References
- AAA. Annual cost to own and operate a vehicle falls to $8,698. 2015. Available at: http://newsroom.aaa.com/2015/04/annual-cost-operate-vehicle-falls-8698-finds-aaa/. Accessed January 21, 2016.
- Bachman JG, Johnston LD, O'Malley PM. Monitoring the Future: Questionnaire Responses from the Nation's High School Seniors, 2012. 2014. Available at: http://monitoringthefuture.org/datavolumes/2012/2012dv.pdf. Accessed January 21, 2016.
- Bachman JG, Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Schulenberg JE, Miech RA. The Monitoring the Future Project after Four Decades: Design and Procedures. 2015. Monitoring the Future Occasional Paper No. 82. Available at: http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs.html#papers. Accessed January 21, 2016.
- Baker SP, Braver ER, Chen L, Pantula JF, Massie D. Motor vehicle occupant deaths among Hispanic and black children and teenagers. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998;152:1209–1212.
- Chen HY, Ivers R, Martiniuk A, et al. Socioeconomic status and risk of car crash injury, independent of place of residence and driving exposure: results from the DRIVE Study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2010;64:998–1003.
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. A personal GDL for older novice teen drivers. 2015. Available at: http://www.teendriversource.org/more_pages/page/personal_gdl_older_novice_drivers/teen. Accessed January 21, 2016.
- Curry AE, García-España JF, Winston FK, Ginsburg K, Durbin DR. Variation in teen driver education by state requirements and sociodemographics. Pediatrics. 2012;129:453–457.
- Curry AE, Kim KH, Pfeiffer MR. Inaccuracy of Federal Highway Administration's licensed driver data: implications on young driver trends. J Adolesc Health. 2014;55:452–454.
- Curry AE, Pfeiffer MR, Durbin DR, Elliott MR. Young driver crash rates by licensing age, driving experience, and license phase. Accid Anal Prev. 2015;80:243–250.
- Curry AE, Pfeiffer MR, Durbin DR, Elliott MR, Kim KH. Young driver licensing: examination of population-level rates using New Jersey's state licensing database. Accid Anal Prev. 2015;76:49–56.
- Davis B, Dutzik T, Baxandall P. Transportation and the New Generation: Why Young People Are Driving Less and What It Means for Transportation Policy. Santa Barbara, CA: Frontier Group; 2012. Available at: http://www.uspirg.org/sites/pirg/files/reports/Transportation%20%26%20the%20New%20Generation%20vUS_0.pdf. Accessed January 21, 2016.
- Diaz-Quijano FA. A simple method for estimating relative risk using logistic regression. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2012;12:14–19.
- Foss RD. Using national licensing data to measure young driver exposure: proceed with caution [abstract]. Paper presented at: 40th International Forum on Traffic Records & Highway Information Systems; October 29, 2014; St. Louis, MO.
- Gusner P. Average insurance rates by age 16 to 26, 2014. 2016. Available at: http://www.carinsurance.com/kb/content17532.aspx. Accessed June 27, 2016.
- Harper S, Charters TJ, Strumpf EC. Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in motor vehicle accident deaths in the United States, 1995–2010. Am J Epidemiol. 2015;182:606–614.
- Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Fatality facts: teenagers 2013. 2015a. Available at: http://www.iihs.org/iihs/topics/t/teenagers/fatalityfacts/teenagers). Accessed January 21, 2016.
- Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Teenagers: state laws, effective dates of graduated driver licensing law components in every state and DC. 2015b. Available at: http://www.iihs.org/iihs/topics/laws/graduatedlicenseintro?topicName=teenagers. Accessed January 21, 2016.
- Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE, Miech RA. Monitoring the Future: National Survey Results on Drug Use 1975–2013: Vol 1. Secondary School Students. 2014. Available at: http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-vol1_2013.pdf. Accessed January 21, 2016.
- Lee KJ, Carlin JB. Multiple imputation for missing data: fully conditional specification versus multivariate normal imputation, Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171:624–632.
- Liu Y, De A. Multiple imputation by fully conditional specification for dealing with missing data in a large epidemiologic study. Int J Stats Med Res. 2015;4:287–295.
- Males MA. Poverty as a determinant of young drivers' fatal crash risks. J Safety Res. 2009;40:443–448.
- Masten SV, Foss RD, Marshall SW. Graduated driver licensing and fatal crashes involving 16- to 19-year-old drivers. JAMA. 2011;306:1098–1103.
- McCartt AT, Teoh ER. Tracking progress in teenage driver crash risk in the United States since the advent of graduated driver licensing programs. J Safety Res. 2015;53:1–9.
- McDonald NC, Trowbridge MJ. Does the built environment affect when American teens become drivers? Evidence from the 2001 National Household Travel Survey. J Safety Res. 2009;40:177–183.
- O'Malley PM, Johnston LD. Driving after drug or alcohol use by US high school seniors, 2001–2011. Am J Public Health. 2013;103:2027–2034.
- Rockefeller Foundation. Access to public transportation a top criterion for millennials when deciding where to live, new survey shows [press release]. 2014. Available at: https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/about-us/news-media/access-public-transportation-top/. Accessed January 21, 2016.
- Schoettle B, Sivak M. The reasons for the recent decline in young driver licensing in the United States. Traffic Inj Prev. 2014;15:6–9.
- Shope JT. Graduated driver licensing: review of evaluation results since 2002. J Safety Res. 2007;38:165–175.
- Shults RA, Olsen E, Williams AF. Driving by high school students—United States, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64:314–317.
- Shults RA, Williams AF. Trends in driver licensing status and driving among high school seniors in the United States, 1996–2010. J Safety Res. 2013;46:167–170.
- Tefft BC, Williams AF, Grabowski JG. Driver licensing and reasons for delaying licensure among young adults ages 18–20, United States, 2012. Inj Epidemiol. 2014;1:1–8.
- Triplett T, Santos R, Rosenbloom S. American Driving Survey: Methodology and Year One Results, May 2013–May 2014. 2015. Available at: https://www.aaafoundation.org/sites/default/files/2015American-DrivingSurveyRerport.pdf. Accessed January 21, 2016.
- US Census Bureau. School CPS October 2013—Detailed Tables. 2014. Available at: http://www.census.gov/hhes/school/data/cps/2013/tables.html. Accessed January 21, 2016.
- van Buuren S, Brand JPL, Groothuis-Oudshoorn CGM, Rubin DB. Fully conditional specification in multivariate imputation. J Stat Comput Simul. 2006;76:1049–1064.
- Wang Z. orsk: Converting Odds Ratio to Relative Risk in Cohort Studies with Partial Data Information. [ computer program]. 2013. Available at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/orsk/index.html. Accessed January 21, 2016.
- Washington Joint Transportation Committee. Driver Education: New Methods and Expanded Requirements Final Draft Report. 2014. Available at: http://leg.wa.gov/JTC/Meetings/Documents/Agendas/2014%20Agendas/Meeting_Dec11/FinalDraftReport_DriverEdWEB.pdf. Accessed January 21, 2016.
- Williams AF, Chaudhary NK, Tefft BC, Tison J. Evaluation of New Jersey's graduated driver licensing program. Traffic Inj Prev. 2010;11:1–7.
- Williams AF. Teenagers' licensing decisions and their views of licensing policies: a national survey. Traffic Inj Prev. 2011a;12:312–319.
- Williams AF, Braitman KA, McCartt AT. Views of parents of teenagers about licensing policies: a national survey. Traffic Inj Prev. 2011b;12:1–8.
- Williams AF. Commentary: teenage driver fatal crash rate trends: what do they reveal? Traffic Inj Prev. 2014;15:663–665.