Comparison of Cervical Vertebrae Rotations for PMHS and BioRID II in Rear Impacts

References

• Bertholon , N , Robin , S , Le Coz , J Y , Potier , P , Lassau , J P and Skalli , W . Human head and cervical spine behaviour during low-speed rear-end impacts: PMHS sled tests with a rigid seat . Paper presented at: International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference; Montpellier, France, September 20–22 ,
   Google Scholar
• Bortenschlager , K , Kramberger , D Barnsteiner , K . 2003 . Comparison tests of BioRID II and RID2 with regard to repeatability, reproducibility and sensitivity for assessment of car seat protection potential in rear-end impacts . Stapp Car Crash J. , 47 : 473 – 488 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cappon , H J , Philippens , MMGM , van Ratingen , M R and Wismans , JSWM . Evaluation of dummy behaviour during low severity rear impact . Paper presented at: International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference; Montpellier, France, September 20–22 ,
   Google Scholar
• Cappon , H , Philippens , M , van Ratingen , M and Wismans , J . 2001 . Development and evaluation of a new rear-impact crash dummy: the RID 2 . Stapp Car Crash J. , 45 : 225 – 238 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Croft , A and Philippens , M . 2007 . The RID2 biofidelic rear impact dummy: a pilot study using human subjects in low speed rear impact full scale crash tests . Accid Anal Prev. , 39 : 340 – 346 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidsson , J , Flogard , A , Lovsund , P and Svensson , M Y . 1999 . BioRID P3—design and performance compared to Hybrid III and volunteers in rear impacts at ΔV = 7 km/h . Stapp Car Crash J. , 43 : 253 – 265 .
   Google Scholar
• Davidsson , J , Lovsund , P , Ono , K , Svensson , M Y and Inami , S . A comparison between volunteer, BioRID P3 and Hybrid III performance in rear impacts . Paper presented at: International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference; Sitges, Spain, September , pp. 23 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Davidsson , J , Svensson , M Y Flogard , A . BioRID I—a new biofidelic rear impact dummy . Paper presented at: International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference; Göteberg, Sweden, September , pp. 16 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Deng , B , Begeman , P C , Yang , K H , Tashman , S and King , A I . 2000 . Kinematics of human cadaver cervical spine during low speed rear-end impacts . Stapp Car Crash J. , 44 : 171 – 188 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Geigl , B C , Steffan , H , Leinzinger , P , Roll Mühlbauer , M and Bauer , G . The movement of head and cervical spine during rearend impact . Paper presented at: International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference; Lyon, France, September , pp. 21 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Gotou , T , Ono , K , Ito , M and Matuoka , F . A comparison between BioRID AND Hybrid III head/neck/torso response in middle speed sled rear impact tests . Paper presented at: 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles; Stuttgart, Germany, June , pp. 15 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Hu , A S , Bean , S P and Zimmerman , R M . 1977 . Response of belted dummy and cadaver to rear impact . Stapp Car Crash J , 21 : 589 – 625 .
   Google Scholar
• Ishikawa , T , Okano , N , Ishikura , K and Ono , K . An evaluation of prototype seats using BioRID-P3 and Hybrid III with TRID neck . Paper presented at: International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference; Montpellier, France, September , pp. 20 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Ivancic , P C , Panjabi , M M , Tominaga , Y and Malcolmson , G F . 2006 . Predicting multiplanar cervical spine injury due to head-turned rear impacts using IV-NIC . Traffic Inj Prev. , 7 : 264 – 275 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ivancic , P C , Sha , D and Panjabi , M M . 2009 . Whiplash injury prevention with active head restraint . Clin Biomech. , 24 : 699 – 707 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kallieris , D , Rizzetti , A , Mattern , R , Thunnissen , J and Philippens , M . Cervical human spine loads during traumatomechanical investigations . Paper presented at: International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference; Dublin, Ireland, September , pp. 11 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Kang , Y , Moorhouse , K and Bolte , J . 2011 . Measurement of 6 DOF head kinematics in impact conditions employing six accelerometers and three angular rate sensors (6aw configuration) . J Biomech Eng. , 133 : 111007-1 – 111007-11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang , Y , Moorhouse , K , Donnelly , B , Herriott , R , Mallory , A and Bolte , J H . 2012 . Biomechanical responses of PMHS in moderate-speed impacts and development of response targets for evaluating the internal and external biofidelity of ATDs . Stapp Car Crash J. , 56 : 105 – 170 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim , A , Anderson , K F Berliner , J . 2003 . A biofidelity evaluation of the BioRID II, Hybrid III and RID2 for use in rear impacts . Stapp Car Crash J. , 47 : 489 – 523 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mallory , A and Stammen , J . 2007 . Comparative Evaluation of Rear Impact ATDs Static Seat Interaction and Dynamic Testing , Washington, DC : National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . NHTSA Docket No. 2007-27986-19
   Google Scholar
• Mertz , H J and Patrick , L M . 1967 . Investigation of the kinematics and kinetics of whiplash . Stapp Car Crash J. , 11 : 267 – 317 .
