References
- Antonucci, T. C., Lansford, J. E., & Akiyama, H. (2001). Impact of positive and negative aspects of marital relationships and friendships on well-being of older adults. Applied Developmental Science, 5(2), 68–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532480XADS0502_2
- Barry, L. C., Allore, H. G., Guo, Z., Bruce, M. L., & Gill, T. M. (2008). Higher burden of depression among older women: The effect of onset, persistence, and mortality over time. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(2), 172–178. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.17
- Beach, S. R. H., Sandeen, E. E., & O’Leary, K. D. (1990). Depression in marriage: A model for etiology and treatment. The Guilford Press.
- Blazer, D. G. (2003). Depression in late life: Review and commentary. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 58(3), M249–M265. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/58.3.M249
- Bolger, N., Zuckerman, A., & Kessler, R. C. (2000). Invisible support and adjustment to stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(6), 953–961. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.6.953
- Bookwala, J., & Franks, M. M. (2005). Moderating role of marital quality in older adults’ depressed affect: Beyond the main-effects model. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60(6), P338–P341. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/60.6.P338
- Bugliari, D., Campbell, N., Chan, C., Hayden, O., Hurd, M., Main, R., … Moldoff, M. (2016). RAND HRS data documentation, version P. RAND Center for the Study of Aging.
- Burholt, V., & Scharf, T. (2013). Poor health and loneliness in later life: The role of depressive symptoms, social resources, and rural environments. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 69(2), 311–324. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbt121
- Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2010). Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the Chicago health, aging, and social relations study. Psychology and Aging, 25(2), 453–463. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017216
- Carr, D., Cornman, J. C., & Freedman, V. A. (2017). Disability and activity-related emotion in later life: Are effects buffered by intimate relationship support and strain? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 58(3), 387–403. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146517713551
- Charles, S. T. (2010). Strength and vulnerability integration: A model of emotional well-being across adulthood. Psychological Bulletin, 136(6), 1068–1091. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021232
- Chen, Y., & Feeley, T. H. (2014). Social support, social strain, loneliness, and well-being among older adults: An analysis of the health and retirement study. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31(2), 141–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407513488728
- Cornwell, B., Laumann, E. O., & Schumm, L. P. (2008). The social connectedness of older adults: A national profile. American Sociological Review, 73(2), 185–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240807300201
- Covinsky, K. E., Lindquist, K., Dunlop, D. D., & Yelin, E. (2009). Pain, functional limitations, and aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57(9), 1556–1561. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02388.x
- de Jong Gierveld, J., & Broese van Groenou, M. (2016). Older couple relationships and loneliness. In J. Bookwala (Ed.), Couple relationships in the middle and later years: Their nature, complexity, and role in health and illness (pp. 57–76). American Psychological Association.
- de Jong Gierveld, J., Broese van Groenou, M., Hoogendoorn, A. W., & Smit, J. H. (2009). Quality of marriages in later life and emotional and social loneliness. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 64(4), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbn043
- Donnellan, W. J., Bennett, K. M., & Soulsby, L. K. (2017). Family close but friends closer: Exploring social support and resilience in older spousal dementia carers. Aging & Mental Health, 21(11), 1222–1228. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2016.1209734
- Gurung, R. A., Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2003). Accounting for changes in social support among married older adults: Insights from the MacArthur studies of successful aging. Psychology and Aging, 18(3), 487–496. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.18.3.487
- Hagedoorn, M., Sanderman, R., Buunk, B. P., & Wobbes, T. (2002). Failing in spousal caregiving: The ‘identity‐relevant stress’ hypothesis to explain sex differences in caregiver distress. British Journal of Health Psychology, 7(4), 481–494. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910702320645435
- Hayes, A. F. (2015). An index and test of linear moderated mediation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 50(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2014.962683
- Hsieh, N., & Hawkley, L. (2018). Loneliness in the older adult marriage: Associations with dyadic aversion, indifference, and ambivalence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 35(10), 1319–1339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407517712480
- Kim, H. K., & McKenry, P. C. (2002). The relationship between marriage and psychological well-being: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Family Issues, 23(8), 885–911. https://doi.org/10.1177/019251302237296
- Korporaal, M., Broese van Groenou, M. I., & van Tilburg, T. G. (2008). Effects of own and spousal disability on loneliness among older adults. Journal of Aging and Health, 20(3), 306–325. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264308315431
- Lavela, S. L., & Ather, N. (2010). Psychological health in older adult spousal caregivers of older adults. Chronic Illness, 6(1), 67–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742395309356943
- McLaughlin, D., Vagenas, D., Pachana, N. A., Begum, N., & Dobson, A. (2010). Gender differences in social network size and satisfaction in adults in their 70s. Journal of Health Psychology, 15(5), 671–679. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105310368177
- Moorman, S. M. (2016). Dyadic perspectives on marital quality and loneliness in later life. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 33(5), 600–618. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407515584504
- Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998-2017). Mplus user’s guide, Eighth edition. Muthén & Muthén.
- Neff, L. A., & Karney, B. R. (2005). Gender differences in social support: A question of skill or responsiveness? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.79
- Ng, M., & Lin, J. (2016). Testing for mediation effects under non-normality and heteroscedasticity: A comparison of classic and modern methods. International Journal of Quantitative Research in Education, 3(1/2), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJQRE.2016.073643
- Park, N. S., Jang, Y., Lee, B. S., Haley, W. E., & Chiriboga, D. A. (2013). The mediating role of loneliness in the relation between social engagement and depressive symptoms among older Korean Americans: Do men and women differ? The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 68(2), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs062
- Peerenboom, L., Collard, R. M., Naarding, P., & Comijs, H. C. (2015). The association between depression and emotional and social loneliness in older persons and the influence of social support, cognitive functioning and personality: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 182, 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.033
- Penninx, B. W., Guralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L., Simonsick, E. M., Deeg, D. J., & Wallace, R. B. (1998a). Depressive symptoms and physical decline in community-dwelling older persons. JAMA, 279(21), 1720–1726. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.21.1720
- Penninx, B. W., Van Tilburg, T., Boeke, A. J. P., Deeg, D. J., Kriegsman, D. M., & Van Eijk, J. T. M. (1998b). Effects of social support and personal coping resources on depressive symptoms: Different for various chronic diseases? Health Psychology, 17(6), 551–558. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.17.6.551
- Piazza, J. R., Charles, S. T., & Almeida, D. M. (2007). Living with chronic health conditions: Age differences in affective well-being. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 62(6), P313–P321. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/62.6.P313
- Preacher, K. J., Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2006). Computational tools for probing interactions in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 31(4), 437–448. https://doi.org/10.3102/10769986031004437
- Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273170701341316
- Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306
- Robles, T. F., Slatcher, R. B., Trombello, J. M., & McGinn, M. M. (2014). Marital quality and health: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140(1), 140–187. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031859
- Rook, K. S. (2015). Social networks in later life: Weighing positive and negative effects on health and well-being. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414551364
- Russell, C. J., & Dean, M. A. (2000). To log or not to log: Bootstrap as an alternative to the parametric estimation of moderation effects in the presence of skewed dependent variables. Organizational Research Methods, 3(2), 166–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442810032002
- Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA loneliness scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20–40. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2
- Santini, Z. I., Fiori, K. L., Feeney, J., Tyrovolas, S., Haro, J. M., & Koyanagi, A. (2016). Social relationships, loneliness, and mental health among older men and women in Ireland: A prospective community-based study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 204, 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.032
- Shaw, B. A., Krause, N., Liang, J., & Bennett, J. (2007). Tracking changes in social relations throughout late life. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 62(2), S90–S99. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/62.2.S90
- Smith, T. W., & Baron, C. E. (2016). Marital discord in the later years. In J. Bookwala (Ed.), Couple relationships in the middle and later years: Their nature, complexity, and role in health and illness (pp. 37–56). American Psychological Association.
- Stokes, J. E. (2017). Marital quality and loneliness in later life: A dyadic analysis of older married couples in Ireland. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 34(1), 114–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407515626309
- Stronge, S., Overall, N. C., & Sibley, C. G. (2019). Gender differences in the associations between relationship status, social support, and wellbeing. Journal of Family Psychology, 33(7), 819–829. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000540
- Walen, H. R., & Lachman, M. E. (2000). Social support and strain from partner, family, and friends: Costs and benefits for men and women in adulthood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17(1), 5–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407500171001
- Wallace, R. B., & Herzog, A. R. (1995). Overview of the health measures in the Health and Retirement Study. Journal of Human Resources, 30, S84–S107. https://doi.org/10.2307/146279
- Warner, D. F., & Adams, S. A. (2012). Widening the social context of disablement among married older adults: Considering the role of nonmarital relationships for loneliness. Social Science Research, 41(6), 1529–1545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.05.018
- Warner, D. F., Adams, S. A., & Anderson, R. K. (2019). The good, the bad, and the indifferent: Physical disability, social role configurations, and changes in loneliness among married and unmarried older adults. Journal of Aging and Health, 31(8), 1423–1453. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264318781129
- Warner, D. F., & Kelley-Moore, J. (2012). The social context of disablement among older adults: Does marital quality matter for loneliness? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 53(1), 50–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146512439540
- Wong, J. S., & Hsieh, N. (2017). Functional status, cognition, and social relationships in dyadic perspective. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 74(4), 703–714. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx024
- Yee, J. L., & Schulz, R. (2000). Gender differences in psychiatric morbidity among family caregivers: A review and analysis. The Gerontologist, 40(2), 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/40.2.147