Once a refugee: selfie activism, visualized citizenship and the space of appearance

References

• Agamben, G. (1998). Homo Sacer. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Agamben, G. (2000). Means without end: Notes on politics. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, S. (2004). The cultural politics of emotion. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Arendt, H. (1998[1958]). The Human Condition (2nd ed.). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barnard, S. (2016). Spectacles of self(ie) empowerment? Networked individualism and the logic of the (post)feminist selfie. Communication and Information Technologies Annual: [New] Media Cultures Studies in Media and Communications, 11, 63–88.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The logic of connective action: Digital media and the personalization of contentious politics. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 739–768. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2012.670661
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry, M., Garcia-Blanco, I., & Moore, K. (2016). (Eds.) Press coverage of the refugee and migrant crisis in the EU: A content analysis of five european countries. Geneve: United Nations High Comission of Refugees. http://www.unhcr.org/protection/operations/56bb369c9/press-coverage-refugee-migrant-crisis-eu-content-analysis-five-european.html
   Google Scholar
• Brager, J. (2015). The selfie and the other: consuming viral tragedy and social media (After)lives. International Journal of Communication, 9(2015), 1660–1671.
   Google Scholar
• Butler, J. (2004). Precarious Life. New York, NY: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Butler, J. (2011). Bodies in alliance and the politics of the street. Transversal - eipcp multilingial webjournal, 09/2011.
   Google Scholar
• Butler, J. (2015). Notes towards performative theory of assembly. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chouliaraki, L. (2017). Symbolic bordering: The self-representation of migrants and refugees in digital news. Popular Communication, 15(2), 78–94. doi:10.1080/15405702.2017.1281415
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chouliaraki, L., Georgiou, M., & Zaborowski, R. (2017). Project report: The European “migration crisis” and the media: A cross-European press content analysis. LSE. Retrieved from http://www.lse.ac.uk/media@lse/research/Migration-and-the-media.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Chouliaraki, L., & Stolic, T. (2017). Rethinking media responsibility in the refugee ‘crisis’: A visual typology of European news. Media, Culture & Society, 39(8), 1162–1177. doi:10.1177/0163443717726163
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couldry, N. (2010). Why voice matters. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Dean, J. (1996). Solidarity of strangers: feminism after identity politics. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Della Porta, D. (2005). Multiple belongings, tolerant identities and the construction of “another politics”: Between the European social forum and the local social fora. In D. Della Porta & S. Tarrow (Eds.), Transnational protest and global activism (pp. 175–203). Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat. (2016, March). Record number of over 1,2 million first time asylum seekers registered in 2015. Eurostat news release, 4.
   Google Scholar
• Farkas, J., Schou, J., & Neumayer, C. (2017, May 19). Cloaked Facebook pages: Exploring fake Islamist propaganda in social media. New Media & Society, first published.
   Google Scholar
• Fenton, N. (2016). Digital, political, radical. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Fotopoulos, S., & Kaimaklioti, M. (2016). Media discourse on the refugee crisis: On what have the Greek, German and British press focused? European View, 15, 265–279. doi:10.1007/s12290-016-0407-5
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, N. (2013). Fortunes of feminism: From state-managed capitalism to neoliberal crisis. London, UK and New York, NY: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, N. (1992). Rethinking the public sphere: a contribution to the critique of actually existing democracy. In G. Calhoun (Ed.) Habermas and the public sphere (pp. 109–142) Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Georgiou, M. (2018). Does the subaltern speak? Migrant voices in digital Europe. Popular Communication, 16(1), 45–57. doi:10.1080/15405702.2017.1412440
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie, T. (2015, April-June). Platforms intervene. Social Media + Society, 1–2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilroy, P. (2004). After empire: Melancholia or convivial culture? London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Giroux, H. (2015). Selfie culture in the age of corporate and state surveillance. Third Text, 29(3), 155–164. doi:10.1080/09528822.2015.1082339
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, S. (1997). Representation, meaning, and language. In S. Hall (Ed.), Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices (pp. 15–30). London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hemmings, C. (2012). Affective solidarity: feminist reflexivity and political transformation. Feminist Theory, 13(2), 147–161. doi:10.1177/1464700112442643
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hine, C. (2017). Ethnography, social science methods, social media, computer mediated communication. In N. Fielding, R. Lee, & G. Blank (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of online research methods (pp. 401 – 415). London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hochschild, A. (2003[1983]). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Holmes, S., & Castaneda, H. (2016). Representing the “European refugee crisis” in Germany and beyond: Deservingness and difference, life and death. American Ethnologist, 43(1), 12–24. doi:10.1111/amet.12259
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horsti, K. (2016). Visibility without voice: Media witnessing irregular migrants in BBC online news journalism. African Journalism Studies, 37(1), 1–20. doi:10.1080/23743670.2015.1084585
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, R. (2006). Scripting the black masculine body: Identity, discourse, and racial politics in popular media. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jerslev, A., & Mortensen, M. (2016). What is the self in the celebrity selfie? Celebrification, phatic communication and performativity. Celebrity Studies, 7(2), 249–263. doi:10.1080/19392397.2015.1095644
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khazraee, E., & Novak, A. (2018, January-March). Digitally mediated protest: Social media affordances for collective identity construction. Social Media + Society, 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khiabany, G. (2016). Refugee crisis, imperialism and pitiless wars on the poor. Media, Culture & Society, 38(5), 755–762. doi:10.1177/0163443716655093
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraidy, M. (2017). The naked blogger of Cairo: Creative insurgency in the Arab world. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Madianou, M. (2013). Humanitarian campaigns in the social media: Network architectures and polymedia events. Journalism Studies, 14(2), 249–266. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2012.718558
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkki, L. (1996). Speechless emissaries: Refugees, humanitarianism and dehistoricization. Cultural Anthropology, 11(3), 377–404. doi:10.1525/can.1996.11.3.02a00050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, T. H. (1992[1950]). Citizenship and social class. In T. H. Marshall & T. Bottomore (Eds.) (1992), Citizenship and social class. London: Pluto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marwick, A., & Boyd, D. (2010). I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience. New Media & Society, 13(1), 114–133. doi:10.1177/1461444810365313
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matamoros-Fernández, A. (2017). Platformed racism: The mediation and circulation of an Australian race-based controversy on Twitter, Facebook and YouTube. Information, Communication & Society, 20(6), 930–946. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2017.1293130
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxfield, M. (2016). History retweeting itself: Imperial feminist appropriations of ‘Bring Back Our Girls.’. Feminist Media Studies, 16(5), 886–900. doi:10.1080/14680777.2015.1116018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mbembe, A. (2003). Necropolitics. Public Culture, 15(1), 11–40. doi:10.1215/08992363-15-1-11
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meraz, S., & Papacharissi, Z. (2013). Networked Gatekeeping and Networked Framing on #Egypt. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 18(2), 138–166. doi:10.1177/1940161212474472
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melucci, A. (1989). Nomads of the Present. London: Radius.
   Google Scholar
• Mohanty, C. (2003). “Under western eyes” revisited: Feminist solidarity through anticapitalist struggles. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 28(2), 499–535
   Google Scholar
• Nagle, A. (2017). Kill all normies: Online culture wars from 4chan and Tumblr to Trump and the alt-right. Alersford: Zero Books.
   Google Scholar
• Nemer, D., & Freedman, G. (2015). Empowering the marginalized: rethinking selfies in the slums of Brazil. International Journal of Communication, 9(1), 1832-1847.
   Google Scholar
• Nikunen, K. (2019). Media Solidarities: Emotions, power and Justice in the Digital Age. London,UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Papacharissi, Z. (2015). Affective Publics: Sentiment, Technology, Politics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Philo, G., Briant, E., & Donald, P. (2013). Bad news for refugees. London, UK: Pluto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rainio-Niemi, J. (2008). Small state cultures of consensus: state traditions and consensus-seeking in the neo-corporatist and neutrality policies in post-1945 austria and finland. Helsinki: University of Helsinki.
   Google Scholar
• Rheindorf, M., & Wodak, R. (2017). Borders, fences, and limits — Protecting Austria from refugees: Metadiscursive negotiation of meaning in the current refugee crisis. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 16(1–2), 15–38. doi:10.1080/15562948.2017.1302032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Routledge, P. (2012). Sensuous solidarities: Emotion, politics and performance in the clandestine insurgent rebel clown army. Antipode, 44(2), 428–452. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2010.00862.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rovisco, M. (2016). A new ‘Europe from below’? Cosmopolitan citizenship, digital media and the indignados social movement. Comparative European Politics, 14, 435–457. doi:10.1057/cep.2015.30
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandbye, M. (2012). It has not been – It is. The signaletic transformation of photography. Journal of Aesthetics & Culture, 4, 1–10. doi:10.3402/jac.v4i0.18159
   Google Scholar
• Senft, T. M., & Baym, N. K. (2015). What does the selfie say? Investigating a global phenomenon. International Journal of Communication, 9, 1588–1606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spivak, G. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? In C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the interpretation of culture (pp. 271–313). Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stevenson, N. (2014). Human(e) rights and the cosmopolitan imagination: Questions of human dignity and cultural identity. Cultural Sociology, 8(2), 180–196. doi:10.1177/1749975513494879
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thumim, N. (2012). Self-representation and digital culture. London, UK: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Ticktin, M. (2010). From redundancy to recognition: Transnational humanitarianism and the production of non-moderns. In E. Bornstein & P. Redfield (Eds.), Forces of compassion: Humanitarianism between ethics and politics (pp. 175–219). Santa Fe, NM: SAR Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tilly, C. (1993). Contentious repertoires in Great Britain, 1758–1834. Social Science History, 17, 253–280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilly, C., & Tarrow, S. (2007). Contentious politics and social movements. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ugolini, L. (2010). Consumers to combatants? British uniforms and identities, 1914–18. Fashion Theory: the Journal of Dress, Body & Culture, 14(2), 159–182. doi:10.2752/175174110X12665093381540
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dijck, J. (2013). Culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wargo, J. (2017). Every selfie tells a story …: LGBTQ youth lifestreams and new media narratives as connective identity texts. New Media & Society, 19(4), 560–578. doi:10.1177/1461444815612447
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuval-Davis, N. (2006). Belonging and the politics of belonging. Patterns of Prejudice, 40(3), 197–214. doi:10.1080/00313220600769331
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuval-Davis, N. (2013). Citizenship, Autochthony and the Question of Forced Migration. Refugee Studies Quarterly, 32(2), 53-66. doi:10.1093/rsq/hdt007
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., & Hellmüller, L. (2017). Visual framing of the European refugee crisis in Der Spiegel and CNN International: Global journalism in news photographs. The International Communication Gazette, 79(5), 483–510. doi:10.1177/1748048516688134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar