Adsorption of Cationic Dyes onto Bentonite

REFERENCES

• İyim, T.B. and Güçlü, G. (2009) Removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions using natural clay. Desalination, 249: 1377–1379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koswojo, R., Utomo, R.P., Ju, Y.-H., Ayucitra, A., Soetaredjo, F.E., Sunarso, J., and Ismadji, S. (2010) Acid Green 25 removal from wastewater by organo-bentonite from Pacitan. Appl. Clay Sci., 48: 81–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida, C.A.P., Debacher, N.A., Downs, A.J., Cottet, L., and Mello, C.A.D. (2009) Removal of methylene blue from colored effluents by adsorption on montmorillonite clay. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 332: 46–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anirudhan, T.S., Suchithra, P.S., and Radhakrishnan, P.G. (2009) Synthesis and characterization of humic acid immobilized-polymer/bentonite composites and their ability to adsorb basic dyes from aqueous solutions. App. Clay Sci., 43: 336–342.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eren, E. and Afsin, B. (2008) Investigation of a basic dye adsorption from aqueous solution onto raw and pre-treated bentonite surfaces. Dyes Pigments, 76: 220–225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L., Zhang, J., and Wang, A. (2008) Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/montmorillonite superadsorbent nanocomposite. Coll. Surf. A, 322: 47–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weng, C.-H. and Pan, Y.-F. (2007) Adsorption of a cationic dye (methylene blue) onto spent activated clay. J. Hazard. Mater., 144: 355–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulut, E., Özacar, M., and Þengil, Ý.A. (2008) Adsorption of malachite green onto bentonite: Equilibrium and kinetic studies and process design. Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 115: 234–246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurniawan, A., Sutiono, H., Indraswati, N., and Ismadji S. (2012) Removal of basic dyes in binary system by adsorption using rarasaponin–bentonite: Revisited of extended Langmuir model. Chem. Eng. J., 189–190: 264–274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özcan, A.S. and Özcan, A. (2004) Adsorption of acid dyes from aqueous solutions onto acid-activated bentonite. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 276: 39–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visa, M. (2012) Tailoring fly ash activated with bentonite as adsorbent for complex wastewater treatment. Appl. Clay Sci., 263: 753–762.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ai, L., Zhou, Y., and Jiang, J. (2011) Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by montmorillonite/CoFe2O4 composite with magnetic separation performance. Desalination, 266: 72–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Q.H., Qiao, S.Z., Haghseresht, F., Wilson, M.A., and Lu, G.Q. (2006) Adsorption study for removal of basic red dye using bentonite. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45: 733–738.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiao, S., Hu, Q., Haghseresht, F., Hu, X., and Lu, G.Q. (Max) (2009) An investigation on the adsorption of acid dyes on bentonite based composite adsorbent. Sep. Purif. Technol., 67: 218–225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gürses, A., Doğar, Ç., Yalçın, M., Açıkyıldız, M., Bayrak R., and Karaca, S. (2006) The adsorption kinetics of the cationic dye, methylene blue, onto clay. J. Hazard. Mater., B131: 217–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Y.-X., Xu, H.-J., Liang, D.-W., and Tong, Z.-F. (2008) Adsorption of Basic Violet 14 from aqueous solution on bentonite. C. R. Chimie, 11: 125–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zermane, F., Bouras, O., Baudu, M., and Basly, J.-P. (2010) Cooperative coadsorption of 4-nitrophenol and basic yellow 28 dye onto an iron organo–inorgano pillared montmorillonite clay. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 350: 315–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López Arbeloa, F., Chaudhuri, R., Arbeloa López, T., and López Arbeloa, I. (2002) Aggregation of rhodamine 3B adsorbed in Wyoming montmorillonite aqueous suspensions. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 246: 281–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özacar, M. and Þengil, Ý.A. (2006) A two stage batch adsorber design for methylene blue removal to minimize contact time. J. Environ. Manage., 80: 372–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvam, P.P., Preethi, S., Basakaralingam, P., Thinakaran, N., Sivasamy, A., and Sivanesan, S. (2008) Removal of rhodamine B from aqueous solution by adsorption onto sodium montmorillonite. J. Hazard. Mater., 155: 39–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilgiç, C. (2005) Investigation of the factors affecting organic cation adsorption on some silicate minerals. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 281: 33–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C.-C., Juang, L.-C., Lee, C.-K., Hsu, T.-C., Lee, J.-F., and Chao, H.-P. (2004a) Effects of exchanged surfactant cations on the pore structure and adsorption characteristics of montmorillonite. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 280: 27–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wibulswas, R. (2004) Batch and fixed bed sorption of methylene blue on precursor and QACs modified montmorillonite. Sep. Purif. Technol., 39: 3–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouberka, Z., Khenifi, A., Ait Mahamed, H., Haddou, B., Belkaid, N., Bettahar, N., and Derriche, Z. (2009) Adsorption of Supranol Yellow 4 GL from aqueous solution by surfactant-treated aluminum/chromium-intercalated bentonite. J. Hazard. Mater., 162: 378–385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishael, Y.G., Rytwo, G., Nir, S., Crespin, M., Annabi-Bergaya, F., and Van Damme, H. (1999) Interactions of monovalent organic cations with pillared clays. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 209: 123–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fatimah, I., Wang, S., Narsito, and Wijaya, K. (2010) Composites of TiO2-aluminum pillared montmorillonite: Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. Appl. Clay Sci., 50: 588–593.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinod, V.P. and Anirudhan, T.S. (2003) Adsorption behaviour of basic dyes on the humic acid immobilized pillared clay. Water Air Soil Poll., 150: 193–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nogueira, F.G.E., Lopes, J.H., Silva, A.C., Gonçalves, M., Anastácio, A.S., Sapag, K., and Oliveira, L.C.A. (2009) Reactive adsorption of methylene blue on montmorillonite via an ESI-MS study. Appl. Clay Sci., 43: 190–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouberka, Z., Kacha, S., Kameche, M., Elmaleh, S., and Derriche, Z. (2005) Sorption study of an acid dye from an aqueous solutions using modified clays. J. Hazard. Mater., B119: 117–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheknane, B., Bouras, O., Baudua, M., Basly, J.-P., and Cherguielaine, A. (2010) Granular inorgano-organo pillared clays (GIOCs): Preparation by wet granulation, characterization and application to the removal of a Basic dye (BY28) from aqueous solutions. Chem. Eng. J., 158: 528–534.
   Google Scholar
• Cheknane, B., Zermane, F., Baudu, M., Bouras, O., and Basly J.P. (2012) Sorption of basic dyes onto granulated pillared clays: Thermodynamic and kinetic studies. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 381: 158–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lezehari, M., Basly, J.-P., Baudu, M., and Bouras, O. (2010) Alginate encapsulated pillared clays: removal of a neutral/anionic biocide (pentachlorophenol) and a cationic dye (safranine) from aqueous solutions. Coll. Surf. A, 366: 88–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pentrák, M., Czímerová, A., Madejová, J., and Komadel P. (2012) Changes in layer charge of clay minerals upon acid treatment as obtained from their interactions with methylene blue. Appl. Clay Sci., 55: 100–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eren, E. and Afsin, B. (2009) Removal of basic dye using raw and acid activated bentonite samples. J. Hazard. Mater., 166: 830–835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajjaji, M. and El Arfaoui, H. (2009) Adsorption of methylene blue and zinc ions on raw and acid-activated bentonite from Morocco. Appl. Clay Sci., 46: 418–421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yener, N., Biçer, C., Önal, M., and Sarikaya, Y. (2012) Simultaneous determination of cation exchange capacity and surface area of acid activated bentonite powders by methylene blue sorption. Appl. Clay Sci., 258: 2534–2539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Mouzdahir, Y., Elmchaouri, A., Mahboub, R., Gil, A., and Korili, S.A. (2010) Equilibrium modeling for the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions on activated clay mineral. Desalination, 250: 335–338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banat, F., Al-Asheh, S., Al-Anbar, S., and Al-Refaie, S. (2007) Microwave- and acid-treated bentonite as adsorbents of methylene blue from a simulated dye wastewater. Bull. Eng. Geol. Env., 66: 53–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiau, C.-Y. and Pan, C.-C. (2004) Adsorption of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solution by Various Adsorbents. Sep. Sci. Technol., 39: 1733–1750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teng, M.-Y. and Lin, S.-H. (2006) Removal of basic dye from water onto pristine and HCl-activated montmorillonite in fixed beds. Desalination, 194: 156–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Asheh, S., Banat, F., and Abu-Aitah, L. (2003) Adsorption of phenol using different types of activated Bentonites. Sep. Purif. Technol., 33: 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bojemueller, E., Nennemann, A., and Lagaly, G. (2001) Enhanced pesticide adsorption by thermally modified bentonites. Appl. Clay Sci., 18: 277–284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bujdák, J. and Komadel, P. (1997) Interaction of methylene blue with reduced charge montmorillonite. J. Phys. Chem. B, 101: 9065–9068.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bujdák, J., Iyi, N., and Fujita, T. (2002) Aggregation and stability of 1,1´-diethyl-4,4´-cyanine dye on the surface of layered silicates with different charge densities. Coll. Surf. A, 207: 207–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klika, Z., Pustková, P., Praus, P., Kovář, P., Pospíšil, M., Malý, P., Grygar, T., Kulhánková, L., and Čapková, P. (2009) Fluorescence of reduced charge montmorillonite complexes with methylene blue: Experiments and molecular modeling. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 339: 416–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damardji, B., Khalaf, H., Duclaux, L., and David, B. (2009) Preparation of TiO2-pillared montmorillonite as photocatalyst Part I. Microwave calcination, characterisation, and adsorption of a textile azo dye. Appl. Clay Sci., 44: 201–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L. and Wang, A. (2007) Adsorption characteristics of Congo Red onto the chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposite. J. Hazard. Mater., 147: 979–985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L. and Wang, A. (2008) Adsorption behaviors of Congo red on the N,O-carboxymethyl-chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposite. Chem. Eng. J., 143: 43–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monvisade, P. and Siriphannon, P. (2009) Chitosan intercalated montmorillonite: Preparation, characterization and cationic dye adsorption. Appl. Clay Sci., 42: 427–431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anirudhan, T.S. and Suchithra, P.S. (2009) Adsorption characteristics of humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite for cationic dyes in aqueous solutions. J. Environ. Sci., 21: 884–891.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, M.-X., Wang, Z., Xu, S.-H., and Li, T. (2010) Decolorization of methylene blue by δ-MnO2-coated montmorillonite complexes: Emphasizing redox reactivity of Mn-oxide coatings. J. Hazard. Mater., 181: 57–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mana, M., Ouali, M.-S., and de Menorval, L.C. (2007) Removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions with a treated spent bleaching earth. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 307: 9–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, S., Wen, C., He, J., Gan, F., and Ho, Y.-S. (2009) Adsorption thermodynamics of Methylene Blue onto bentonite. J. Hazard. Mater., 167: 630–633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, Y.-L., Xu, Z.-R., Guo, T., and You, P. (2004) Adsorption of methylene blue on Cu(II)-exchanged montmorillonite. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 280: 283–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anirudhan, T.S. and Tharun, A.R. (2012) Preparation and adsorption properties of a novel interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) containing carboxyl groups for basic dye from aqueous media. Chem. Eng. J., 181–182: 761–769.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turabik, M. (2008) Adsorption of basic dyes from single and binary component systems onto bentonite: Simultaneous analysis of Basic Red 46 and Basic Yellow 28 by first order derivative spectrophotometric analysis method. J. Hazard. Mater., 158: 52–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bae, J.-H., Song, D.-I., and Jeon, Y.-W. (2000) Adsorption of anionic dye and surfactant from water onto organomontmorillonite. Sep. Sci. Technol., 35: 353–365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eren, E. (2009a) Removal of basic dye by modified Unye bentonite, Turkey. J. Hazard. Mater., 162: 1355–1363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gemeay, A.H. (2002) Adsorption characteristics and the kinetics of the cation exchange of rhodamine-6G with Na+ montmorillonite. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 251: 235–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, G., Pan, J., Han, B., and Yan, H. (1999) Adsorption of methylene blue on montmorillonite. J. Disper. Sci. Technol., 20(4): 1179–1187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hang, P.T. and Brindley, G.W. (1970) Methylene Blue adsorption by clay minerals. Determination of surface areas and cation exchange capacities (Clay-Organic studies XVIII). Clay Clay Miner., 18: 203–212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahr, G. and Madsen, F.T. (1995) Determination of the cation exchange capacity and the surface area of bentonite, illite and kaolinite by methylene blue adsorption. Appl. Clay Sci., 9: 327–336.
   Google Scholar
• Helmy, A.K., Ferreiro, E.A., and de Bussetti, S.G. (1999) Surface area evaluation of montmorillonite. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 210: 167–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Z., Chang, P.H., Jiang, W.T., Jean, J.S., and Hong, H. (2011), Mechanism of methylene blue removal from water by swelling clays. Chem. Eng. J., 168: 1193–1200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roulia, M. and Vassiliadis, A.A. (2008) Sorption characterization of a cationic dye retained by clays and perlite. Micropor. Mesopor. Mat. 116: 732–740.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du, W., Sun, Q., Lv, X., and Xu, Y. (2009) Enhanced activity of iron oxide dispersed on bentonite for the catalytic degradation of organic dye under visible light. Catal. Commun., 10: 1854–1858.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, C.-C., Juang, L.-C., Hsu, T.-C., Lee, C.-K., Lee J.-F., and Huang, F.-C. (2004b) Adsorption of basic dyes onto montmorillonite. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 273: 80–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Q., Kerk, W.T., Soutar, A.M., and Zeng, X.T. (2009) Application of dye intercalated bentonite for developing latent fingerprints. Appl. Clay Sci., 44: 156–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czímerová, A., Bujdák, J., and Gáplovský, A. (2004a) The aggregation of thionine and methylene blue dye in smectite dispersion. Coll. Surf. A, 243: 89–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klika, Z., Weissmannová, H., Čapková, P., and Pospíšil, M. (2004) The rhodamine B intercalation of montmorillonite. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 275: 243–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czímerová, A., Jankovič, L., and Bujdák, J. (2004b) Effect of the exchangeable cations on the spectral properties of methylene blue in clay dispersions. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 274: 126–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann, M.G., Gessner, F., Schmitt, C.C., and Sartori, R. (2002) Influence of the layer charge and clay particle size on the interactions between the cationic dye methylene blue and clays in an aqueous suspension. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 255: 254–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, A.U.C., Poli, A.L., Gessner, F., Neumann, M.G., and Schmitt Cavalheiro, C.C. (2013) Interaction of Auramine O with montmorillonite clays. J. Lumin., 136: 63–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rytwo, G., Huterer-Harari, R., Dultz, S., and Gonen, Y. (2006) Adsorption of Fast Green and Erythrosin-B to montmorillonite modified with Crystal Violet. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 84: 225–231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borisover, M., Graber, E.R., Bercovich, F., and Gerstl, Z. (2001) Suitability of dye-clay complexes for removal of non-ionic organic compounds from aqueous solutions. Chemosphere, 44: 1033–1040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassanien, M.M., Abou-El-Sherbini, K.S., and Al-Muaikel, N.S. (2010) Immobilization of methylene blue onto bentonite and its application in the extraction of mercury (II). J. Hazard. Mater., 178: 94–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okada, T., Sakai, H., and Ogawa, M. (2008) The effect of the molecular structure of a cationic azo dye on the photoinduced intercalation of phenol in a montmorillonite. Appl. Clay Sci., 40: 187–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rytwo, G. and Gonen, Y. (2006) Very fast sorbent for organic dyes and pollutants. Colloid Polym. Sci., 284: 817–820.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, J., Zhu, R., Zhu, J., Ge, F., Yuan, P., He, H., and Ming, C. (2009) Simultaneous sorption of crystal violet and 2-naphthol to bentonite with different CECs. J. Hazard. Mater., 166: 195–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Bastaki, N. and Banat, F. (2004) Combining ultrafiltration and adsorption on bentonite in a one-step process for the treatment of colored waters. Resour. Conserv. Recy., 41: 103–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rytwo, G., Nir, S., Crespin, M., and Margulies, L. (2000) Adsorption and interactions of Methyl Green with Montmorillonite and Sepiolite. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 222: 12–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahir, S.S. and Rauf, N. (2006) Removal of a cationic dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto bentonite clay. Chemosphere, 63: 1842–1848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eren, E. (2009b) Investigation of a basic dye removal from aqueous solution onto chemically modified Unye bentonite. J. Hazard. Mater., 166: 88–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hepler, L.G., Yariv, S., and Dobrogowska, C. (1987) Calorimetric investigation of adsorption of an aqueous metachromic dye (Crystal Violet) on montmorillonite. Thermochim. Acta, 121: 373–379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grauer, Z., Avnir, D., and Yariv, S. (1984) Adsorption characteristics of rhodamine 6G on montmorillonite and laponite, elucidated from electronic absorption and emission spectra. Can. J. Chem., 62: 1889–1894.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margulies, L. and Rozen, H. (1986) Adsorption of Methyl Green on montmorillonite. J. Mol. Struct., 141: 219–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arvanitoyannis, I., Eleftheriadis, I., and Kavlentis, E. (1987) Treatment of dye-containing effluents with different bentonites. Chemosphere 16: 2523–2529.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grauer, Z., Malter, A.B., Yariv, S., and Avnir, D. (1987) Sorption of Rhodamine B by Montmorillonite and Laponite. Coll. Surf., 25: 41–65.
   Google Scholar
• Arvanitoyannis, I., Eleftheriadis I., and Tsatsaroni, E. (1989) Influence of pH on adsorption of dye-containing effluents with different bentonites. Chemosphere, 18: 1707–1711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yariv, S., Müller-Vonmoos, M., Kahr, G., and Rub, A. (1989) Thermal analytic study of the adsorption of Crystal Violet by montmorillonite. Thermochim. Acta, 148: 457–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa, M., Kawai, R., and Kuroda, K. (1996) Adsorption and aggregation of a cationic Cyanine dye on Smectites. J. Phys. Chem., 100: 16218–16221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyamoto, N., Kawai, R., Kuroda, K., and Ogawa, M. (2000) Adsorption and aggregation of a cationic cyanine dye on layered clay minerals. Appl. Clay Sci., 16: 161–170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roulia, M. and Vassiliadis, A.A. (2005) Interactions between C.I. Basic Blue 41 and aluminosilicate sorbents. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 291: 37–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kundakci, S., Üzüm, Ö.B., and Karadağ, E. (2008) Swelling and dye sorption studies of acrylamide/2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid/bentonite highly swollen composite hydrogels. React. Funct. Polym., 68: 458–473.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, R.-Y., Chen, B.-S., Chen, G.-L., Wu, J.-Y., Chiu, H.-C., and Suen, S.-Y. (2009) Preparation of porous PMMA/Na+–montmorillonite cation-exchange membranes for cationic dye adsorption. J. Membr. Sci., 326: 117–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roulia, M. and Vassiliadis, A.A. (2009) Clay-catalyzed phenomena of cationic-dye aggregation and hydroxo-chromium oligomerization. Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 122: 13–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meral, K., Yılmaz, N., Kaya, M., Tabak, A., and Onganer, Y. (2011) The molecular aggregation of pyronin Y in natural bentonite clay suspension. J. Lumin., 131: 2121–2127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ennajih, H., Bouhfid, R., Essassi, E.M., Bousmina, M., and El Kadib, A. (2012) Chitosan–montmorillonite bio-based aerogel hybrid microspheres. Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 152: 208–213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar