160
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Evaluation of the Head Kinematics of the Q3 Model and a Modified Q3 Model by Means of Crash Reconstruction

, &
Pages 600-611 | Received 16 Dec 2011, Accepted 12 Mar 2012, Published online: 08 Nov 2012

REFERENCES

  • Albertsson-Wikland , K , Luo , Z C , Niklasson , A and Karlberg , J . 2002 . Swedish population-based longitudinal reference values from birth to 18 years of age for height, weight and head circumference . Acta Paediatr. , 91 : 739 – 754 .
  • Altair Engineering . 2006 . HyperStudy User's Manual Version 8.0. Troy, MA, Altair Engineering Inc
  • Arbogast , K B , Cornejo , R , Kallan , M J , Winston , F K and Durbin , D R . 2002 . Injuries to children in forward facing child restraints . Paper read at: Annual Meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine; September 29–October 2 Tempe, Ariz
  • Ash , J , Crandall , J , Parent , D , Sherwood , C and Arbogast , K . Reconstruction of a real world crash involving a child using Hybrid III 10-year-old and 5th percentile adult female ATDs . Paper read at: 21st Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference; June 15–18 , Stuttgart , Germany
  • Bilston , L , Yuen , M and Brown , J . 2007 . Reconstruction of crashes involving injured child occupants: the risk of serious injuries associated with sub-optimal restraint use may be reduced by better controlling occupant kinematics . Traffic Inj Prev. , 8 : 47 – 61 .
  • Bohman , K , Arbogast , K and Boström , O . 2011 . Head injury causation scenarios for belted, rear-seated children in frontal impacts . Traffic Inj Prev. , 1 : 62 – 70 .
  • Brown , J and Bilston , L . 2006 . “ Annual Meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine; October 16–18 ” . Chicago , Illinois
  • Brown , J and Bilston , L . High back booster seats: in the field and in the laboratory . Paper read at: 20th Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference; June 18–21 , Lyon , , France
  • Brown , K J , Jing , J , Wang , S and Ehrlich , P . 2006 . Patterns of severe injury in pediatric car crash victims: Crash Injury Research Engineering Network database . J Pediatr Surg. , 41 : 362 – 367 .
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 2000 . CDC growth charts for the United States . 2000. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/set1clinical/cj41l021.pdf. Accessed March 16, 2012
  • Damm , R. 2006 . : 30 – 31 . Physical reconstructions. Paper read at: Child Project Dissemination Workshop; May Berlin, Germany
  • Durbin , D , Elliott , M and Winston , F . 2003 . Belt-positioning booster seats and reduction in risk of injury among children in vehicle crashes . J Am Med Assoc. , 21 : 2835 – 2840 .
  • Eriksson , L and Kullgren , A . 2006 . Influence of seat geometry and seating posture on NICmax long-term AIS 1 neck injury predictability . Traffic Inj Prev. , 7 : 61 – 69 .
  • European Road Safety Observatory . 2010 . Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2010 Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/pdf/statistics/dacota/bfs2010_dacota-trl-1-3-children.pdf. Accessed March 16, 2012
  • Fredriks , A M , van Buuren , S , van Heel , W JM , Dijkman-Neerincx , R HM , Verloove-Vanhorick , S P and Wit , J M . 2005 . Nationwide age references for sitting height, leg length, and sitting height/height ratio, and their diagnostic value for disproportionate growth disorders . Arch Dis Child. , 90 : 807 – 812 .
  • Irwin , A and Mertz , H . 1997 . Biomechanical Basis for the CRABI and Hybrid III Child Dummies SAE Technical Paper 973317, doi: 10.3271/973317
  • Johansson , M , Pipkorn , B and Lövsund , P . 2009 . Child safety in vehicles: validation of a mathematical model and development of restraint system design guidelines for 3-year-olds through mathematical simulations . Traffic Inj Prev. , 5 : 467 – 478 .
  • Klinich , K D , Saul , R A , Auguste , G , Backaitis , S and Kleinberger , M . 1996 . Techniques for developing child dummy protection reference values . Docket No. 74-14 N97. Available at: http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/NRD/Multimedia/PDFs/Biomechanics%20&%20Trauma/kid.pdf. Accessed on March 16, 2012
  • National Institute of Standards and Technology . 1977 . Anthrokids 1977 data. Available at: http://ovrt.nist.gov/projects/anthrokids/toc77.htm. Accessed December 15, 2011
  • O’Riordain , K , Thomas , P M , Phillips , J P and Gilchrist , M D . 2003 . Reconstruction of real world head injury accidents resulting from falls using multibody dynamics . Clin Biomech. , 18 : 590 – 600 .
  • Pipkorn , B , Mellander , H and Håland , Y . Car driver protection at frontal impacts up to 80 km/h (50 mph) . Paper read at: 19th Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference; June 6–9 , Washington , DC
  • Sherwood , C , Shaw , C van Rooij , L . 2003 . Prediction of cervical spine injury risk for the 6-year-old child in frontal crashes . Traffic Inj Prev. , 4 : 206 – 213 .
  • United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) . UNECE Regulation No. R44 Rev. 2 . available at http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/main/wp29/wp29regs/r044r2e.pdf. Accessed on September 15 2012
  • van Ratingen , M , Twisk , D , Schrooten , M Beusenberg , M . 1997 . Biomechanically Based Design and Performance Targets for a 3-Year Old Child Crash Dummy for Frontal and Side Impact . SAE Technical Paper 973316 , doi:10.4271/973316
  • van Rooij , L , Harkema , C , de Lange , R , de Jager , K , Bosch-Rekveldt , M and Mooi , H . Child poses in child restraint systems related to injury potential: investigations by virtual testing . Paper read at: 19th Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference; June 6–9 , Washington , DC
  • Yao , J. 2010 . Head Injuries in Car-to-Pedestrian Accidents; Investigation of Head Impact Dynamics, Injury Mechanisms and Countermeasures [PhD thesis]. Gothenburg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology;

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.