Prevalence of Airflow Obstruction as Measured by Spirometry, in Rural Southern Indian Adults

References

• GBD 2015 Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators. Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Respir Med. 2017;5(9):691–706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative CRD Collaborators. The burden of chronic respiratory diseases and their heterogeneity across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(12):e1363–e1374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burney P, Jithoo A, Kato B, et al. Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) Study. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality and prevalence: the associations with smoking and poverty-a BOLD analysis. Thorax. 2014;69(5):465–473. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, et al. Indian study on epidemiology of asthma, respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis in adults (INSEARCH). Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2012;16(9):1270–1277. doi:10.5588/ijtld.12.0005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar P, Pattabi K, Vadivoo S, et al. A cross-sectional study on prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in India: rationale and methods. BMJ Open. 2017;7(5):e015211. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oommen AM, Abraham VJ, George K, et al. Rising trend of cardiovascular risk factors between 1991-94 and 2010–12: a repeat cross-sectional survey in urban and rural Vellore. Indian Heart J. 2016;68(3):263–269. doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2015.09.014.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKay AJ, Mahesh PA, Fordham JZ, et al. Prevalence of COPD in India: a systematic review. Prim Care Respir J. 2012;21(3):313–321. doi:10.4104/pcrj.2012.00055.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• World Health Organisation. STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance. Available from: https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/en/
   Google Scholar
• Burney PG, Laitinen LA, Perdrizet S, et al. Validity and repeatability of the IUATLD (1984) Bronchial Symptoms Questionnaire: an international comparison. Eur Respir J. 1989;2(10):940–945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones PW, Harding G, Berry P, et al. Development and first validation of the COPD Assessment Test. Eur Respir J. 2009;34(3):648–654. Sepdoi:10.1183/09031936.00102509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Spirometry for health care providers. Available from: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/GOLD_Spirometry_2010.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Pandey V, Aggarwal P, Kakkar R. Modified BG Prasads Socio-economic Classification-2018: the need of an update in the present scenario. Indian J Community Health. 2018; 30(1):82–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Padilla R, Vazquez-Garcia JC, Marquez MN, et al. The long-term stability of portable spirometers used in a multinational study of the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Care. 2006; 51:1167–1171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, et al. ATS/ERS task force standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(2):319–338. doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00034805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vollmer WM, Gíslason T, Burney P, et al. Comparison of spirometry criteria for the diagnosis of COPD: results from the BOLD study. Eur Respir J. 2009;34(3):588–597. doi:10.1183/09031936.00164608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quanger PH, Stanojevic S, Cole TJ, et al. Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations. Eur Respir J. 2012; 40(6):1324–1343. doi:10.1183/09031936.00080312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quanger PH, Pretto JJ, Brazzale DJ, et al. Grading the severity of airways obstruction: new wine in new bottles. Eur Respir J. 2014;43:505–512. doi:10.1183/09031936.00086313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Revised 2014 Vancouver, GINA, 2014. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
   Google Scholar
• Johnson JD, Theurer WM. A stepwise approach to the interpretation of pulmonary function tests. Am Fam Physician. 2014;89(5):359–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. Census of India 2011. Available from: http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB.html
   Google Scholar
• Çolak Y, Afzal S, Nordestgaard BG, et al. Prognosis of asymptomatic and symptomatic, undiagnosed COPD in the general population in Denmark: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2017;5(5):426–434. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30119-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guirguis-Blake JM, Senger CA, Webber EM, et al. Screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. preventive services task force [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2016. (Evidence Syntheses, No. 130.) Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK361185/
   Google Scholar
• Ho T, Cusack RP, Chaudhary N, et al. Under- and over-diagnosis of COPD: a global perspective. Breathe. 2019;15(1):24–35. doi:10.1183/20734735.0346-2018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller MR, Levy ML. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: missed diagnosis versus misdiagnosis. BMJ. 2015; 351:h3021doi:10.1136/bmj.h3021.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sator L, Horner A, Studnicka M, et al. Overdiagnosis of COPD in subjects with unobstructed spirometry: a BOLD analysis. Chest. 2019;156(2):277–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terzikhan N, Verhamme KM, Hofman A, et al. Prevalence and incidence of COPD in smokers and non-smokers: the Rotterdam Study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2016;31(8):785–792. doi:10.1007/s10654-016-0132-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalkana T, Moitra S, Jindal SK, et al. Increasing burden of COPD in rural India: an example why India warrants primary healthcare reforms. ERJ Open Res. 2016;2(2):00032-2016. doi:10.1183/23120541.00032-2016.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Government of India, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. Environment, air pollution. Available from: http://moef.gov.in/environment/pollution/
   Google Scholar