1,010
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Bad Dream Frequency in Older Adults With Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Prevalence, Correlates, and Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Anxiety

, , , , &
Pages 28-40 | Received 26 Apr 2012, Accepted 20 Nov 2012, Published online: 07 Mar 2013

REFERENCES

  • Agargun , M. Y. , Kara , H. , Ozer , O. A. , Selvi , Y. , Kiran , U. and Ozer , B. 2003 . Clinical importance of nightmare disorder in patients with dissociative disorders . Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , 57 : 575 – 579 .
  • American Psychiatric Association . 2000 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, , 4th ed., text rev. Washington , DC : Author. .
  • Beck , A. T. and Steer , R. A. 1987 . Manual for the revised Beck Depression Inventory. San Antonio , TX : Psychological Corporation. .
  • Beck , A. T. and Steer , R. A. 1993 . Manual for the Beck Anxiety Inventory. San Antonio , TX : Psychological Corporation. .
  • Beck , J. G. , Stanley , M. A. and Zebb , B. J. 1995 . Psychometric properties of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire in older adults . Journal of Clinical Geropsychology , 1 : 33 – 42 .
  • Beekman , A. T. F. , Bremmer , M. A. , Deeg , D. J. H. , van Balkom , A. J. L. M. , Snut , J. H. , de Beurs , E. and van Tilburg , W. 1998 . Anxiety disorders in later life: A report from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 13 : 717 – 726 . doi:10.1002/(sici)1099–1166(1998100)13:10<717::aid-gps857>3.0.co;2-m
  • Brenes , G. A. , Miller , M. E. , Stanley , M. A. , Williamson , J. D. , Knudson , M. and McCall , W. V. 2009 . Insomnia in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder . American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 17 : 465 – 472 . doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181987747
  • Brenes , G. A. , Miller , M. E. , Williamson , J. D. , McCall , W. V. , Knudson , M. and Stanley , M. A. 2012 . A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders . American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 20 : 707 – 716 .
  • Burgess , M. , Gill , M. and Marks , I. 1998 . Postal self-exposure treatment of recurrent nightmares: Randomised controlled trial . British Journal of Psychiatry , 172 : 257 – 262 .
  • Bush , A. L. , Armento , M. E. A. , Weiss , B. J. , Rhoades , H. M. , Novy , D. M. , Wilson , N. L. and Stanley , M. A. 2012 . The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in older adult primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Psychometrics and outcomes following cognitive behavioral therapy . Psychiatry Research , 199 : 24 – 30 .
  • Buysse , D. J. , Reynolds , C. F. III , Monk , T. H. , Berman , S. R. and Kupfer , D. J. 1989 . The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research . Psychiatry Research , 28 : 193 – 213 .
  • Byers , A. L. , Yaffe , K. , Covinsky , K. E. , Friedman , M. B. and Bruce , M. L. 2010 . High occurrence of mood and anxiety disorders among older adults: The National Comorbidity Survey Replication . Archives of General Psychiatry , 67 : 489 – 496 .
  • Cellucci , A. J. and Lawrence , P. S. 1978 . The efficacy of systematic desensitization in reducing nightmares . Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry , 9 : 109 – 114 .
  • Claridge , G. , Davis , C. , Bellhouse , M. and Kaptein , S. 1998 . Borderline personality, nightmares, and adverse life events in the risk for eating disorders . Personality and Individual Differences , 25 : 339 – 351 .
  • Cukrowicz , K. C. , Otamendi , A. , Pinto , J. V. , Bernert , R. A. , Krakow , B. and Joiner , T. E. Jr. 2006 . The impact of insomnia and sleep disturbances on depression and suicidality . Dreaming , 16 : 1 – 10 . doi:10.1037/1053–0797.16.1.1
  • First , M. B. , Gibbon , M. , Spitzer , R. L. and Williams , J. B. W. 2001 . Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV–TR Axis I disorders, research version, patient edition with psychotic screen. New York , NY : New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research. .
  • Folstein , M. F. , Folstein , S. E. and McHugh , P. R. 1975 . Mini-Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 12 : 189 – 198 . doi:10.1016/0022–3956(75)90026–6
  • Forbes , D. , Phelps , A. J. , McHugh , A. F. , Debenham , P. , Hopwood , M. and Creamer , M. 2003 . Imagery rehearsal in the treatment of posttraumatic nightmares in Australian veterans with chronic combat-related PTSD: 12-month follow-up data . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 16 : 509 – 513 .
  • Frisch , M. B. 1994 . Manual and treatment guide for the Quality of Life Inventory. Minneapolis , MN : National Computer Systems, Inc. .
  • Frisch , M. B. , Cornell , J. , Villanueva , M. and Retzlaff , P. J. 1992 . Clinical validation of the Quality of Life Inventory. A measure of life satisfaction for use in treatment planning and outcome assessment . Psychological Assessment , 4 : 92 – 101 . doi:10.1037/1040–3590.4.1.92
  • Gallagher , D. , Nies , G. and Thompson , L. W. 1982 . Reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory with older adults . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 50 : 152 – 153 . doi:10.1037/0022–006x.50.1.152
  • Germain , A. and Nielsen , T. A. 2003 . Impact of imagery rehearsal treatment on distressing dreams, psychological distress, and sleep parameters in nightmare patients . Behavioral Sleep Medicine , 1 : 140 – 154 .
  • Hartmann , E. 1981 . A preliminary study of the personality of the nightmare sufferer: Relationship to schizophrenia and creativity? . American Journal of Psychiatry , 138 : 794 – 797 .
  • Hartmann , E. , Russ , D. , Oldfield , M. , Sivan , I. and Cooper , S. 1987 . Who has nightmares? The personality of the lifelong nightmare sufferer . Archives of General Psychiatry , 44 : 49 – 56 .
  • Haynes , S. N. and Mooney , D. K. 1975 . Nightmares: Etiological, theoretical, and behavioral treatment considerations . Psychological Record , 25 : 225 – 236 .
  • Hersen , M. 1971 . Personality characteristics of nightmare sufferers . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 153 : 27 – 31 . doi:10.1097/00005053–197107000-00003
  • Kessler , R. C. , Berglund , P. , Demler , O. , Jin , R. , Merikangas , K. R. and Walters , E. E. 2005 . Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM–IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication . Archives of General Psychiatry , 62 : 593 – 602 .
  • Krakow , B. , Hollifield , M. , Johnston , L. , Koss , M. , Schrader , R. , Warner , T. D. and Prince , H. 2001 . Imagery rehearsal therapy for chronic nightmares in sexual assault survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled trial . Journal of the American Medical Association , 286 : 537 – 545 .
  • Krakow , B. , Hollifield , M. , Schrader , R. , Koss , M. , Tandberg , D. , Lauriello , J. and Kellner , R. 2000 . A controlled study of imagery rehearsal for chronic nightmares in sexual assault survivors with PTSD: A preliminary report . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 13 : 589 – 609 . doi:10.1023/A:1007854015481
  • Krakow , B. , Johnston , L. , Melendrez , D. , Hollifield , M. , Warner , T. D. , Chavez-Kennedy , D. and Herlan , M. J. 2001 . An open-label trial of evidence-based cognitive behavior therapy for nightmares and insomnia in crime victims with PTSD . American Journal of Psychiatry , 158 : 2043 – 2047 .
  • Krakow , B. , Sandoval , D. , Schrader , R. , Keuhne , B. , McBride , L. , Yau , C. L. and Tandberg , D. 2001 . Treatment of chronic nightmares in adjudicated adolescent girls in a residential facility . Journal of Adolescent Health , 29 : 94 – 100 .
  • Levin , R. and Fireman , G. 2002 . Nightmare prevalence, nightmare distress, and self-reported psychological disturbance . Sleep , 25 : 205 – 212 .
  • Levin , R. and Nielsen , T. A. 2007 . Disturbed dreaming, posttraumatic stress disorder, and affect distress: A review and neurocognitive model . Psychological Bulletin , 133 : 482 – 528 . doi:10.1037/0033–2909.133.3.482
  • Levin , R. and Nielsen , T. 2009 . Nightmares, bad dreams, and emotion dysregulation: A review and new neurocognitive model of dreaming . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 18 ( 2 ) : 84 – 88 .
  • Mallon , L. , Broman , J.-E. and Hetta , J. 2000 . Sleeping difficulties in relation to depression and anxiety in elderly adults . Nordic Journal of Psychiatry , 54 : 355 – 360 . doi:10.1080/080394800457192
  • Meyer , T. J. , Miller , M. L. , Metzger , R. L. and Borkovec , T. D. 1990 . Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 28 : 487 – 495 . doi:10.1016/0005–7967(90)90135–6
  • Miller , W. R. and DiPilato , M. 1983 . Treatment of nightmares via relaxation and desensitization: A controlled evaluation . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 51 : 870 – 877 .
  • Nadorff , M. R. , Nazem , S. and Fiske , A. 2011 . Insomnia symptoms, nightmares, and suicidal ideation in a college student sample . Sleep , 34 : 93 – 98 .
  • Nappi , C. M. , Drummond , S. P. A. , Thorp , S. R. and McQuaid , J. R. 2010 . Effectiveness of imagery rehearsal therapy for the treatment of combat-related nightmares in veterans . Behavior Therapy , 41 : 237 – 244 .
  • Neidhardt , E. J. , Krakow , B. , Kellner , R. and Pathak , D. 1992 . The beneficial effects of one treatment session and recording of nightmares on chronic nightmare sufferers . Sleep: Journal of Sleep Research & Sleep Medicine , 15 : 470 – 473 .
  • Nielsen , T. A. , Laberge , L. , Paquet , J. , Tremblay , R. E. , Vitaro , F. and Montplaisir , J. 2000 . Development of disturbing dreams during adolescence and their relation to anxiety symptoms . Sleep , 23 : 727 – 736 .
  • Nielsen , T. A. , Stenstrom , P. and Levin , R. 2006 . Nightmare frequency as a function of age, gender, and September 11, 2001: Findings from an Internet questionnaire . Dreaming , 16 : 145 – 158 .
  • Ohayon , M. M. and Shapiro , C. M. 2000 . Sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 41 : 469 – 478 .
  • Robert , G. and Zadra , A. 2008 . Measuring nightmare and bad dream frequency: Impact of retrospective and prospective instruments . Journal of Sleep Research , 17 : 132 – 139 . doi:10.1111/j.1365–2869.2008.00649.x
  • Rozario , P. A. , Morrow-Howell , N. L. and Proctor , E. K. 2006 . Changes in the SF-12 among depressed elders six months after discharge from an inpatient geropsychiatric unit . Quality of Life Research , 15 : 755 – 759 . doi:10.1007/s11136–005-3996-z
  • Salvio , M.-A. , Wood , J. M. , Schwartz , J. and Eichling , P. S. 1992 . Nightmare prevalence in the healthy elderly . Psychology and Aging , 7 : 324 – 325 . doi:10.1037/0882–7974.7.2.324
  • Schredl , M. and Reinhard , I. 2011 . Gender differences in nightmare frequency: A meta-analysis . Sleep Medicine Reviews , 15 : 115 – 121 . doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2010.06.002
  • Segal , D. L. , Coolidge , F. L. , Cahill , B. S. and O'Riley , A. A. 2008 . Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI–II) among community-dwelling older adults . Behavior Modification , 31 ( 1 ) : 3 – 20 .
  • Semiz , U. B. , Basoglu , C. , Ebrinc , S. and Cetin , M. 2008 . Nightmare disorder, dream anxiety, and subjective sleep quality in patients with borderline personality disorder . Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , 62 : 48 – 55 .
  • Simor , P. , Pajkossy , P. , Horváth , K. and Bódizs , R. 2012 . Impaired executive functions in subjects with frequent nightmares as reflected by performance in different neuropsychological tasks . Brain and Cognition , 78 : 274 – 283 .
  • Sjöström , N. , Hetta , J. and Wærn , M. 2009 . Persistent nightmares are associated with repeat suicide attempt: A prospective study . Psychiatry Research , 170 : 208 – 211 . doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.09.006
  • Sjöström , N. , Wærn , M. and Hetta , J. 2007 . Nightmares and sleep disturbances in relation to suicidality in suicide attempters . Sleep , 30 : 91 – 95 .
  • Spoormaker , V. I. and van den Bout , J. 2006 . Lucid dreaming treatment for nightmares: A pilot study . Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , 75 : 389 – 394 .
  • Stanley , M. A. , Beck , J. G. , Novy , D. M. , Averill , P. M. , Swann , A. C. , Diefenbach , G. J. and Hopko , D. R. 2003 . Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 71 : 309 – 319 . doi:10.1037/0022–006x.71.2.309
  • Stanley , M. A. , Diefenbach , G. J. and Hopko , D. R. 2004 . Cognitive behavioral treatment for older adults with generalized anxiety disorder: A therapist manual for primary care settings . Behavior Modification , 28 : 73 – 117 . doi:10.1177/0145445503259259
  • Stanley , M. A. , Wilson , N. L. , Novy , D. M. , Rhoades , H. M. , Wagener , P. D. , Greisinger , A. J. and Kunik , M. E. 2009 . Cognitive behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder among older adults in primary care: A randomized clinical trial . Journal of the American Medical Association , 301 : 1460 – 1467 . doi:10.1001/jama.2009.458
  • St-Onge , M. , Mercier , P. and De Koninck , J. 2009 . Imagery rehearsal therapy for frequent nightmares in children . Behavioral Sleep Medicine , 7 : 81 – 98 .
  • Tanskanen , A. , Tuomilehto , J. , Viinamaki , H. , Vartiainen , E. , Lehtonen , J. and Puska , P. 2001 . Nightmares as predictors of suicide . Sleep , 24 : 844 – 847 .
  • Tolin , D. F. , Robison , J. T. , Gaztambide , S. and Blank , K. 2005 . Anxiety disorders in older Puerto Rican primary care patients . American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 13 : 150 – 156 . doi:10.1176/appi.ajgp.13.2.150
  • Ware , J. Jr. , Kosinski , M. and Keller , S. D. 1996 . A 12-item short-form health survey: Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity . Medical Care , 34 : 220 – 233 .
  • Wetherell , J. L. , Ayers , C. R. , Sorrell , J. T. , Thorp , S. R. , Nuevo , R. , Belding , W. and Patterson , T. L. 2009 . Modular psychotherapy for anxiety in older primary care patients . American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 17 : 483 – 492 .
  • Wetherell , J. L. , Thorp , S. R. , Patterson , T. L. , Golshan , S. , Jeste , D. V. and Gatz , M. 2004 . Quality of life in geriatric generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary investigation . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 38 : 305 – 312 . doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2003.09.003
  • Wilcox , R. R. 2003 . Applying contemporary statistical techniques. Boston , MA : Academic. .
  • Zadra , A. and Donderi , D. C. 2000 . Nightmares and bad dreams: Their prevalence and relationship to well-being . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 : 273 – 281 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.