201
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Kinematics and Shoulder Belt Position of Child Anthropomorphic Test Devices During Steering Maneuvers

, &
Pages 797-806 | Received 20 Sep 2012, Accepted 11 Jan 2013, Published online: 27 Sep 2013

References

  • Andersson , M , Bohman , K and Osvalder , A-L . 2010 . Effect of booster seat design on children's choice of seating positions during naturalistic riding . Annu Proc Ann Adv Automot Med. , 54 : 171 – 180 .
  • Arbogast , K , Balasubramanian , S Seacrist , T . 2009 . Comparison of kinematic responses of the head and spine for children and adults in low-speed frontal sled tests . Stapp Car Crash J. , 53 : 329 – 372 .
  • Bidez , M , Burke , D , King , D , Mergl , K and Meyer , S. December 6–7, 2007 . A critical safety need for children ages 9–12 in the rear seat . Paper presented at: Protection of Children in Cars 5th International Conference , Munich, Germany
  • Bohman , K , Arbogast , K and Bostrom , O . 2011 . Head injury causation scenarios for belted, rear-seated children in frontal impact . Traffic Injury Prev. , 12 : 62 – 70 .
  • Bohman , K , Stockman , I , Jakobsson , L , Osvalder , A-L , Bostrom , O and Arbogast , K . 2011 . Kinematics and shoulder belt position of child rear seat passengers during vehicle maneuvers . Annu Proc Ann Adv Automot Med. , 55 : 15 – 26 .
  • Charlton , J , Koppel , S , Kopinathan , S and Taranto , D . 2010 . How do children really behave in restraint systems while traveling in cars? . Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. , 54 : 181 – 192 .
  • 2007 . Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Partners for Child Passenger Safety. Do Laws Make a Difference? Philadelphia , PA : Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Child Passenger Safety Issue Report, March
  • Douglas , C , Fildes , B , Gibson , T , Boström , O and Pintar , F . 2007 . Factors influencing occupant-to-seat belt interaction in far-side crashes . Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. , 51 : 319 – 339 .
  • Durbin , D , Elliott , M and Winston , F . 2003 . Belt-positioning booster seats and reduction in risk of injury among children in vehicle crashes . JAMA. , 289 : 2835 – 2840 .
  • Ejima , S , Zama , Y , Ono , K , Kaneoka , K , Shiina , I and Asada , H . June 15–18, 2009 . Prediction of pre-impact occupant kinematic behavior based on the muscle activity during frontal collision . Paper presented at: 21th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) , Stuttgart, Germany
  • Hault-Dubrulle , A , Robache , F , Pacaux , M-P and Morvan , H . 2011 . Determination of pre-impact occupant postures and analysis of consequences on injury outcome. Part I: a driving simulator study . Accid Anal Prev. , 43 : 66 – 74 .
  • Howard , A , Rothman , L McKeag , A . 2004 . Children in side-impact motor vehicle crashes—seating positions and injury mechanisms . J Trauma. , 56 : 1276 – 1285 .
  • Humanetics. About child dummies . Available at: http://www.humaneticsatd.com/crash-test-dummies/children. Accessed September 3, 2012
  • Hynd , M , McGrath , M , Waagmeester , K , Salters , E , Longton , A and Cirovic , S . December 1–2, 2011 . Q10 dummy development: EPOCh—final project report . Paper presented at: Protection of Children in Cars 9th International Conference , Munich, Germany
  • ImageSystemsAB. ImageSystems TEMA Motion . 2012 . Available at: http://www.imagesystems.se/image-systems-motion-analysis/products/tema-automotive.aspx. Accessed September 3, 2012
  • Jakobsson , L , Bohman , K , Stockman , I , Andersson , M and Osvalder , A-L . September 14–16, 2011 . Older children's sitting postures when riding in the rear seat . Paper presented at: IRCOBI Conference , Krakow, Poland
  • Lopez-Valdes , F J , Forman , J , Kent , R , Bostrom , O and Segui-Gomez , M . 2009 . A comparison between a child-size PMHS and the Hybrid III 6 YO in a sled frontal impact . Annu Proc Ann Adv Automot Med. , 53 : 237 – 246 .
  • Lubbe , N. December 2–3, 2010 . Comparison of Hybrid III 6yo and Q6 child dummies in high severity frontal impact tests . Paper presented at: Protection of Children in Cars 8th International Conference , Munich, Germany
  • 2005 . National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Child Passenger Fatalities and Injuries, Based on Restraint Use, Vehicle Type, Seat Position, and Number of Vehicles in the Crash , Washington, DC : National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, US Department of Transportation . DOT HS 809784
  • 2009 . “ National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 213 ” . In Child Restraint Systems Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49 , Vol. 6 , 855 – 898 . Washington, DC : Department of Transportation .
  • Pheasant , S and Haslegrave , C . 2006 . Bodyspace: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and the Design of Work. , 3rd ed , Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press .
  • Reed , M , Ebert , S , Sherwood , C , Klinich K , D. and Manary , M . 2009 . Evaluation of the static belt fit provided by belt-positioning booster seats . Accid Anal Prev , 41 : 598 – 607 .
  • Reed , M , Ebert-Hamilton , S , Klinich , D. K , Manary , M and Rupp , J. 2013 . Effects of vehicle seat and belt geometry on belt fit for children with and without belt positioning booster seats . Accid Anal Prev , 50 : 512 – 522 .
  • Seacrist , T , Balasubramanian , S and García-España , J F . 2010 . Kinematic comparison of pediatric human volunteers and the Hybrid III 6-year-old anthropomorphic test device . Annu Proc Ann Adv Automot Med. , 54 : 97 – 108 .
  • Seacrist , T , Mathews , E A Samuels , M . 2012 . Kinematic comparison of the Hybrid III and Q-series pediatric ATDs to pediatric volunteers in low-speed frontal crashes . Annu Proc Adv Automot Med. , 56 : 285 – 298 .
  • Sherwood , C , Shaw , C van Rooij , L . 2003 . Prediction of cervical spine injury risk for the 6-year-old child in frontal crashes . Traffic Injury Prev. , 4 : 206 – 213 .
  • Stockman , I , Bohman , K , Jakobsson , L and Brolin , K . 2013 . Kinematics of child volunteers and child anthropomorphic test devices during emergency braking events in real car environment . Traffic Injury Prev. , 1 : 92 – 102 .
  • Talmor , D , Legedza , A T and Nirula , R . 2010 . Injury thresholds after motor vehicle crash—important factors for patient triage and vehicle design . Accid Anal Prev. , 42 : 672 – 675 .
  • van Rooij , L , Harkema , C , de lange R, de Jager , K , Bosch-Rekveldt , M and Mooi , H . June 6–9, 2005 . Child poses in child restraints systems related to injury potential: Investigations by virtual testing . Paper presented at: 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) , Washington, DC
  • Wismans , J , Waagmeester , K Le Clarie , M . 2008 . Q-dummies Report—Advanced Child Dummies and Injury Criteria for Frontal Impact European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee, Report Document No. 514
  • World Health Organization . 2008 . World Report on Child Injury Prevention . Available at: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/child/injury/world_report/en. WHO

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.