   Google Scholar
• Molino , L . 1998 . Determination of Moment-Deflection Characteristics of Automobile Seat Backs , Washington, DC : National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . NHTSA Docket No. 1998-4064-26
   Google Scholar
• Moorhouse , K , Kang , Y , Donnelly , B , Herriott , R and Bolte , J H . 2012 . Evaluation of the internal and external biofidelity of current rear impact ATDs to response targets developed from moderate-speed rear impacts of PMHS . Stapp Car Crash J. , 56 : 171 – 229 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . 2004 . Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Head Restraints (FMVSS 202a) , Washington, DC : National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . 49 CFR Part 571, Docket No. NHTSA-2004-19807
   Google Scholar
• Ono , K , Kaneoka , K , Wittek , A and Kajzer , J . 1997 . Cervical injury mechanism based on the analysis of human cervical vertebral motion and head–neck–torso kinematics during low-speed rear impacts . Stapp Car Crash J. , 41 : 339 – 356 .
   Google Scholar
• Panjabi , M M , Cholewicki , J , Nibu , K , Babat , L B and Dvorak , J . 1998 . Simulation of whiplash trauma using whole cervical spine specimens . Spine (Phila Pa 1976). , 23 : 17 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panjabi , M M , Ito , S , Ivancic , P C and Rubin , W . 2005 . Evaluation of the intervertebral neck injury criterion using simulated rear impacts . J Biomech. , 38 : 1694 – 1701 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philippens , M , Cappon , H van Ratingen , M . 2002 . Comparison of the rear impact biofidelity of BioRID II and RID2 . Stapp Car Crash J. , 46 : 461 – 476 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Philippens , M , Wismans , J , Cappon , H , Yoganandan , N and Pintar , F . Whole body kinematics using post mortem human subjects in experimental rear impact . Paper presented at: International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference; Montpellier, France, September 20–22 ,
   Google Scholar
• Rhule , H , Moorhouse , K , Donnelly , B and Kang , Y . A methodology for generating objective targets for quantitatively assessing the biofidelity of crash test dummies . Paper presented at: 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) , Seoul, Korea, May 27–30
   Google Scholar
• Sano , K , Dokko , Y , Negishi , H , Goto , T , Ono , K and Warren , J . Development of a cervical spine injury reducing seat system using BioRID II dummy . Paper presented at: 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles; Amsterdam, The Netherlands , June 4–7
   Google Scholar
• Siegmund , G P , Heinrichs , B E and Lawrence , J M . 2001 . Kinetic and kinematic responses of the RID 2a, Hybrid III and human volunteers in low-speed rear-end collisions . Stapp Car Crash J. , 45 : 239 – 256 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Siegmund , G P , King , D J , Lawrence , J M , Wheeler , J B , Brault , J R and Smith , T A . 1997 . Head/neck kinematic response of human subjects in low-speed, rear-end collisions . Stapp Car Crash J. , 41 : 357 – 385 .
   Google Scholar
• Society of Automotive Engineers . 2007 . Instrumentation for Impact Test, Part 1: Electronic Instrumentation , Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers . SAE J211/1
   Google Scholar
• Stemper , B D , Yoganandan , N and Pintar , F A . 2003 . Gender dependent cervical spine segmental kinematics during whiplash . J. Biomech. , 36 : 1281 – 1289 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundararajan , S , Prasad , P Demetropoulos , C K . 2004 . Effect of head–neck position on cervical facet stretch of post mortem human subjects during low speed rear end impacts . Stapp Car Crash J. , 48 : 331 – 372 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tencer , A F , Mirze , S and Huber , P . 2004 . A comparison of injury criteria used in evaluating seats for whiplash protection . Traffic Inj Prev. , 5 : 56 – 66 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Den Kroonenberg , A , Philippens , M , Cappon , H , Wismans , J , Hell , W and Langwieder , K . 1998 . Human head–neck response during low-speed rear end impacts . Stapp Car Crash J. , 42 : 207 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• White , N A , Begeman , P C Hardy , W N . 2009 . Investigation of Upper Body and Cervical Spine Kinematics of Post Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS) During Low-Speed, Rear-End Impacts , Warrendale , PA : Society of Automotive Engineers . SAE Paper No. 2009-01-0387
   Google Scholar
• Wu , J , Shi , Y , Kang , J and Nusholtz , G S . 2009 . Using Trial-Axial Angular Rate Sensor and Accelerometer to Determine Spatial Orientation and Position in Impact Tests , Warrendale , PA : Society of Automotive Engineers . SAE Paper No. 2009-01-0055
   Google Scholar
• Yoganandan , N , Pintar , F , Stemper , B , Schlick , M , Philippens , M and Wismans , J . 2000 . Biomechanics of human occupants in simulated rear crashes: documentation of neck injuries and comparison of injury criteria . Stapp Car Crash J. , 44 : 189 – 204 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zellmer , H , Stamm , M , Seidenschwang , A and Brunner , A . Enhancement of seat performance in low-speed rear impact . Paper presented at: 17th International Technical Conference of the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles; Amsterdam, The Netherlands , June 4–7
   Google Scholar