Age-specific characteristics of road traffic injuries among children and adolescents in South Korea

References

• American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). 2009. Committee on injury, violence, and poison prevention. Policy statement–pedestrian safety. Pediatrics. 124(2):802–812. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-1143. PMID: 19651595.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alonso F, Esteban C, Useche S, Colomer N. 2018. Effect of road safety education on road risky behaviors of Spanish children and adolescents: findings from a national study. IJERPH. 15(12):2828. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122828. PMID: 30545039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behzadnia S, Shahmohammadi S. 2016. Road traffic injuries among Iranian children and adolescents: an epidemiological review. J Pediatr Rev. 4(1). doi: 10.17795/jpr-4780.
   Google Scholar
• Borse N, Sleet DA. 2009. CDC Childhood Injury Report: patterns of unintentional injuries among 0- to 19-year olds in the United States, 2000–2006. Fam Community Health. 32(2):189. doi: 10.1097/01.FCH.0000347986.44810.59. PMID: 19305217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brolin K, Stockman I, Andersson M, Bohman K, Gras LL, Jakobsson L. 2015. Safety of children in cars: a review of biomechanical aspects and human body models. IATSS Res. 38(2):92–102. 10.1016/j.iatssr.2014.09.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown J, Schonstein L, Ivers R, Keay L. 2018. Children and motorcycles: a systematic review of risk factors and interventions. Inj Prev. 24(2):166–175. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042262. PMID: 28193715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakravarthy B, Anderson CL, Ludlow J, Lotfipour S, Vaca FE. 2010. The relationship of pedestrian injuries to socioeconomic characteristics in a large Southern California County. Traffic Inj Prev. 11(5):508–513. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2010.497546. PMID: 20872307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang SSM, Symons RCA, Ozanne-Smith J. 2018. Child road traffic injury mortality in Victoria, Australia (0–14 years), the need for targeted action. Injury. 49(3):604–612. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.12.018. PMID: 29361292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong SL, Tyebally A, Chew SY, Lim YC, Feng XY, Chin ST, Lee LK. 2017. Road traffic injuries among children and adolescents in Singapore – Who is at greatest risk. Accid Anal Prev. 100:59–64. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.01.005. PMID: 28110260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross DS, Hall MR. 2005. Child pedestrian safety: the role of behavioural science. Med J Aust. 182(7):318–319. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06726.x. PMID: 15804219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fong MC, Measelle JR, Dwyer JL, Taylor YK, Mobasser A, Strong TM, Werner S, Ouansavanh S, Mounmingkham A, Kasuavang M, et al. 2015. Rates of motorcycle helmet use and reasons for non-use among adults and children in Luang Prabang, Lao People’s Democratic Republic. BMC Public Health. 15:970. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2304-2. PMID: 26416386; PMCID: PMC4584470.
   Google Scholar
• Grivna M, Barss P, Stanculescu C, Eid HO, Abu-Zidan FM. 2013. Child and youth traffic-related injuries: use of a trauma registry to identify priorities for prevention in the United Arab Emirates. Traffic Inj Prev. 14(3):274–282. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2012.711498. PMID: 23441946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grivna M, Eid HO, Abu-Zidan FM. 2014. Epidemiology, morbidity and mortality from fall-related injuries in the United Arab Emirates. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 22:51. doi: 10.1186/s13049-014-0051-5. PMID: 25178823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagel BE, Romanow NTR, Enns N, Williamson J, Rowe BH. 2015. Severe bicycling injury risk factors in children and adolescents: a case-control study. Accid Anal Prev. 78:165–172. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.002. PMID: 25790975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoye A. 2018. Recommend or mandate? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of mandatory bicycle helmet legislation. Accid Anal Prev. 120:239–249. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.08.001. PMID: 30173006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICECI Coordination and Maintenance Group. 2004. International classification of external causes of injuries. ICECI Coord Maint Gr. [accessed 2022 Oct 01]. https://www.whofic.nl/sites/default/files/2018-05/ICECI in English.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• International Transport Forum. 2021. Road safety annual report 2021: the impact of Covid-19 Korea. [accessed 2022 Oct 01]. https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/korea-road-safety.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Kim J, Shin SD, Im TH, Lee KJ, Ko SB, Park JO, Ahn KO, Song KJ. 2009. Development and validation of the excess mortality ratio-adjusted Injury Severity Score using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition. Acad Emerg Med. 16(5):454–464. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00412.x. PMID: 19388920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Q, Alonge O, Hyder AA. 2016. Children and road traffic injuries: can’t the world do better? Arch Dis Child. 101(11):1063–1070. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-309586. PMID: 27543508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang CC, Liu HT, Rau CS, Hsu SY, Hsieh HY, Hsieh CH. 2015. Motorcycle-related hospitalization of adolescents in a Level I trauma center in southern Taiwan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 15:105. doi: 10.1186/s12887-015-0419-3. PMID: 26315551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobday M, Meuleners L. 2018. Child and adolescent pedestrians and cyclists in Western Australia: how safe are they? [accessed 2022 Oct 01]. https://www.wa.gov.au/system/files/2021-07/Child-pedestrian-and-cyclist_0.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Macpherson AK, To TM, Parkin PC, Moldofsky B, Wright JG, Chipman ML, Macarthur C. 2004. Urban/rural variation in children’s bicycle-related injuries. Accid Anal Prev. 36(4):649–654. doi: 10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00086-1. PMID: 15094419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdams RJ, Swidarski K, Clark RM, Roberts KJ, Yang J, Mckenzie LB. 2018. Bicycle-related injuries among children treated in US emergency departments, 2006–2015. Accid Anal Prev. 118:11–17. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.05.019. PMID: 29843009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson J, Stone DH. 2009. Pattern of injury mortality by age-group in children aged 0–14 years in Scotland, 2002–2006, and its implications for prevention. BMC Pediatr. 9:26. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-9-26. PMID: 19351386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pernica JM, LeBlanc JC, Soto-Castellares G, Donroe J, Carhuancho-Meza BA, Rainham DG, Gilman RH. 2012. Risk factors predisposing to pedestrian road traffic injury in children living in Lima, Peru: a case-control study. Arch Dis Child. 97(8):709–713. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2011-300997. PMID: 22685050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts I, Norton R, Jackson R, Dunn R, Hassall I. 1995. Effect of environmental factors on risk of injury of child pedestrians by motor vehicles: a case-control study. BMJ. 310(6972):91–94. doi: 10.1136/bmj.310.6972.91. PMID: 7833733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarmiento K, Haileyesus T, Waltzman D, Daugherty J. 2021. Emergency department visits for bicycle-related traumatic brain injuries among children and adults – United States, 2009–2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 70(19):693–697. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7019a1. PMID: 33988186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauber-Schatz EK, West BA, Bergen G, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2014. Vital signs: restraint use and motor vehicle occupant death rates among children aged 0–12 years – United States, 2002–2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 63(5):113–118. PMID: 24500292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scuffham P, Alsop J, Cryer C, Langley JD. 2000. Head injuries to bicyclists and the New Zealand bicycle helmet law. Accid Anal Prev. 32(4):565–573. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(99)00081-0. PMID: 10868759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Korea ROAD Traffic Authority. 2021. [accessed 2022 Oct 01]. http://taas.koroad.or.kr/sta/acs/exs/typical.do?menuId=WEB_KMP_OVT_UAS_PDS.
   Google Scholar
• Tiruneh BT, Bifftu BB, Dachew BA. 2019. Prevalence and factors associated with road traffic incident among adolescents and children in the hospitals of Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. BMC Emerg Med. 19(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12873-019-0238-1. PMID: 30832579.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wada T, Nakahara S, Bounta B, Phommahaxay K, Phonelervong V, Phommachanh S, Mayxay M, Manivong T, Phoutsavath P, Ichikawa M, et al. 2017. Road traffic injury among child motorcyclists in Vientiane Capital, Laos: a cross-sectional study using a hospital-based injury surveillance database. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 24(2):152–157. doi: 10.1080/17457300.2015.1080728. PMID: 28452289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang M, Liu Y, Kang L, He C, Miao L, Huang J, He X, Zhu J, Liang J, Li Q, et al. 2020. Social and environmental risk factors for the accidental drowning of children under five in China. BMC Public Health. 20(1):1553. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09650-0. PMID: 33059656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf LL, Chowdhury R, Tweed J, Vinson L, Losina E, Haider AH, Qureshi FG. 2017. Factors associated with pediatric mortality from motor vehicle crashes in the United States: a state-based analysis. J Pediatr. 187:295–302.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.044. PMID: 28552450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). 2014. Motorcycle-related injuries in children in the South-East Asia Region. [accessed 2022 Oct 01]. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/205540/B5141.pdf?sequence=1.
   Google Scholar