Older Adults at Increased Risk as Pedestrians in Victoria, Australia: An Examination of Crash Characteristics and Injury Outcomes

References

• Alsop J, Langley J. Under-reporting of motor vehicle traffic crash victims in New Zealand. Accid Anal Prev. 2001;33:353–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson RWG, McLean AJ, Farmer MJB, Lee BH, Brooks CG. Vehicle travel speeds and the incidence of fatal pedestrian crashes. Accid Anal Prev. 1997;29:667–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). Census of Population and Housing 2010. Canberra: ABS; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Binder EF, Schechtman KB, Ehsani AA, et al. Effects of exercise training on frailty in community-dwelling older adults: results of a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:1921–1928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Millar WJ. Are recent cohorts healthier than their predecessors? Health Rep. 2000;11(4):9–23 (English); 29–26 (French).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Congiu M, Whelan M, Oxley J, Charlton J, D’Elia A, Muir C. Child Pedestrians: Factors Associated With Ability to Cross Roads Safely and Development of a Training Package. Clayton, Victoria: Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC); 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Garrard J. Active Transport: Adults—An Overview of Recent Evidence. Melbourne: VicHealth; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Henary BY, Ivarsson J, Crandall JR. The influence of age on the morbidity and mortality of pedestrian victims. Traffic Inj Prev. 2006;7(2):182–190.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• International Transport Forum (ITF). Pedestrian Safety, Urban Space and Health. OECD Publishing; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Lopez DG, Rosman DL, Jelinek GA, Wilkes GJ, Sprivulis PC. Complementing police road-crash records with trauma registry data—an initial evaluation. Accid Anal Prev. 2000;32:771–777.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Centre for Classification in Health (Australia). The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM). Australia: Author; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• O’Hern S, Oxley J. Understanding travel patterns to support safe active transport for older adults. J Transp Health. 2015;2(1):79–85.
   Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Ageing and Transport: Mobility Needs and Safety Issues. Paris, France: Author; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Oxley J. Improving Pedestrian Safety Curtin. Perth: Monash Accident Research Centre; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Oxley J, Charlton J. Attitudes to and mobility impacts of driving cessation: differences between current and former drivers. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 2009;25:43–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oxley J, Corben B, Fildes B, O’Hare M, Rothengatter T. Older Vulnerable Road Users—Measures to Reduce Crash and Injury Risk. Clayton, Victoria: Monash University Accident Research Centre; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Oxley J, Fildes B, Ihsen E, Charlton J, Day R. Differences in traffic judgements between young and old adult pedestrians. Accid Anal Prev. 1997;29:839–847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oxley J, Fildes B, Ihsen E, Day R, Charlton J. An investigation of road crossing behaviour of older pedestrians. Clayton, Victoria: Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC); 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Oxley J, Whelan M. It cannot be all about safety: the benefits of prolonged mobility. Traffic Inj Prev. 2008;9:367–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palamara P, Broughton M. An investigation of pedestrian crashes at traffic intersections in the Perth Central Business. J Public Health. 2013;93:1456–1463.
   Google Scholar
• Pasanen E. Driving Speeds and Pedestrian Safety—A Mathematical Model. Otaniemi, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology, Traffic Engineering; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Rosén E, Stigson H, Sander U. Literature review of pedestrian fatality risk as a function of car impact speed. Accid Anal Prev. 2011;43:25–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosman DL. The Western Australian Road Injury Database (1987–1996): ten years of linked police, hospital and death records of road crashes and injuries. Accid Anal Prev. 2001;33:81–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmon J-AL, Breman R, Fotheringham M, Ball K, Finch C. Potential Approaches for the Promotion of Physical Activity: A Review of the Literature. Burwood, Victoria: Deakin University School of Health Sciences; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Sciortino S, Vassar M, Radetsky M, Knudson MM. San Francisco pedestrian injury surveillance: mapping, under-reporting, and injury severity in police and hospital records. Accid Anal Prev. 2005;37:1102–1113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tefft BC. Impact speed and a pedestrian's risk of severe injury or death. Accid Anal Prev. 2013;50:871–878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Van Belle G, Kukull WB, Larson EB. Predictors of functional change: a longitudinal study of nondemented people aged 65 and older. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:1525–1534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou M, Lyles R. Mobility patterns of the next generation of older persons. Transp Res Rec. 1997;1573:99–104.
   Google Scholar