3,393
Views
107
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Heavy Metals Removal Using Adsorption and Nanofiltration Techniques

, &
Pages 209-259 | Received 15 Oct 2010, Accepted 24 Jan 2011, Published online: 30 Mar 2011

REFERENCES

  • Ghodbane , I. , Nouri , L. , Hamdaoui , O. and Chiha , M. 2008 . Kinetic and equilibrium study for the sorption of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous phase by eucalyptus bark . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 152 : 148 – 158 .
  • Volesky , B. 1990 . Biosorption of Heavy Metals , Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
  • Ngah , W. S. W. and Hanafiah , M. 2008 . Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by chemically modified plant wastes as adsorbents: A review . Bioresource Technology , 99 : 3935 – 3948 .
  • Blocher , C. , Dorda , J. , Mavrov , V. , Chmiel , H. , Lazaridis , N. K. and Matis , K. A. 2003 . Hybrid flotation - membrane filtration process for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater . Water Research , 37 : 4018 – 4026 .
  • Sudilovskiy , P. S. , Kagramanov , G. G. and Kolesnikov , V. A. 2008 . Use of RO and NF for treatment of copper containing wastewaters in combination with flotation . Desalination , 221 : 192 – 201 .
  • Nguyen , V. T. , Vigneswaran , S. , Ngo , H. H. , Shon , H. K. and Kandasamy , J. 2009 . Arsenic removal by a membrane hybrid filtration system . Desalination , 236 : 363 – 369 .
  • Hammer , J. 1996 . Water and wastewater technology , Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice-Hall Inc .
  • Balkaya , N. and Cesur , H. 2008 . Adsorption of cadmium from aqueous solution by phosphogypsum . Chemical Engineering Journal , 140 : 247 – 254 .
  • Leyva-Ramos , R. , Rangel-Mendoza-Baron , J. R. , Fuentes-Rubio , L. and Guerrero-Coronado , R. M. 1997 . Adsorption of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution onto activated carbon . water Sci. Technol. , 35 : 205 – 210 .
  • Baird , C. and Cann , M. 2008 . Environmental Chemistry , New York : W.H. Freeman and Company .
  • WHO . 2003 . Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Chemical Facts sheets. , [Accessed 24 June 2010]
  • Kurniawan , T. A. and Babel , S. A research study on Cr(VI) removal from contaminated wastewater using low cost adsorbents and commercial activated carbon . Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference on Energy Technology Towards a clean Environment (RCETE) . Phuket, Thailand.
  • Xuejiang , W. , Ling , C. , Siqing , X. , Jianfu , Z. , Chovelon , J.-M. and Renault , N. J. 2006 . Biosorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution by dried activated sludge . Minerals Engineering , 19 : 968 – 971 .
  • Ozer , A. , Ozer , D. , Dursun , G. and Bulak , S. 1999 . Cadmium(II) adsorption on Cladophora crispata in batch stirred reactors in series . Waste Management , 19 : 233 – 240 .
  • Alasheh , S. and Duvnjak , Z. 1995 . Adsorption of Copper and Chromium by Aspergillus-Carbonarius . Biotechnology Progress , 11 : 638 – 642 .
  • Al-Qodah , Z. 2006 . Biosorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by activated sludge . Desalination , 196 : 164 – 176 .
  • Chang , Y. K. , Chang , J. E. , Lin , T. T. and Hsu , Y. M. 2002 . Integrated copper-containing wastewater treatment using xanthate process . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 94 : 89 – 99 .
  • Gulnaz , O. , Saygideger , S. and Kusvuran , E. 2005 . Study of Cu(II) biosorption by dried activated sludge: effect of physico-chemical environment and kinetics study . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 120 : 193 – 200 .
  • Sud , D. , Mahajan , G. and Kaur , M. P. 2008 . Agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions—A review . Bioresource Technology , 99 : 6017 – 6027 .
  • Julkunen-Tiitto , R. 1985 . Phenolic constituents in the leaves of Northern Willows: Methods for the analysis of certain phenolics . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 33 : 213 – 217 .
  • Ibrahim , S. C. , Hanafiah , M. A. K. M. and Yahya , M. Z. A. 2006 . removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto sugarcane bagasse . American-Eurasian J. Agri. and Environ. Sci. , 1 : 179 – 184 .
  • Minamisawa , M. , Nakajima , S. , Minamisawa , H. , Yoshida , S. and Takai , N. 2005 . Removal of Copper(II) and Cadmium(II) from Water using Coffee Roasted Beans , Berlin Heidelberg, , Germany : Springer-Verlag .
  • Jamali , A. A. , Mahvi , A. H. and Nazmara , S. 2009 . Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by hazel nut shell . World Applied Sciences Journal , 5 : 16 – 20 .
  • Sen , T. K. and Sarzali , M. V. 2008 . Removal of cadmium metal ion (Cd2+) from its aqueous solution by aluminium oxide (Al2O3): A kinetic and equilibrium study . Chemical Engineering Journal , 142 : 256 – 262 .
  • Katsumata , H. , Kaneco , S. , Inomata , K. , Itoh , K. , Funasaka , K. , Masuyama , K. , Suzuki , T. and Ohta , K. 2003 . Removal of heavy metals in rinsing wastewater from plating factory by adsorption with economical viable materials . Journal of Environmental Management , 69 : 187 – 191 .
  • Kalfa , O. M. , Yalçinkaya , Ö. and Türker , A. R. 2008 . Synthesis of nano B2O3/TiO2 composite material as a new solid phase extractor and its application to preconcentration and separation of cadmium . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 166 : 455 – 461 .
  • Ismail , A. A. , El-Midany , A. A. , Ibrahim , I. A. and Matsunaga , H. 2008 . Heavy metal removal using SiO2-TiO2 binary oxide: Experimental design approach . Adsorption-Journal of the International Adsorption Society , 14 : 21 – 29 .
  • Aguado , J. , Arsuaga , J. M. , Arencibia , A. , Lindo , M. and Gascón , V. 2008 . Aqueous heavy metals removal by adsorption on amine-functionalized mesoporous silica . J. Hazard. Mater , 163 : 213 – 221 .
  • Liu , J. F. , Zhao , Z. S. and Jiang , G. B. 2008 . Coating Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with humic acid for high efficient removal of heavy metals in water . Environmental Science and Technology , 42 : 6949 – 6954 .
  • Sarı , A. and Tuzen , M. 2008 . Kinetic and equilibrium studies of biosorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution by macrofungus (Amanita rubescens) biomass . J. Hazardous Materials , 164 : 1004 – 1011 .
  • Zhang , Q. R. , Pan , B. C. , Pan , B. J. , Zhang , W. M. , Jia , K. and Zhang , Q. X. 2008 . Selective sorption of lead, cadmium and zinc ions by a polymeric cation exchanger containing nano-Zr(HPO3S)(2) . Environmental Science and Technology , 42 : 4140 – 4145 .
  • Bruggen , B. and Vandecasteele , C. 2003 . Removal of pollutants from surface water and groundwater by nanofiltration: overview of possible applications in the drinking water industry . Environmental Pollution , 122 : 435 – 445 .
  • Bowen , W. R. , Mohammad , A. W. and Hilal , N. 1997 . Characterisation of nanofiltration membranes for predictive purposes — Use of salts, uncharged solutes and atomic force microscopy . Journal of Membrane Science , 126 : 91 – 105 .
  • Schäfer , A. I. , Akanyeti , I. and Semião , A. J. C. 2010 . Micropollutant sorption to membrane polymers: A review of mechanisms for estrogens . Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, doi:10.1016/j.cis.2010.09.006. ,
  • Diawara , C. K. , Lo , S. M. , Rumeau , M. , Pontie , M. and Sarr , O. 2003 . A phenomenological mass transfer approach in nanofiltration of halide ions for a selective defluorination of brackish drinking water . Journal of Membrane Science , 219 : 103 – 112 .
  • Diawara , C. K. 2008 . Nanofiltration process efficiency in water desalination . Separation and Purification Reviews , 37 : 303 – 325 .
  • Linde , K. and Jonsson , A.S. 1995 . Nanofiltration of salt solutions and landfill leachate . Desalination , 103 : 223 – 232 .
  • Pontie , M. , Dach , H. , Leparc , J. , Hafsi , M. and Lhassani , A. 2008 . Novel approach combining physico-chemical characterizations and mass transfer modelling of nanofiltration and low pressure reverse osmosis membranes for brackish water desalination intensification . Desalination , 221 : 174 – 191 .
  • Abu Qdais , H. and Moussa , H. 2004 . Removal of heavy metals from wastewater by membrane processes . A comparative study, Desalination , 164 : 105 – 110 .
  • Kurniawan , T. A. , Chan , G. Y. S. , Lo , W. H. and Babel , S. 2006 . Physico-chemical treatment techniques for wastewater laden with heavy metals . Chemical Engineering Journal , 118 : 83 – 98 .
  • Borah , D. , Satokawa , S. , Kato , S. and Kojima , T. 2009 . Sorption of As(V) from aqueous solution using acid modified carbon black . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 162 : 1269 – 1277 .
  • Liptrot , G.F. 1992 . Modern Inorganic Chemistry , Collins Educational .
  • Agency , U.S.E.p. 2010 . Arsenic rule. , [Accessed 11 June 2010]
  • Budinova , T. , Savova , D. , Tsyntsarski , B. , Ania , C. O. , Cabal , B. , Parra , J.B. and Petrov , N. 2009 . Biomass waste-derived activated carbon for the removal of arsenic and manganese ions from aqueous solutions . Applied Surface Science , 255 : 4650 – 4657 .
  • Pandey , P. K. , Choubey , S. , Verma , Y. , Pandey , M. and Chandrashekhar , K. 2009 . Biosorptive removal of arsenic from drinking water . Bioresource Technology , 100 : 634 – 637 .
  • Cornejo , L. , Lienqueo , H. , Arenas , M. , Acarapi , J. , Contreras , D. , Yanez , J. and Mansilla , H.D. 2008 . In field arsenic removal from natural water by zero-valent iron assisted by solar radiation . Environmental Pollution , 156 : 827 – 831 .
  • Murugesan , G. S. , Sathishkumar , M. and Swaminathan , K. 2006 . Arsenic removal from groundwater by pretreated waste tea fungal biomass . Bioresource Technology , 97 : 483 – 487 .
  • Amin , N. , Kaneco , S. , Kitagawa , T. , Begum , A. , Katsumata , H. , Suzuki , T. and Ohta , K. 2006 . Removal of arsenic in aqueous solutions by adsorption onto waste rice husk . Ind. Eng. Chem. Res , 45 : 8105 – 8110 .
  • Ghimire , K. N. , Inoue , K. , Makino , K. and Miyajima , T. 2002 . Adsorptive removal of arsenic using orange juice residue . Sep. Sci. Technol. , 37 : 2785 – 2799 .
  • Guo , H. , Stüben , D. , Berner , Z. and Yu , Q. 2008 . Characteristics of arsenic adsorption from aqueous solution: Effect of arsenic species and natural adsorbents . Applied Geochemistry , 24 : 657 – 663 .
  • Raven , K. P. , Jain , A. and Loeppert , R. H. 1998 . Arsenite and arsenate adsorption on ferrihydrite: Kinetics, equilibrium, and adsorption envelopes . Environmental Science and Technology , 32 : 344 – 349 .
  • Pena , M. , Meng , X. G. , Korfiatis , G. P. and Jing , C.Y. 2006 . Adsorption mechanism of arsenic on nanocrystalline titanium dioxide . Environmental Science and Technology , 40 : 1257 – 1262 .
  • Gupta , K. and Ghosh , U. C. 2009 . Arsenic removal using hydrous nanostructure iron(III)-titanium(IV) binary mixed oxide from aqueous solution . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 161 : 884 – 892 .
  • Pokhrel , D. and Viraraghavan , T. 2008 . Organic arsenic removal from an aqueous solution by iron oxide-coated fungal biomass: An analysis of factors influencing adsorption . Chemical Engineering Journal , 140 : 165 – 172 .
  • Pokhrel , D. and Viraraghavan , T. 2006 . Arsenic removal from an aqueous solution by a modified fungal biomass . Water Research , 40 : 549 – 552 .
  • White , B. R. , Stackhouse , B. T. and Holcombe , J. A. 2009 . Magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles coated with poly-l-cysteine for chelation of As(III), Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 161 : 848 – 853 .
  • Choong , T. S. Y. , Chuah , T. G. , Robiah , Y. , Koay , F. L. G. and Azni , I. 2007 . Arsenic toxicity, health hazards and removal techniques from water: An overview . Desalination , 217 : 139 – 166 .
  • Duas , B. , Wennrich , R. and Weiss , H. 2004 . Sorption materials for arsenic removal from water: A comparative study . Water Research , 38 : 2948 – 2954 .
  • Borah , D. , Satokawa , S. , Kato , S. and Kojima , T. 2008 . Surface modified carbon black for As(V) removal . Journal of Colloid Interface Science , 319 : 53 – 68 .
  • Chen , Y. N. , Chai , L. Y. and Shu , Y. D. 2008 . Study of arsenic(V) adsorption on bone char from aqueous solution . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 160 : 168 – 172 .
  • Guerra , D. L. , Pinto , A. A. , Airoldi , C. and Viana , R. R. 2008 . Adsorption of arsenic(III) into modified lamellar Na-magadiite in aqueous medium—Thermodynamics of adsorption process . Journal of Solid State Chemistry , 181 : 3374 – 3379 .
  • Wang , S.-L. , Liu , C. H. , Wang , M. K. , Chuang , Y. H. and Chiang , P. N. 2009 . Arsenate adsorption by Mg/Al-NO3 layered double hydroxides with varying the Mg/Al ratio . Applied Clay Science , 43 : 79 – 85 .
  • Bhattacharyya , K. G. and Sen Gupta , S. 2008 . Adsorption of a few heavy metals on natural and modified kaolinite and montmorillonite: A review . Advances in Colloid and Interface Science , 140 : 114 – 131 .
  • Mondal , P. , Majumder , C. B. and Mohanty , B. 2008 . Treatment of arsenic contaminated water in a laboratory scale up-flow bio-column reactor . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 153 : 136 – 145 .
  • Rahman , M. A. , Hasegawa , H. , Ueda , K. , Maki , T. and Rahman , M. M. 2008 . Arsenic uptake by aquatic macrophyte Spirodela polyrhiza L.: Interactions with phosphate and iron . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 160 : 356 – 361 .
  • Chutia , P. , Kato , S. , Kojima , T. and Satokawa , S. 2009 . Adsorption of As(V) on surfactant-modified natural zeolites . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 162 : 204 – 211 .
  • Yusof , A. M. and Malek , N. A. N. N. 2009 . Removal of Cr(VI) and As(V) from aqueous solutions by HDTMA-modified zeolite Y . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 162 : 1019 – 1024 .
  • Yavuz , C. T. , Mayo , J. T. , Suchecki , C. , Wang , J. , Ellsworth , A. Z. , D'Couto , H. , Quevedo , E. , Prakash , A. , Gonzalez , L. , Nguyen , C. , Kelty , C. and Colvin , V. L. 2000 . Pollution magnet: Nano–magnetite for arsenic removal from drinking water . Environmental Geochemistry and Health , 32 : 327 – 334 .
  • Waypa , J. J. , Elimelech , M. and Hering , J. G. 1997 . Arsenic removal by RO and NF membranes . Journal American Water Works Association , 89 : 102 – 114 .
  • Urase , T. , Oh , J. and Yamamoto , K. 1998 . Effect of pH on rejection of different species of arsenic by nanofiltration . Desalination , 117 : 11 – 18 .
  • Brandhuber , P. and Amy , G. 1998 . Alternative methods for membrane filtration of arsenic from drinking water . Desalination , 117 : 1 – 10 .
  • Seidel , A. , Waypa , J. J. and Elimelech , M. 2001 . Role of charge (Donnan) exclusion in removal of arsenic from water by a negatively charged porous nanofiltration membrane . Environmental Engineering Science , 18 : 105 – 113 .
  • Sato , Y. , Kang , M. , Kamei , T. and Magara , Y. 2002 . Performance of nanofiltration for arsenic removal . Water Research , 36 : 3371 – 3377 .
  • Figoli , A. , Cassano , A. , Criscuoli , A. , Mozumder , M. S. I. , Uddin , M. T. , Islam , M. A. and Drioli , E. 2010 . Influence of operating parameters on the arsenic removal by nanofiltration . Water Research , 44 : 97 – 104 .
  • Bey , S. , Criscuoli , A. , Figoli , A. , Leopold , A. , Simone , S. , Benamor , M. and Drioli , E. 2010 . Removal of As(V) by PVDF hollow fibers membrane contactors using Aliquat-336 as extractant . Desalination , 264 : 193 – 200 .
  • Assembly of Life Sciences, U.S . 1977 . Copper: Medical and Biological Effects Of Environmental Pollutants , Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences .
  • Sengil , I. A. , Ozacar , M. and Turkmenler , H. 2009 . Kinetic and isotherm studies of Cu(II) biosorption onto valonia tannin resin . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 162 : 1046 – 1052 .
  • Rao , M. M. , Ramesh , A. , Rao , G. P. C. and Seshaiah , K. 2006 . Removal of copper and cadmium from the aqueous solutions by activated carbon derived from Ceiba pentandra hulls . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 129 : 123 – 129 .
  • Rao , M. M. , Ramana , D. K. , Seshaiah , K. , Wang , M. C. and Chien , S. W. C. 2009 . Removal of some metal ions by activated carbon prepared from Phaseolus aureus hulls . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 166 : 1006 – 1013 .
  • Mohan , S. and Sreelakshmi , G. 2008 . Fixed bed column study for heavy metal removal using phosphate treated rice husk . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 153 : 75 – 82 .
  • Wong , K. K. , Lee , C. K. , Low , K. S. and Haron , M. J. 2002 . Removal of Cu and Pb using tataric acid modified rice husks . Chemospere , 50 : 23 – 28 .
  • Wong , K. K. , Lee , C. K. , Low , K. S. and Haron , M. J. 2003 . Removal of Cu and Pb from electroplating wastewater using tartaric acid modified rice husk . Process Biochemistry , 39 : 437 – 445 .
  • Zheng , W. , Li , X. M. , Wang , F. , Yang , Q. , Deng , P. and Zeng , G. M. 2008 . Adsorption removal of cadmium and copper from aqueous solution by areca— A food waste . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 157 : 490 – 495 .
  • Amarasinghe , B. and Williams , R.A. 2007 . Tea waste as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu and Pb from wastewater . Chemical Engineering Journal , 132 : 299 – 309 .
  • Sciban , M. , Klasnja , M. and Skrbic , B. 2006 . Modified softwood sawdust as adsorbent of heavy metal ions from water . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 136 : 266 – 271 .
  • Shukla , A. , Zhang , Y.-H. , Dubey , P., J.L and Shukla , S.S. 2002 . The role of saw dust in the removal of unwanted materials from water . Journal of Hazardous Materials , B95 : 137 – 152 .
  • Sun , G. and Shi , W. X. 1998 . Sunflower stalks as adsorbents for the removal of metal ions from wastewater . Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research , 37 : 1324 – 1328 .
  • Horsfall , M. , Abia , A. A. and Spiff , A. I. 2003 . Removal of Cu(II)and Zn(II) ions from waste water by cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz) waste biomass . African Journal of Biotechnology , 2 : 360 – 364 .
  • Iftikhar , A. R. , Bhatti , H. N. , Hanif , M. A. and Nadeem , R. 2009 . Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of Cu(II) and Cr(III) removal from aqueous solutions using rose waste biomass . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 161 : 941 – 947 .
  • Liang , P. , Qin , Y. C. , Hu , B. , Peng , T. Y. and Jiang , Z. C. 2001 . Nanometer-size titanium dioxide microcolumn on-line preconcentration of trace metals and their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry in water . Analytica Chimica Acta , 440 : 207 – 213 .
  • Yavuz , O. , Altunkaynak , Y. and Guzel , F. 2003 . Removal of copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese from aqueous solution by kaolinite . Water Research , 37 : 948 – 952 .
  • Liu , Y. , Liang , P. and Guo , L. 2005 . Nanometer titanium dioxide immobilized on silica gel as sorbent for preconcentration of metal ions prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry . Talanta , 68 : 25 – 30 .
  • Huang , S. H. and Chen , D. H. 2009 . Rapid removal of heavy metal cations and anions from aqueous solutions by an amino-functionalized magnetic nano-adsorbent . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 163 : 174 – 179 .
  • Zhou , Y. T. , Nie , H. L. , Branford-White , C. , He , Z. Y. and Zhu , L. M. 2009 . Removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solution by chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles modified with alpha-ketoglutaric acid . Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 330 : 29 – 37 .
  • Xue , Y. J. , Hou , H. B. and Zhu , S. J. 2009 . Competitive adsorption of copper(II), cadmium(II), lead(II) and zinc(II) onto basic oxygen furnace slag . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 162 : 391 – 401 .
  • Tanninen , J. , Platt , S. , Weis , A. and Nystrom , M. 2004 . Long-term acid resistance and selectivity of NF membranes in very acidic conditions . Journal of Membrane Science , 240 : 11 – 18 .
  • Chaabane , T. , Taha , S. , Ahmed , M. T. , Maachi , R. and Dorange , G. 2006 . Removal of copper from industrial effluent using a spiral wound module — Film theory and hydrodynamic approach . Desalination , 200 : 403 – 405 .
  • Castelblanque , J. and Salimbeni , F. 2004 . NF and RO membranes for the recovery and reuse of water and concentrated metallic salts from waste water produced in the electroplating process . Desalination , 167 : 65 – 73 .
  • Tekerlekopoulou , A. G. , Vasiliadou , I. A. and Vayenas , D. V. 2008 . Biological manganese removal from potable water using trickling filters . Biochemical Engineering Journal , 38 : 292 – 301 .
  • Teng , Z. , Huang , J.Y. , Fujita , K. and Takizawa , S. 2001 . Manganese removal by hollow fiber micro-filter. Membrane separation for drinking water . Desalination , 139 : 411 – 418 .
  • Howe , P. , Malcolm , H. and Dobson , S. 2004 . Manganese and its compounds: Environmental aspects , Edited by: Programme , U.N.E. , Organisation , I.L. and Organization , W.H. Geneva : World Health Organization .
  • Sigel , A. and Sigel , H. 2000 . Manganese and its Role in Biological Processes, Metal Ions in Biological Systems , New York : Marcel Dekker, Inc .
  • Guzel , F. , Yakut , H. and Topal , G. 2008 . Determination of kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the batch adsorption of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution by black carrot (Daucus carota L.) residues . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 153 : 1275 – 1287 .
  • Gang , C. , Zucheng , J. , You , P. T. and Bin , H. 2003 . Preparation of high-specific -surface-area nanometer-sized alumina by sol-gel method and study on adsorption behaviors of transition metal ions on the alumina powder with ICP-AES . Acta Chimica Sinica , 61 : 100 – 103 .
  • Vassileva , E. , Varimezova , B. and Hadjiivanov , K. 1996 . Column solid-phase extraction of heavy metal ions on a high surface area CeO2 as a preconcentration method for trace determination . Analytica Chimica Acta , 336 : 141 – 150 .
  • Garcia-Mendieta , A. , Solache-Rios , M. and Olguin , M. T. 2009 . Evaluation of the sorption properties of a Mexican clinoptilolite-rich tuff for iron, manganese and iron-manganese systems . Microporous and Mesoporous Materials , 118 : 489 – 495 .
  • Taffarel , S. R. and Rubio , J. 2009 . On the removal of Mn2+ ions by adsorption onto natural and activated Chilean zeolites . Minerals Engineering , 22 : 336 – 343 .
  • Silva , R. M. P. , Rodriguez , A. A. , De Oca , J. and Moreno , D. C. 2009 . Biosorption of chromium, copper, manganese and zinc by Pseudomonas aeruginosa AT18 isolated from a site contaminated with petroleum . Bioresource Technology , 100 : 1533 – 1538 .
  • Renman , A. , Renman , G. , Gustafsson , J. P. and Hylander , L. 2009 . Metal removal by bed filter materials used in domestic wastewater treatment . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 166 : 734 – 739 .
  • Lipp , P. and Baldauf , G. 1996 . Nanofiltration in combination with limestone filtration for treating a soft spring water containing high amounts of humic substances . Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica , 24 : 267 – 276 .
  • Ericsson , B. , Hallberg , M. and Wachenfeldt , J. 1996 . Nanofiltration of highly colored raw water for drinking water production . Desalination , 108 : 129 – 141 .
  • Soares , M. D. C. V. , Bertrand , M. D. A. , Lemos , F. D. A. and Masson , I. O. D. C. 2005 . “ Removal of lead, cadmium and zinc from industrial effluent using nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes ” . In International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment Rio de Janeiro, Junho
  • Guruswamy , S. 2000 . Engineering Properties and Application of Lead Alloys , Marcel Dekker, Inc .
  • Nurchi , V. M. and Villaescusa , I. 2008 . Agricultural biomasses as sorbents of some trace metals . Coordination Chemistry Reviews , 252 : 1178 – 1188 .
  • Bailey , S. E. , Olin , T. J. , Bricka , R. M. and Adrian , D. D. 1999 . A review of potentially low-cost sorbents for heavy metals . Water Research , 33 : 2469 – 2479 .
  • Arslanoglu , H. , Altundogan , H. S. and Tumen , F. 2008 . Heavy metals binding properties of esterified lemon . J. Hazardous Materials , 164 : 1406 – 1413 .
  • Chaari , I. , Fakhfakh , E. , Chakroun , S. , Bouzid , J. , Boujelben , N. , Feki , M. , Rocha , F. and Jamoussi , F. 2008 . Lead removal from aqueous solutions by a Tunisian smectitic clay . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 156 : 545 – 551 .
  • Adebowale , K. O. , Unuabonah , E. I. and Olu-Owolabi , B. I. 2008 . Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions on tripolyphosphate-modified kaolinite clay . Chemical Engineering Journal , 136 : 99 – 107 .
  • Eren , E. , Afsin , B. and Onal , Y. 2009 . Removal of lead ions by acid activated and manganese oxide-coated bentonite . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 161 : 677 – 685 .
  • Apiratikul , R. and Pavasant , P. 2008 . Batch and column studies of biosorption of heavy metals by Caulerpa lentillifera . Bioresource Technology , 99 : 2766 – 2777 .
  • Elouear , Z. , Bouzid , J. , Boujelben , N. , Feki , M. , Jamoussi , F. and Montiel , A. 2008 . Heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions by activated phosphate rock . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 156 : 412 – 420 .
  • Ozdes , D. , Gundogdu , A. , Kemer , B. , Duran , C. , Senturk , H. B. and Soylak , M. 2009 . Removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by a waste mud from copper mine industry: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 166 : 1480 – 1487 .
  • Sayed , S. , Tarek , S. , Dijkstra , I. and Moerman , C. 2007 . Optimum operation conditions of direct capillary nanofiltration for wastewater treatment . Desalination , 214 : 215 – 226 .
  • Vilar , V. J. P. , Martins , R. J. E. , Botelho , C. M. S. and Boaventura , R. A. R. 2009 . Removal of Cu and Cr from an industrial effluent using a packed-bed column with algae Gelidium-derived material . Hydrometallurgy , 96 : 42 – 46 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.