441
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Analysis of Head Impacts Causing Neck Compression Injury

&
Pages 144-152 | Received 22 Sep 2007, Accepted 05 Jan 2008, Published online: 08 Apr 2008

REFERENCES

  • Alem , N M , Nusholtz , G S and Melvin , J W . . Head and Neck Response to Axial Impact . 28th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE 841667 . Warrendale, PA.
  • Bahling , G S , Bundorf , R T , Kaspzyk , G S , Moffatt , E A , Orlowski , K F and Stocke , J E . . Rollovers and Drop Tests—The Influence of Roof Strength on Injury Mechanics Using Belted Dummies . SAE 902314, 34th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers . Warrendale, PA. pp. 101 – 112 .
  • Bishop , P J and Wells , R . 1986 . The Hybrid III Anthropometric Neck in the Evaluation of Head First Collisions , Warrendale, PA : Society of Automotive Engineers . PT-44, SAE 860201, Warrendale PA
  • CFIR Submission #2 to NPRM Roof Crush Docket 2005-22143, Subject: Injury Criteria for the Dynamic Evaluation of Rollover Occupant Protection, November 21, 2005
  • Culver , R H , Bender , M and Melvin , J W . May 1978 . Mechanisms, Tolerances and Responses Obtained Under Dynamic Superior-Inferior Head Impact May , Final Report UM-HRSI-78-21
  • Friedman , D and Nash , C . . Reducing Rollover Occupant Injuries: How and How Soon . 19th International Technical Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicle Conference . June , 05-0417-W
  • Friedman , D , Nash , C E and Bish , J . . Observations from Repeatable Dynamic Rollover Tests . ICrash Conference . Greece.
  • Hodgson , V R and Thomas , L M . . Mechanisms of Cervical Spine Injury During Impact to the Protected Head . 24th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers . Warrendale, PA. SAE 801300
  • Hodgson , V R and Thomas , L M . July 1983 . “ The Biomechanics of Neck Injury from Direct Impact to the Head, Experimental Findings ” . In Head and Neck Injury Criteria: A Consensus Workshop , July , 110 – 120 . US Department of Transportation . DOT HS 806 434
  • James , M B , Nordhagen , R P , Schneider , D C and Koh , S W . 2007 . Occupant Injury in Rollover Crashes: A Reexamination of Malibu II , Warrendale, PA : Society of Automotive Engineers . SAE-2007-01-0369
  • Jarrod , W , Carter , J W , Ku , G S , Nuckley , D J and Ching , R P . . Tolerance of the Cervical Spine to Eccentric Axial Compression . 46th Stapp Car Crash Conference, the Stapp Association . Ann Arbor, MI. SAE 2002-22-0022
  • King , A I and Viano , D C . 1995 . “ Mechanics of Head and Neck ” . In The Biomedical Engineering Handbook , Edited by: Bronzino , J. D. 357 – 368 . Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Inc. and IEEE Press . Chapter 25
  • Kleinberger , M , Sun , E , Eppinger , R , Kuppa , S and Saul , R . September 1998 . Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems September , NHTSA Docket No 1998-4405-9
  • McElhaney , J H , Hopper , R H Jr , Nightingale , R W and Myers , B S . 1995 . Mechanisms of Basilar Skull Fracture . J. Neurotrauma , Vol. 12 ( 4 ) : 669 – 678 .
  • McElhaney , J , Snyder , R G , States , J D and Gabrielsen , M A . 1979 . “ Biomechanical Analysis of Swimming Pool Injuries ” . In Neck-Anatomy, Injury Mechanisms and Biomechanics , Warrendale, PA : Society of Automotive Engineers . SAE SP-438, SAE 790137
  • Mertz , H J , Hodgson , V R , Thomas , L M and Nyquist , G W . 1978 . An Assessment of Compressive Neck Loads Under Injury Producing Conditions . Physician Sportsmedicine , Vol. 6 ( 11 ) : 95 – 106 .
  • Mertz , H J , Irwin , A L , Melvin , J W , Stalnaker , R L and Beebe , M S . 1989 . Size, Weight and Biomechanical Impact Response Requirements for Adult Size Small Female and Large Male Dummies , Warrendale, PA : Society of Automotive Engineers . SAE 890756
  • Mertz , H J , Irwin , A L and Prasad , P . 2003 . Biomechanical and Scaling Bases for Frontal and Side Impact Injury Assessment Reference Values, SAE 2003-22-0009 . Stapp Car Crash Journal , Vol. 47 : 155 – 188 .
  • Mertz , H J and Patrick , L M . . Strength and Response of the Human Neck . 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers . Warrendale, PA. SAE 710855
  • Myers , B S , McElhaney , J H , Richardson , W J , Nightingale , R W and Doherty , B J . . The Influence of End Condition on Human Cervical Spine Injury Mechanisms . SAE 912915, 35th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers . Warrendale, PA.
  • Myers , B S and Nightingale , R . 1999 . Review: The Dynamics of Near Vertex Head Impact and Its Role in Injury Prevention and the Complex Clinical Presentation of Basicranial and Cervical Spine Injury . J. Crash Prevention And Injury Control , Vol. 1 ( 1 ) : 67 – 82 .
  • Nash , C E and Friedman , D . . A Rollover Human Dummy Head/Neck Injury Criteria . 20th Enhanced Vehicle Safety (ESV) Conference, National Highway Safety Administration . Lyon, France. June , Paper #07-0357
  • Nightingale , R W , McElhaney , J H , Camacho , D L , Kleinberger , M , Winkelstein , B A and Myers , B S . . The Dynamic Responses of the Cervical Spine: Buckling, End Conditions, and Tolerance in Compression Impacts . 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers . Warrendale, PA. pp. 451 – 471 . SAE 973344
  • Nightingale , R W , McElhaney , J H , Richardson , W J , Best , T M and Myers , B S . 1996 . Experimentalimpact Injury to the Cervical Spine: Relating Motion of the Head and the Mechanism of Injury . J. Bone Joint Surg Am. , Vol. 78 ( 3 ) : 412 – 421 .
  • Nightingale , R W , McElhaney , J H , Richardson , W J and Myers , B S . 1996 . Dynamic Responses of the Head and Cervical Spine to Axial Impact Loading . J. Biomech , Vol. 29 ( 3 ) : 307 – 318 .
  • Nightingale , R W , Meyers , B S , McElhaney , J , Richardson , W J and Doherty , B J . . The Influence of End Condition of Human Cervical Spine Injury Mechanisms . SAE 912915, Society of Automotive Engineers . Warrendale, PA.
  • Nuckley , D J , Hertsted , S M , Ku , G S , Eck , M P and Ching , R P . . Compressive Tolerance of the Maturing Cervical spine . 46th Stapp Car Crash Conference, 2002-22-0021, the Stapp Association . Ann Arbor, MI.
  • Nusholtz , G S , Huelke , D E , Lux , P , Alem , N M and Montalvo , F . . Cervical Spine Injury Mechanisms . SAE 831616, 27th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers . Warrendale, PA.
  • Nusholtz , G S , Melvin , J W , Huelke , D F , Alem , N M and Blank , J G . . Response of the Cervical Spine to Superior-Inferior Head Impacts . SAE 81005, 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers . Warrendale, PA. pp. 197 – 237 .
  • Pintar , F A , Sances , A , Yoganandan , N Reinartz , J . . Biodynamics of the Total Human Cadaveric Cervical Spine . SAE 902309, 34th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers . Warrendale, PA.
  • Pintar , F A , Yoganandan , N , Voo , L , Cusick , J F , Maiman , D J and Sances , A . . Dynamic Characteristics of the Human Cervical Spine . SAE 952722, 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers . Warrendale, PA.
  • Apr 1980 . Human Tolerance to Impact Conditions as Related to Motor Vehicle Design , Apr , Warrendale, PA : Society of Automotive Engineers . SAE J855
  • Sances , A , Yoganandan , N , Maiman , D , Myklebust , J B , Chilbert , M , Larson , S J , Pech , P , Pintar , F and Myers , T . 1986 . “ Spinal Injuries with Vertical Impact ” . In Mechanisms of Head and Spine Trauma , Edited by: Sances , A. Thomas , D. 717 – 736 . Goshen, NY : Aloray Publishers .
  • Sances , A Jr , Myklebust , J , Cusick , J F , Weber , R , Houterman , C , Larson , S J , Walsh , P , Chilbert , M , Prieto , T , Zyvoloski , M , Ewing , C and Thomas , D . . Experimental Studies of Brain and Neck Injury . Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers . Warrendale, PA. SAE 811032
  • Shea , M , Wittenberg , R H , Edwards , W T , White , A A 3rd and Hayes , W C . 1992 . In Vitro Hyperextension Injuries in the Human Cadaveric Cervical Spine . J. Orthop Res. , Vol. 10 ( 6 ) : 911 – 916 .
  • Xprts. LLC Submission #1 to NPRM Roof Crush Docket 2005-22143, Subject: Evaluation of Dynamic Criteria for Rollover Occupant Protection, November 21, 2005
  • Yoganandan , N , Pintar , F A , Maiman , D J , Cusick , J F , Sances , A Jr and Walsh , P R . 1996 . Human Head-Neck Biomechanics Under Axial Tension . Med Eng Phys. , Vol. 18 ( 4 ) : 289 – 294 .
  • Yoganandan , N , Pintar , F A , Sances , A Jr and Maiman , D J . 1991 . Strength and kinematic response of dynamic cervical spine injuries . Spine , Vol. 16 ( 10S ) : 511 – 517 .
  • Yoganandan , N , Sances , A , Maiman , D , Myklebust , J B , Pech , P and Larson , S J . 1986 . Experimental Spinal Injuries with Vertical Impact . Spine , Vol. 11 ( 9 ) : 855 – 860 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.