A., Smirnov VV, Kudlay D, Khaitov MR. Diversity of PEGylation methods of liposomes and their influence on RNA delivery. MedChemComm. 2019;10(3):369–377. doi: 10.1039/c8md00515j.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li WM, Xue L, Mayer LD, Bally MB. Intermembrane transfer of polyethylene glycol-modified phosphatidylethanolamine as a means to reveal surface-associated binding ligands on liposomes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001;1513(2):193–206. doi: 10.1016/s0005-2736(01)00351-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim CY, Owens NA, Wampler RD, Ying Y, Granger JH, Porter MD, Takahashi M, Shimazu K. Succinimidyl ester surface chemistry: implications of the competition between aminolysis and hydrolysis on covalent protein immobilization. Langmuir ACS J Surf Colloids. 2014;30(43):12868–12878. doi: 10.1021/la503439g.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bligh EG, Dyer WJ. 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol. 37(8):911–917. doi: 10.1139/o59-099.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rouser G, Fkeischer S, Yamamoto A. Two dimensional thin layer chromatographic separation of polar lipids and determination of phospholipids by phosphorus analysis of spots. Lipids. 1970;5(5):494–496. doi: 10.1007/BF02531316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauca V-F, Licarete E, Luput L, Sesarman A, Patras L, Bulzu P, Rakosy-Tican E, Banciu M. Combination therapy of simvastatin and 5, 6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid synergistically suppresses the aggressiveness of B16.F10 melanoma cells. PloS One. 2018;13(8):e0202827. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haase-Kohn C, Wolf S, Herwig N, Mosch B, Pietzsch J. Metastatic potential of B16-F10 melanoma cells is enhanced by extracellular S100A4 derived from RAW264.7 macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014;446(1):143–148. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banciu M, Schiffelers RM, Storm G. Investigation into the role of tumor-associated macrophages in the antitumor activity of Doxil. Pharm Res. 2008;25(8):1948–1955. doi: 10.1007/s11095-008-9629-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gornall AG, Bardawill CJ, David MM. Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. J Biol Chem. 1949;177(2):751–766. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)57021-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar