Geographical Distribution of COPD Prevalence in the Americas

References

• GBD 2015 Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators. Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Respir Med. 2017;5:691–706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adeloye D, Chua S, Lee C, Basquill C, Papana A, Theodoratou E, Nair H, Gasevic D, Sridhar D, Campbell H, et al. Global and regional estimates of COPD prevalence: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health. 2015;5:020415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepard D. A two-dimensional interpolation functions for irregularly-spaced data. In: Proceedings of the 1968 23rd ACM national conference. ACM’68, 1968; 517–24. ACM, New York, NY, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Friendly M, Denis DJ. 2001. Milestones in the history of thematic cartography, statistical graphics, and data visualization. Web document, http://www.datavis.ca/milestones/. Accessed: September 22, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Musa GJ, Chiang P-H, Sylk T, Bavley R, Keating W, Lakew B, Tsou H-Ch, Hoven CW. Use of GIS Mapping as a Public Health Tool—From Cholera to Cancer. Health Serv Insights. 2013:6 111–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blanco I, de Serres FJ, Cárcaba V, Lara B, Fernández-Bustillo E. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency PI*Z and PI*S gene frequency distribution using on maps of the world by an Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) multivariate interpolation method. Hepat Mon. 2012;12(10 HCC):e7434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco I, Diego I, Bueno P, Fernández E, Casas-Maldonado F, Esquinas C, Soriano JB, Miravitlles M. Geographical distribution of COPD prevalence in Europe, estimated by an inverse distance weighting interpolation technique. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;13:57–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco I, Bueno P, Diego I, Pérez-Holanda S, Lara B, Casas-Maldonado F, Esquinas C, Miravitlles M. Alpha-1 antitrypsin Pi*SZ genotype: estimated prevalence and number of SZ subjects worldwide. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;12:1683–1694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco I, Bueno P, Diego I, Pérez-Holanda S, Casas-Maldonado F, Esquinas C, Miravitlles M. Alpha-1 antitrypsin Pi*Z gene frequency and Pi*ZZ genotype numbers worldwide: an update. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;12:561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dales RE, Aaron SD, Vandemheen KL, Mehdizadeh A, Clinch J. The prevalence of airflow obstruction in rural primary care. Respir Med. 2006;100:754–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buist AS, McBurnie MA, Vollmer WM, Gillespie S, Burney P, Mannino DM, Menezes AM, Sullivan SD, Lee TA, Weiss KB, et al. International variation in the prevalence of COPD (The BOLD Study): a population–based prevalence study. Lancet. 2007;370:741–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan WC, Bourbeau J, FitzGerald JM, Cowie R, Chapman K, Hernandez P, Buist SA, Sin DD. Can age and sex explain the variation in COPD rates across large urban cities? A population study in Canada. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2011;15:1691–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Hazmi M, Wooldrage K, Anthonisen NR, Becklake MR, Bowie D, Chan-Yeung M, Dimich-Ward H, Ernst P, Manfreda J, Sears MR, et al.. Airflow obstruction in young adults in Canada. Can Respir J. 2007;14:221–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan WC, Lo C, Jong A, Xing L, Fitzgerald MJ, Vollmer WM, Buist SA, Sin DD; Vancouver Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) Research Group. Marijuana and chronic obstructive lung disease: a population–based study. CMAJ. 2009;180:814–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill K, Goldstein RS, Guyatt GH, Blouin M, Tan WC, Davis LL, Heels-Ansdell DM, Erak M, Bragaglia PJ, Tamari IE, et al. Prevalence and underdiagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients at risk in primary care. CMAJ. 2010;182:673–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saad N, Sedeno M, Metz K, Bourbeau J. Early COPD Diagnosis in Family Medicine Practice: How to Implement Spirometry? Int J Family Med. 2014;2014:962901.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Evans J, Chen Y, Camp PG, Bowie DM, McRae L. Estimating the prevalence of COPD in Canada: Reported diagnosis versus measured airflow obstruction. Health Rep. 2014;25:3–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannino DM, Gagnon RC, Petty TL, Lydick E. Obstructive lung disease and low lung function in adults in the United States: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:1683–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hnizdo E, Sullivan PA, Bang KM, Wagner G. Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and employment by industry and occupation in the US population: a study of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:738–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celli BR, Halbert RJ, Isonaka S, Schau B. Population impact of different definitions of airway obstruction. Eur Respir J. 2003;22:268–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Methvin JN, Mannino DM, Casey BR. COPD prevalence in southeastern Kentucky: the burden of lung disease study. Chest. 2009;135:102–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaz Fragoso CA, Concato J, McAvay G, Van Ness PH, Rochester CL, Yaggi HK, Gill TM. The Ratio of FEV1 to FVC as a basis for establishing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181:446–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford ES, Mannino DM, Wheaton AG, Giles WH, Presley–Cantrell L, Croft JB. Trends in the prevalence of obstructive and restrictive lung function among adults in the United States: findings from the national health and nutrition examination surveys from 1988–1994 to 2007–2010. Chest. 2013;143:1395–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilert T, Dillon C, Paulose-Ram R, Hnizdo E, Doney B. Estimating the U.S. prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. Respir Res. 2013;14:103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz-Guzman E, Mannino DM. Epidemiology and prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Chest Med. 2014;35:7–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doney B, Hnizdo E, Dillon CF, Paulose-Ram R, Tilert T, Wolz M, Beeckman-Wagner LA. Prevalence of Airflow Obstruction in U.S. Adults Aged 40-79 Years: NHANES Data 1988-1994 and 2007-2010. COPD. 2015;12:355–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laniado-Laborin R, Rendon A, Bauerle O. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease case finding in Mexico in an at risk population. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2011;15:818–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menezes AM, Perez-Padilla R, Jardim JR, Muiño A, Lopez MV, Valdivia G, Montes de Oca M, Talamo C, Hallal PC, Victora CG, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in five Latin American cities (the PLATINO study): a prevalence study. Lancet. 2005;366:1875–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menezes A, Macedo SC, Gigante DP, da Costa JD, Olinto MT, Fiss E, Chatkin M, Hallal PC, Victora CG. Prevalence and risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to symptoms and spirometry. COPD. 2004;1:173–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Echazarreta AL, Arias SJ, Del Olmo R, Giugno ER, Colodenco FD, Arce SC, Bossio JC, Armando G, Soriano JB; Grupo de estudio EPOC.AR. Prevalence of COPD in 6 Urban Clusters in Argentina: The EPOC.AR Study. [Article in English, Spanish] Arch Bronconeumol. 2018;54:260–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobrino E, Irazola VE, Gutierrez L, Chen CS, Lanas F, Calandrelli M, Ponzo J, Mores N, Serón P, Lee A, et al. Estimating prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Southern Cone of Latin America: how different spirometric criteria may affect disease burden and health policies. BMC Pulm Med. 2017;17:187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caballero A, Torres-Duque CA, Jaramillo C, Bolívar F, Sanabria F, Osorio P, Orduz C, Guevara DP, Maldonado D. Prevalence of COPD in five Colombian cities situated at low, medium, and high altitude (PREPOCOL study). Chest. 2008;133:343–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaganath D, Miranda JJ, Gilman RH, Wise RA, Diette GB, Miele CH, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Checkley W; CRONICAS Cohort Study Group. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and variation in risk factors across four geographically diverse resource-limited settings in Peru. Respir Res. 2015;16:40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croft JB, Lu H, Zhang X, Holt JB. Geographic Accessibility of Pulmonologists for Adults with COPD: United States, 2013. Chest. 2016;150:544–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croft JB, Wheaton AG, Liu Y, Xu F, Lu H, Matthews KA, Cunningham TJ, Wang Y, Holt JB. Urban-rural county and state differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67:205–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakke PS, Rönmark E, Eagan T, Pistelli F, Annesi-Maesano I, Maly M, Meren M, Vermeire Dagger P, Vestbo J, Viegi G, et al. Recommendations for epidemiological studies on COPD. Eur Respir J. 2011;38:1261–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Río F, Soriano JB, Miravitlles M, Muñoz L, Duran-Tauleria E, Sánchez G, Sobradillo V, Ancochea J. Overdiagnosing subjects with COPD using the 0.7 fixed ratio: correlation with a poor health-related quality of life. Chest 2011; 139: 1072–1080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar