Environmental Endotoxin Measurement: Interference and Sources of Variation in the Limulus Assay of House Dust

References

• Wong , K. H. and Feeley , J. C. 1984 . Lipopolysaccharide of Legionella as adjuvant for intrinsic and extrinsic antigens . Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , 177 : 475 – 481 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ukei , S. , Iida , J. , Shiba , T. Kusumoto , S. 1986 . Adjuvant and antitumor activities of synthetic lipid A analogues . Vaccine , 4 : 21 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burrell , R. 1990 . Immunomodulation by bacterial endotoxin . Crit. Rev. Microbiol. , 17 : 189 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , A. G. and Tomai , M. A. 1990 . A study of the cellular and molecular mediators of the adjuvant action of a nontoxic monophosphoryl lipid A . Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , 256 : 567 – 579 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rylander , R. , Haglind , P. and Lundholm , M. 1985 . Endotoxin in cotton dust and respiratory function decrement among cotton workers in an experimental cardroom . Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , 131 : 209 – 213 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castellan , R. M. , Olenchock , S. A. , Kinsley , K. B. and Hankinson , J. L. 1987 . Inhaled endotoxin and decreased spirometric values, an exposure-response relation for cotton dust . N. Eng. J. Med. , 317 : 605 – 610 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , S. M. , Christiani , D. C. , Eisen , E. A. Wegman , D. H. 1987 . Cotton dust and endotoxin exposure-response relationships in cotton textile workers . Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , 135 : 194 – 200 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smid , T. , Heederik , D. , Houba , R. and Quanjer , P. H. 1992 . Dust- and endotoxin-related respiratory effects in the animal feed industry . Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , 146 : 1474 – 1479 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smid , T. , Heederik , D. , Houba , R. and Quanjer , P. H. 1994 . Dust- and endotoxin-related acute lung function changes and work-related symptoms in workers in the animal feed industry . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 25 : 877 – 888 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michel , O. , Ginanni , R. , Duchateau , J. Vertongen , F. 1991 . Domestic endotoxin exposure and clinical severity of asthma . Clin. Exp. Allergy , 21 : 441 – 448 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyntelberg , F. , Suadicani , P. , Nielsen , J. W. Skov , P. 1994 . Dust and the sick building syndrome . Indoor Air , 4 : 223 – 238 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rylander , R. , Sörensen , S. , Goto , H. Yuasa , K. 1989 . “The importance of endotoxin and glucan for symptoms in sick buildings.”. ” . In Present and Future of Indoor Air Quality, Proceedings of the Brussels Conference Edited by: Bieva , C. J. , Courtois , Y. and Govaerts , M. 219 – 226 . New York : Excerpta Medica. .
   Google Scholar
• Teeuw , K. B. , Vandenbroucke-Grauls , C. M. and Verhoef , J. 1994 . Airborne gram-negative bacteria and endotoxin in sick building syndrome. A study in Dutch governmental office buildings . Arch. Intern. Med. , 154 : 2339 – 2345 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michel , O. , Kips , J. , Duchateau , J. Vertongen , F. 1996 . Severity of asthma is related to endotoxin in house dust . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , 154 : 1641 – 1646 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berrens , L. 1970 . The allergens in house dust . Prog. Allergy , 14 : 259 – 339 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sanders , G. , Burge , H. , Muilenberg , M. and Solomon , W. 1985 . Detection of cockroach antigen in commercial house dust by ELISA inhibition . J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , 75 : 146 (Pt 2)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer , P. , Verhoeff , A. P. , Brunekreef , B. Boleij , J. S. M. 1988 . Relationships Between Home Dampness, Airborne Mould Propagules and Guanine Levels in Housedust. 439 – 445 . London : Selper Ltd. .
   Google Scholar
• Sporik , R. , Holgate , S. T. , Platts-Mills , T. A. E. and Cogswell , J. J. 1990 . Exposure to house dust mite allergen (Der p I) and the development of asthma in childhood—a prospective study . N. Eng. J. Med. , 323 : 502 – 507 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olenchock , S. A. , Lewis , D. M. and Mull , J. C. 1989 . Effects of different extraction protocols on endotoxin analysis of airborne grain dusts . Scand. J. Work, Environ. Health. , 75 : 430 – 435 .
   Google Scholar
• Douwes , J. , Versloot , P. , Hollander , A. and Heederik , D. 1995 . Influence of various dust sampling and extraction methods on the measurement of airborne endotoxin . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 61 : 1763 – 1769 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milton , D. K. , Feldman , H. A. , Neuberg , D. S. Bruckner , R. J. 1992 . Environmental endotoxin measurement: the kinetic Limulus assay with resistant-parallel-line estimation . Environ. Res. , 57 : 212 – 230 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollander , A. , Heederik , D. , Versloot , P. and Douwes , J. 1993 . Inhibition and enhancement in the analysis of airborne endotoxin levels in various occupational environments . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 54 : 647 – 653 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters , M. , Milton , D. K. , Larsson , L. and Ford , T. 1994 . Airborne environmental endotoxin: a cross-validation of sampling and analysis techniques . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 60 : 996 – 1005 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finney , D. J. 1978 . Statistical Method in Biological Assay. 69 – 104 . London : Charles Griffin and Co., Ltd. .
   Google Scholar
• de Boor , C. 1978 . A Practical Guide to Splines. New York : Springer-Verlag. .
   Google Scholar
• Ditter , B. , Becker , K.-P. , Ursbaschek , R. and Ursbachek , B. 1982 . “ Detection of endotoxin in blood and other specimens by evaluation of photo-metrically registered LAL-reaction-kinetics in microtiter plates. ” . In Endo-toxins and Their Detection with the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Test Edited by: Watson , S. W. , Levin , J. and Novitsky , T. J. 385 – 392 . New York : Alan R. Liss. .
   Google Scholar
• Mosteller , F. and Tukey , J. W. 1977 . Data Analysis and Regression. 356 – 358 . Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley. .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , R. G. 1974 . The jackknife—a review . Biometrika , 67 : 1 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong , B. G. 1996 . Optimizing power in allocating resources to exposure assessment in an epidemiologic study . Am. J. Epidemiol. , 144 : 192 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olenchock , S. A. , Christiani , D. C. , Mull , J. C. Ting-ting , T. 1990 . Airborne endotoxin concentrations in various work areas within two cotton textile mills in the People's Republic of China . Biomed. Environ. Sci. , 3 : 443 – 451 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christiani , D. C. , Ye , T. T. , Wegman , D. H. Eisen , E. A. 1994 . Cotton dust exposure, across-shift drop in FEV1, and five-year change in lung function . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , 150 : 1250 – 1255 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar