Modeling the Formation of No_x and Soot Emissions in a Diesel Engine at Different Humidity

REFERENCES

• Balepin , V. , Ossello , C. and Snyder , C. 2002 . NO _x emission reduction in commercial jets through water injection , AIAA Paper No. 2002–3623
   Google Scholar
• Benini , E. , Pandolfo , S. and Zoppellari , S. 2009 . Reduction of NO emissions in a turbojet combustor by direct water/steam injection: Numerical and experimental assessment . Applied Thermal Engineering , 29 : 3506 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhargava , A. , Colket , M. , Sowa , W. and Maloney , D. 2000 . An experimental and modeling study of humid air premixed flames . ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power , 122 : 405 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borman , G. L. and Ragland , K. W. 1998 . Combustion engineering , Boston : WCB-McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Bowman , C. T. 1975 . Kinetics of pollutant formation and destruction in combustion . Progress in Energy and Combustion Science , 1 : 33 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardu , M. and Baica , M. 2002 . Gas turbine installation with total water injection in the combustion chamber . Energy Conversion and Management , 43 : 2395 – 404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casati , R. , Scheer , V. , Vogt , R. and Benter , T. 2007 . Measurement of nucleation and soot mode particle emission from a diesel passenger car in real world and laboratory in situ dilution . Atmospheric Environment , 41 : 2125 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan , S. H. and Zhu , J. 1996 . Exhaust emissions based air--fuel ratio model (I): Literature reviews and modeling , SAE Paper No. 961020
   Google Scholar
• Heywood , J. B. 1998 . Internal combustion engine fundamentals , New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , S. C. and Smoot , L. D. 2000 . Modeling of nitrogen oxides formation and destruction in combustion systems . Progress in Energy and Combustion Science , 26 : 417 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koustsu , S. , Mori , K. and Sakai , K. 1996 . Reduction of exhaust emission with new water injection system in a diesel engine . JSAE , 17 : 83 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Kubesh , J. T. and Podnar , D. J. 1997 . Humidity effects and compensation in a lean burn natural gas engine , SAE Paper No. 971706
   Google Scholar
• Lin , C.-Y. and Chen , W.-C. 2006 . Effects of potassium sulfide content in marine diesel fuel oil on emission characteristics of marine furnaces under varying humidity of inlet air . Ocean Engineering , 33 : 1260 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mather , D. K. and Reitz , R. D. 1998 . Modeling the influence of fuel injection parameters on diesel engine emissions , SAE Paper No. 980789
   Google Scholar
• Mccormick , R. L. , Graboski , M. S. , Newlin , A. W. and Ross , J. D. 1997 . Effect of humidity on heavy-duty transient emissions from diesel and natural gas engines at high altitude . Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association , 47 : 784 – 91 .
   Google Scholar
• Patterson , M. A. , Kong , S. C. , Hampson , G. J. and Retiz , R. D. 1994 . Modeling the effects of fuel injection characteristics on diesel engine soot and NO _x emissions , SAE Paper No. 940523
   Google Scholar
• Pekula , N. , Kuritz , B. , Hearne , J. , Marchese , A. J. and Hesketh , R. P. 2003 . The effect of ambient temperature, humidity, and engine speed on idling emissions from heavy-duty diesel trucks , SAE paper No. 2003-01-0290
   Google Scholar
• Rakopoulos , C. D. 1991 . Influence of ambient temperature and humidity on the performance and emissions of nitric oxide and smoke of high speed diesel engines in the Athens/Greece region . Energy Conversion and Management , 31 : 447 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samec , N. , Kegl , B. and Dibble , R. W. 2002 . Numerical and experimental study of water/oil emulsified fuel combustion in a diesel engine . Fuel , 81 : 2035 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarabia , E. , Elvira , L. , Gonzalez , I. , Rodriguez , J. J. , Munoz , R. and Dorronsoro , J. L. 2003 . Investigation of the influence of humidity on the ultrasonic agglomeration of submicron particles in diesel exhausts . Ultrasonics , 41 : 277 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarvi , A. , Kilpinen , P. and Zevenhoven , R. 2009 . Emissions from large-scale medium-speed diesel engines: 3. Influence of direct water injection and common rail . Fuel Processing Technology , 90 : 221 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strawa , A. W. , Kirchstetter , T. W. , Hallar , A. G. , Ban-Weiss , G. A. , McLaughlin , J. P. , Harley , R. A. and Lunden , M. M. 2010 . Optical and physical properties of primary on-road vehicle particle emissions and their implications for climate change . Journal of Aerosol Science , 41 : 36 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao , F. , Golovitchev , V. I. and Chomiak , J. 2004 . A phenomenological model for the prediction of soot formation in diesel spray combustion . Combustion and Flame , 136 : 270 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thekdi , A. and Gemmer , R. 2001 . “ Applying best practices to reduce NO x emission sand energy costs ” . In Energy Efficiency-NOx Reduction Conference , 34 – 41 . Texas Energy Coordination Council, Houston .
   Google Scholar
• Toback , A. T. , Hearne , J. S. , Kuritz , B. , Marchese , A. J. and Hesketh , R. P. 2004 . The effect of ambient temperature and humidity on measured idling emissions from diesel school buses , SAE paper No. 2004-01-1087
   Google Scholar
• Wang , D. , Zhang , C. and Wang , Y. 2007 . A numerical study of multiple fuel injection strategies for NOx reduction from DI diesel engines . International Journal of Green Energy , 4 : 453 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng , Z. L. , Yao , M. F. and Wu , W. L. 2010 . Numerical Simulation on Combustion and emission processes of mixed/direct injected fuel stratification combustion . International Journal of Green Energy , 7 : 498 – 515 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar